Bad Buchau
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Coordinates: 48 ° 4 ′ N , 9 ° 37 ′ E |
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| Basic data | ||
| State : | Baden-Württemberg | |
| Administrative region : | Tübingen | |
| County : | Biberach | |
| Height : | 592 m above sea level NHN | |
| Area : | 23.77 km 2 | |
| Residents: | 4294 (Dec. 31, 2018) | |
| Population density : | 181 inhabitants per km 2 | |
| Postal code : | 88422 | |
| Area code : | 07582 | |
| License plate : | BC | |
| Community key : | 08 4 26 013 | |
City administration address : |
Marktplatz 2 88422 Bad Buchau |
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| Website : | ||
| Mayor : | Peter Diesch | |
| Location of the city of Bad Buchau in the Biberach district | ||
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Bad Buchau (until 1963 Buchau, in Schwäbisch Buache ) is a health resort on the Federsee in Upper Swabia . Bad Buchau is known for its mud spa and mineral spa ( thermal bath ), also for its prehistoric pile dwellings , which are part of the UNESCO World Heritage , for the Federsee European reserve and not least for its history as a free imperial city and imperial monastery , which was strongly influenced by Judaism .
geography
Geographical location
Bad Buchau is located on an ice age moraine tongue that runs from south to north on the southwestern edge of the Federsee in the center of Upper Swabia, about 12 km west of Biberach. The Federsee is a 1.5 km² lake within a 33 km² moor area. The pen is located at the highest point on the northern tip of the moraine tongue.
Bad Buchau is located on the Upper Swabian Baroque Road and the Swabian Bath Road .
City structure
Bad Buchau includes the formerly independent Kappel district and the Ottobeurer Hof , Bruckhof and Henauhof farms .
Bad Buchau community administration association
Bad Buchau and the other independent municipalities in the Federsee region of Alleshausen , Allmannsweiler , Betzenweiler , Dürnau , Kanzach , Moosburg , Oggelshausen , Seekirch and Tiefenbach have formed the Bad Buchau municipal administration association since 1973 .
history
prehistory
Archaeologists have been researching the area around the city and the Federsee for more than 120 years. There are numerous finds from Ice Age reindeer hunters and pile farmers from the Stone Age to the Celtic Age . The oldest wooden wheels in Europe were found here.
In the late Bronze Age , around two kilometers southeast of today's city, there was a fortified wetland settlement, now known as the moated castle .
Haddellind (Adelindis I. and Attalint (Adelindis II.)
Around 700 AD there was an Alemannic noble court and probably a castle on the north-western edge of the beech-lined island .
In the Eritgau , to which the Federsee region belongs, count Warin officiated in the second half of the 8th century, from a high nobility family who probably belonged to the Widonen family. Warin was married to Haddellind (Adelindis I), and both founded the Buchau monastery around 770 . Hadellind is given as the daughter of Hildebrand, Duke of Spoleto , and the Regarde, who in turn is said to have been a sister of the Bavarian Duke Odilo , even if the Buchau founding legend Hildebrand as the Swabian Duke and Regarde as the Bavarian Duchess and sister of Hildegard, Karl's wife the great, and Adelindis was the first abbess to officiate until around 809.
Adelindis II, also called Attalint (855–915), was the daughter of Heinrich von Ostfranken and married to the Count of Eritgau from the Welfs , Atto or Hatto. Together they looked after the Buchau monastery. After the death of her husband in a fight with the Hungarians in the fields in front of Buchau (Plankental - "valley of tears") she became abbess from around 900 years on.
Ludwig the German
The oldest message about Puachava-Buchau can be found in a document from King Ludwig II the German dated April 28, 857, which was kept in the Reichenau Monastery , although it was a forgery from the 12th century on behalf of the monastery, directed against the bailiff's claims acts. However, the document probably contains a true core. It shows that Ludwig handed the Buchau monastery over to his daughter Irmengard . Until 1209 the women of the monastery lived according to the rule of St. Benedict . After that, the monastery was secular and the headess was an independent landlady and princess. The monastery thus became an imperial, princes and free-worldly women's monastery . The nuns (choir women) still admitted to the rule of St. Benedict. The Abbess had as imperial princess seat and a vote on the diets .
Imperial city and imperial monastery in the High Middle Ages
The citizens of Buchau developed independently of this pen, and even in centuries of mutual dislike. The origin of the settlement is shrouded in darkness, as the town hall and 46 other buildings fell victim to the flames in 1387 or 1412. Nowhere else were two imperial direct rulers installed in such a narrow geographical area . In 1014 (or 1022) a mint and market place in Buchau is mentioned by St. Gallen monks.
In 1320 Buchau became a free imperial city and was directly and exclusively subject to the emperor and the empire. Until the end of the Holy Roman Empire , Buchau was one of the smallest free imperial cities in terms of area, thanks to its island location without walls or towers. In 1347 Buchau was freed from foreign courts. In 1347 the abbess was first referred to as imperial duchess, and she has been an imperial estate since the 16th century.
Between 1390 and 1417 the monastery was called the free world and high princely monastery and took in noble daughters. In 1401 Buchau was awarded the town charter of Biberach. In 1422 a wall was built around the monastery. The office of Amman of the city was popular among the nobles. The emperor pledged it to the counts of Helfenstein , the city of Ulm, but also to the Buchau monastery.
In 1524 Buchau himself acquired the office of mayor for his self-administration. In 1577, Buchau accepted a Jewish community that grew rapidly and gained importance. In 1643 Merian made an engraving of Buchau. In 1650 a Jewish cemetery was established. In 1672 the Fasnet was first mentioned.
In 1730 the first synagogue was built. In 1787 and 1808 the water level of the Federsee was lowered by 2 meters and Buchau lost its island location. The expectations for the use of the soil obtained were not fulfilled. The microclimate deteriorated.
secularization
As a result of the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss 1803, both the city and the Buchau monastery fell to the Princes of Thurn and Taxis , as compensation for lost income from their postal monopoly on the left bank of the Rhine.
The “ Imperial Principality of Buchau ” was founded from the city, monastery and other areas, but it only existed until 1806, when the Kingdom of Württemberg became supreme. The territory of the imperial principality was assigned to the Oberamt Riedlingen , which was renamed the District of Riedlingen in 1934 and dissolved in 1938.
Württemberg
The religious edict of Württemberg in 1806 brought freedom of religion to the Federsee region and the whole of Upper Swabia and thus the permission to settle for Protestant Christians. Evangelical craftsmen, civil servants and tradespeople came to Buchau. In 1839 the second synagogue, which was built in the classicist style, was inaugurated, and in 1840 the rabbinate was built next to the synagogue. In 1851 the Protestant congregation was founded and the congregation church was built in 1894.
In 1868 the Plankental Chapel was built by the Princes of Thurn and Taxis. In 1875, Buchau bought the “Long Building” from the Prince of Thurn und Taxis in order to accommodate all of the city's schools.
From 1896 to 1917 the city was connected to the railway network by the Federseebahn , a narrow-gauge railway from Schussenried via Buchau to Riedlingen . The Royal Württemberg State Railways built the station building as a type IIIa unit station . The line was completely shut down in 1969. The monument locomotive 99 637 at the former station still reminds of the railway today .
In 1909 the 1000th anniversary of the city was celebrated, and in 1911 the first spring pier was built. 1914-18 Buchau counted 71 soldiers killed in the First World War.
Reichstag election 1932 : 1567 eligible voters, 1084 votes cast, 541 center, 273 NSDAP, 93 SPD, 58 KPD, 119 others
Reichstag election 1933 : 1537 eligible voters, 1329 votes cast, 625 center, 500 NSDAP, 90 SPD, 33 KPD, 81 others
National Socialism and World War II
Mayor Vinzenz Gnann (center) disapproved of the beating of a Catholic youth association by the Hitler Youth in 1934. Gnann was then taken into protective custody by the Riedlingen SA standards and locked up. The next day he was suspended by the city council.
In 1935 there was a stronger earthquake, which caused damage of 80,000 Reichsmarks to a total of 850 buildings in the Kappel district. Adolf Hitler donated 100,000 Reichsmarks for the reconstruction. In 1938 there was a pogrom night and the synagogue was destroyed . The Jewish community had to pay 10,000 Reichsmarks to demolish the remains of the building. The stones were sold and used as road material.
As part of the district reform during the Nazi era in Württemberg , Bad Buchau was assigned to the Saulgau district in 1938 .
In 1938 the company Hermann Moos AG was forced to become the last of the seven Jewish companies in Buchau. The company was sold to Götzburg. In 1941 the first deportations of Jews from Buchau took place.
General Lattre de Tassigny's French battalion de Choc took Buchau on April 22 and 23, 1945. The city headquarters was set up in the Kreissparkasse, the former home of the Moos family.
post war period
After the end of the Second World War, the city fell into the French occupation zone and thus came to the newly founded state of Württemberg-Hohenzollern in 1947 , which was incorporated into the state of Baden-Württemberg in 1952.
On September 24, 1963, Buchau was given the title “ Bad ” as a mud spa .
The development of Bad Buchau as a mud spa is being promoted. This includes generous new buildings and extensions as well as ongoing modernization at the Federseeklinik. This will be a spa center with a restaurant / cafe, a theater, a therapeutic with an indoor pool and a spacious spa park. Bad Buchau will also have a thermal bath. In 1982 and 2004, deep drilling is carried out to develop thermal springs. The bathing facility includes an outdoor pool, a sauna area, fitness facilities and Kneipp stations. The house in the Torwiesen becomes part of the complex.
With the addition of neurology and psychosomatics to rheumatism therapy when the Schlossklinik was taken over (1993/95), the Federsee Therapy Center was created. On January 1, 1971, the municipality of Kappel was incorporated into Bad Buchau.
In 1972 the Bad Buchau Community Administration Association was founded. By transferring various fulfillment and execution tasks to the association administration, the Federsee communities can maintain their political independence. As a result, this increases the sense of belonging and strengthens the economic and cultural development of the structurally weak area.
In 1973, the district reform brought the communities of the Bad Buchau community administration association to the Biberach district. The previous district of Saulgau was dissolved.
In 1981, the 24 km long Federsee sewage ring pipeline with supply collectors, 12 pumping stations, 14 rain overflow basins and storage channels was completed, plus the Vollochhof sewage treatment plant with an investment volume of 30 million DM. These measures save the Federsee, which is totally overloaded by sewage and overfertilization, from the imminent biological end (" Algal bloom ").
From 1981 onwards, Bad Buchau's inner city received a completely reorganized urban character with the numerous, different measures for urban redevelopment (core city areas) in the public and private sectors, without leaving the historical foundations of the rural small town. In 1989/90 the market square was redesigned as a pedestrian zone. Further urban attractions are being created for citizens and guests.
1985 Bad Buchau is shown in the Danube / Iller regional plan as a sub-center in the Federsee area.
In 1991/1995 the castle was converted into a clinic and completely renovated. It will be supplemented by new beds, a gym and swimming pools. Due to the significantly higher construction costs (50 million DM, planned 24 million DM), the client goes into bankruptcy. In 1995 the Moorheilbad gGmbH bought the entire building area.
In 1994 the nature reserve “Südliches Federseeried” was redesignated. In 2002 the bypass road was completed as part of the L 275. This means that the title of “mud spa” can be retained despite the previously excessive air pollution levels in the city center. The place is relieved of most of the through traffic.
In 2009 the premises of the insolvent company Götz Mode GmbH were foreclosed for 150,000 euros. In 2014 the factory ruins will be demolished and the Götzburg area redesigned.
Judaism
First Jewish community
Jews had lived in Buchau since 1382, and in 1577 a Jewish community in the city was documented. The settlement of Jews was promoted primarily for economic reasons. It was hoped that income would come from trade and the special taxes paid by the Jews. Most of the Jews made a living from retail trade and peddling, as they were excluded from handicrafts and agriculture for a long time. In Buchau they were initially allocated a separate residential area, the Judengasse. In 1665 the council accepted a Jew named Mosis von Wangen, ancestor of the Einstein family.
emancipation
In 1822, Jews moved into two apartments on main streets for the first time against the protest of the population. According to the Emancipation Act of 1828, they enjoyed formally the same civil rights and obligations as their fellow citizens of Württemberg in many areas. The state of Württemberg tried to prevent the Jews from growing economically. Peddling and junk trading, as well as certain forms of rural credit, were subject to strict restrictions as " chess trade ".
On other points, Jews only achieved equality in 1864, 1871 and 1919.
In analogy to the Christian denominations, religious life was subject to an Israelite senior church council and thus to state supervision until 1919 .
The economic development was decisively promoted by Jewish businessmen. The main employers were Jewish textile manufacturers, so they were respected citizens of the city. Between 1793 and 1873 there was a second Jewish community in neighboring Kappel . Since 1832 Buchau was the seat of the rabbinate of the same name , which encompassed almost the whole of southern Upper Swabia.
Jewish Cemetery
The Jewish cemetery is the second largest regional cemetery after Laupheim in Swabia and is still preserved today. In 1730/31 the community built a synagogue in their ghetto, and in 1839 a new, larger one with a tower and carillon was inaugurated, which was later equipped with an organ and "church bell". It was built outside the Judengasse. In 1838 736 Jews lived in Buchau, a third of the total population at that time.
Einstein family
Albert Einstein's parents , Hermann and Pauline Einstein (née Koch), both came from long-established Jewish families who had lived in the Swabian region for centuries. The maternal grandparents had changed their surname Dörzbacher to Koch. The paternal grandparents still had traditional Jewish names, Abraham and Hindel Einstein. Albert Einstein's parents moved to Ulm shortly before he was born and to Munich a year later. The first named ancestor Albert Einstein, a horse and cloth merchant from Wangen named Baruch Moses Ainstein, was accepted into the municipality of Buchau in 1665. The names of 99 people with the name Einstein can still be found on the tombstones of the Buchau Jewish cemetery. including that of the last Jew in Buchau, Siegbert Einstein, a great-nephew of the physicist who had survived the Theresienstadt concentration camp and was temporarily second mayor of the city of Buchau after the Second World War.
National Socialism
On November 9, 1938, the Kappel synagogue was destroyed during the Reichspogromnacht . In Buchau, on the night of the pogrom, an SA standard from Ochsenhausen failed to attempt to destroy the Buchau synagogue on the orders of the SA brigade from Ulm: The then mayor Hugo Öchsle had instructed the fire brigade to extinguish the burning synagogue, contrary to orders. However, at the behest of the SA brigade leader from Ulm, the action was repeated on November 11 at 3 a.m. Eight to ten members of the SA storm in Ochsenhausen and an NSDAP troop from Saulgau were involved. The consequences were devastating; the synagogue was destroyed, it was burned to the ground. These were blown up on November 18th by Ulm pioneers. The stones of the synagogue were sold and used for road construction. The property was purchased by the city at such a low price that the Ministry of the Interior objected to an alleged "Jewish donation".
In the period after the pogrom, the 257 Jews of the town, whose group consisted of 200 Buchauers and 57 interned Jews, were deported or driven into emigration.
post war period
After the Second World War, three Jewish fellow citizens who had survived the Theresienstadt concentration camp returned to Buchau, including Siegbert Einstein (1889–1968).
Two memorial plaques will be placed on a boundary stone of the former synagogue site. A weeping willow will be planted at the site of the Thoralade in the former synagogue building.
On September 1, 2010, the state rabbi of Baden-Württemberg Netanel Wurmser visited Bad Buchau as part of the European Day for Jewish Culture.
A Jewish memorial room will be opened in 2013. A trip threshold is also being laid.
In 2014 the former Jewish community building with library and school will also receive a memorial plaque. A portrait of the former Buchauer Edith Alsberg Kahn is hung across from her former classroom in the Progymnasium Bad Buchau.
In 2016, the regional historian Charlotte Mayenberger was awarded the Federal Cross of Merit.
politics
Local elections
In the local elections on May 26, 2019, the distribution of seats was as follows, with a turnout of just 48.5% (2014: 47.8%):
- CDU : 53.5%, 7 seats (2014: 51.7%, 7 seats)
- FWV : 46.5%, 7 seats (2014: 43.0%, 6 seats)
- The incorruptible: 0%, 0 seats (2014: 5.3%, 1 seat)
State elections
In the 2011 state elections , the CDU received 53.1%, the SPD 17.9%, the FDP / DVP 4.4% and the Greens 15.5% of the votes.
Bundestag elections
In the federal elections in 2013, the CDU received 60.1% of the first votes (2009: 36.9), the SPD 19.3% (26.1), the FDP 2.3% (19.73), the Greens 7.5 % (7.2), The Left 4.1% (7.1), The Pirates 3.9%.
European elections
In the 2014 European elections, the CDU received 53.9%, the SPD 16.4%, the Greens 7.9%, the FDP 3.7% and Die Linke 2.1% of the votes.
mayor
1948–1978 Hans Knittel
Hans Knittel was an honorary citizen, holder of the Federal Cross of Merit and managing director of Moorheilbad gGmbH from 1951 to 1986.
The Second World War caused hard-to-bear consequences of the war in Buchau, and the pogrom also caused social, economic and cultural losses. The community infrastructure as a whole was shattered and had lost its livelihoods. Knittel tackled the post-war rebuilding of the city and provided new basic equipment. The inclusion of the spa, the merger of the State Insurance Institute Württemberg and the city of Buchau in the Moorheilbad gGmbH as well as the state recognition as a mud spa bear his signature. These steps ushered in a new development for the future of the city.
For this coming school reform (construction of a neighborhood secondary school center with sports facilities), the municipal reform (establishment of the local government association Bad Buchau , incorporation of Kappel) and the district reform (change from district Saulgau the district of Biberach in 1973).
1979-2003: Harald Müller
Müller was a bearer of the Federal Cross of Merit and received the gold state medal from the state of Baden-Württemberg for outstanding services to nutrition, agriculture, the environment and forestry and the gold badge of honor from the Baden-Württemberg municipal council. He was a member of the Biberach district council from 1979 to 2006.
Müller continued the direction of his predecessor. Under his aegis, the Federsee circular pipeline was built with the commissioning of the wastewater treatment plant. The basic infrastructure was supplemented, strengthened and modernized. These measures included the general refurbishment and expansion of the inner-city sewage system, the stabilization of the drinking water supply, the connection to the Thüga gas pipeline with the expansion of the local network, the construction of the bypass road as part of the L 275, urban redevelopment measures with gutting as well as re-use and the traffic-calmed marketplace redesign .
Kappel was redeveloped, the abbey area revitalized and brownfield sites redesigned (Kessler, Thalysia). In addition, there were land consolidations , the general renovation of the Progymnasium , the creation of the tourism marketing basis , expansion of the nature reserve with archaeological research sites, an open-air museum, an educational trail, the establishment of the nature reserve Federsee of the NABU , the sponsorship of the district of Biberach for the European reserve , the development of various new residential areas The creation and development of the industrial site in Kappel and the designation of Bad Buchau as a sub-center for the Federsee area led to further population growth . Last but not least, Müller managed to reduce the city's debts.
2003–: Peter Diesch
Peter Diesch, who himself comes from Bad Buchau, has been mayor since February 1, 2003. He was re-elected on November 7, 2010 with 94.7% of the vote without an opponent.
The urban measures during his term of office include the auctioning and demolition of the Götzburg area in 2015 and the opening of the new Activ-Carré with a mix of uses of permanent local supply and living in the city center. In 2016 the fire department building was expanded.
coat of arms
The city of Buchau am Federsee has the city coat of arms described below (see top right)
Blazon : "blue perch is covered in silver a rooted green beech, whose parent besteckten with a rotflossigen, side red with 23 scales in nine columns."
The coat of arms makes the city name " talking " with the beech . The fish indicates the location on the Federsee. The coat of arms has been shown on seals since 1390.
Twin town
The twin town of Bad Buchau has been Le Lion-d'Angers since July 7, 1993 . Rüdiger Klan has been the chairman of the partnership association since 2017.
Economy and Infrastructure
Leisure and sports facilities
In addition to the Federseerundwanderweg, there are numerous walking, hiking and biking trails around the approximately 35 square kilometers large Federsee basin. Those who like it more sporty can drive to the neighboring Bussenberg (767 m above sea level) and from there have a wonderful view over the whole of Upper Swabia.
- The NABU Nature Conservation Center Federsee looks after the moor, is the contact point for visitors and a training center.
- The Federsee is a bird sanctuary. 265 bird species live on 3300 hectares of bog, 107 of them breeding bird species. The main attractions are the Federseegeg, first built in 1911, and the “wobbly forest” that grows on a former ice pond. Due to the boggy subsoil, the surface there is only held together by a layer of roots, so the soil gives way with every step and surrounding trees can begin to wobble.
- The Adelindis Therme Bad Buchau has a thermal bath and sauna area as well as an "active park" with a sports pool, equipment course and barefoot path. The thermal water comes from a depth of 795 meters with a temperature of 47.5 ° C.
- Further sports and leisure facilities are a municipal outdoor pool with miniature golf course, artificial turf, Federseestadion on the grounds of the Federseeschule and tennis courts (facility of the Bad Buchau tennis club).
Established businesses
The two largest employers in town are
- Franz Kessler GmbH (manufacturer of spindle systems, asynchronous and synchronous motors founded in 1923 and in Bad Buchau since 1950)
- the Federsee health center with the Federseeklinik (rehabilitation clinic for orthopedics and trauma surgery as well as internal medicine with a focus on rheumatology and oncology), the Schlossklinik Bad Buchau (rehabilitation clinic for neurology and psychosomatics), the thermal hotel "Gesundheit-Bad Buchau" with spa center and the café-restaurant "Badstube" and the Adelindis Therme.
Educational institutions
Bad Buchau has the Progymnasium Bad Buchau , the Federseeschule ( community school ) and the Bad Buchau special needs school .
Culture
Bad Buchau carnival
In 1672 the Buchauer Fasnet was first mentioned in the monastery protocols. At the beginning of 1900, the fool's association Fidelia celebrated a great carnival in Buchau with the Prince Carnival as a symbolic figure, which was then discontinued with the beginning of the war.
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Bog ox
In 1963 the Moorochs fools guild was brought into being in order to revive the public carnival tradition, which was extinguished as a result of the Second World War and the subsequent emergency. This small group has developed into a traditional association with over 1000 members. The hand-carved wooden masks of the father Federsee , the lovely water lily , the waver , the gallows bird , the coarse Riedmeckeler and, as a coronation, the eponymous figure of the moor ox n, are well known. The founders of the fool's guild wanted an original new creation based on their homeland Basis, the creation of handicraft masks to embody characters from nature and history of the Federseeheimat with the matching "fools".
- The Moorochs, the eponymous mask shows an ox, but is supposed to represent the big bittern that used to be at home in the Federseemoor and whose call could be heard from afar.
- The Weller is the largest freshwater predatory fish and is still found in the Federsee today.
- The water lily is found in large fields on the Federsee.
- The Riedmeckeler represents the peat cutter who cut peat for heating in the Federseemoor until the middle of the 20th century.
- The gallows bird is a reminder of the place of execution on the Kappelerhöhe. There the fiends of the Free Imperial City and the Free World Ladies' Foundation were judged.
- The father Federsee is a single mask in the move and is a kind of Neptune who rises from the Federsee.
Fire witches
They remind us of the dark time of the witch hunt, which has not left Bad Buchau-Kappel without a trace. In 1628 Anna Schilling from Kappel was beheaded as a witch and her body was burned at the place of execution. The last so-called witch, Elisabeth Kolb from Rupertshofen , was sentenced to death by fire by the collegiate court in 1746 and burned in front of “Kappel outside”. The fool's guild was founded in 1973 under the name "Fools Community Federsee". The name was changed in 1993 to “Narrenzunft Feuerhexen Bad Buchau e. V. ”In 1974 the guild presented two more masks for the figure of the“ fire witch ”: the“ Geister-Mariann ”from Kappel and the“ Burren-Male ”from the Burrenwald.
Adelindisfest
Every 2 years Bad Buchau celebrates the Adelindis Heimat- und Kinderfest together with the Federsee communities. Adelindis, the Swabian folk saint and great benefactress of the Federsee region, gives the festival its name. According to the popular tale, her husband did not return home from a battle and her three sons were murdered in the Plankental valley. Adelindis then entered the Buchau monastery, where her daughter was abbess, and developed a beneficial activity, helping those in need and distressed and making the monastery rich donations from her count's fortune. In her memory, the monastery and later the Buchau monastery celebrated the Adelindis Festival every year on August 28th, during which the nuns distributed up to 4,000 loaves of bread to the poor in the Federsee area. To commemorate this feast day, which brought thousands to Buchau and ended with the abolition of the monastery in 1802, the citizens of Buchau founded the Adelindisverein after the First World War and in 1924 redesigned the Adelindisfest as a festival for local people and children.
The highlight of the festive season with lots of music and tradition is the colorful, historically rich parade with over 1,200 participants from kindergartens, schools, associations and institutions, citizens from the entire Federsee area.
Attractions
Bad Buchau is located on the Upper Swabian Baroque Street and the Swabian Baths Street .
Museums
- Directly on the Federsee is a stone age museum, the Federseemuseum , which opened in 1968 and was built by architect Manfred Lehmbruck , to which a stone age village (open-air museum) has been attached since 1999. The Federseemuseum is a branch museum of the Archaeological State Museum in Konstanz. The scientific director is the archaeologist Ralf Baumeister. The museum is supported by the Association for Archeology and Home Care Bad Buchau e. V.
- Sculptures, paintings and paraments are exhibited in the monastery museum as evidence of Christian art of the Gothic and Baroque periods. Well-known works include “Marienklage” (around 1430), “Gnadenstuhl” (around 1480) and “Anna Selbdritt” (after 1500).
Memorials
- A memorial stone from 1981 on the former site of the synagogue destroyed in 1938 at the corner of Hofgartenstrasse and Schussenrieder Strasse commemorates the destroyed Jewish community and its church.
- In Judengasse, a fountain built in 2000 by the Buchau artist Heinz Weiss in the form of a broken Star of David commemorates the location of the first synagogue in Bad Buchau.
- On April 17, 2013, a trip threshold was laid in the green area at the post office and a plaque with the names of all Jews who lived in Buchau during the Third Reich was unveiled.
- During the renovation of the plank valley chapel, the crucifixion group on the gable was removed and placed on the tower of the collegiate church and erected in 1958 as a war memorial for the fallen of the two world wars on the forecourt of the collegiate church.
Buildings
Collegiate church
The collegiate church of St. Cornelius and Cyprianus , one of the first buildings of classicism in southern Germany with late baroque furnishings, was built by Pierre Michel d'Ixnard from 1774 to 1776 as a conversion of a Gothic church.
The furnishings include stucco sculptures by Johann Joseph Christian and paintings by Johann Friedrich Sichelbein . The ceiling paintings in the choir and central nave were painted by Andreas Brugger .
The church patrons Cornelius and Cyprianus still point to the Carolingian tradition.
Adelindis, venerated as the Swabian popular saint, rests with her three sons in the crypt of the collegiate church . The crypt, which was built around 1000, is perhaps the oldest preserved church in Upper Swabia.
Buchau Abbey
The Buchau Abbey (now the Schlossklinik) was founded around 770 by the name giver of the thermal baths, Adelindis, as can be seen from an inscription above the choir entrance of the collegiate church. Initially a Benedictine monastery, the monastery appeared in the 15th century as a canonical monastery. Up to 14 canonesses live in the princely and liberal women's monastery. They mostly come from the Swabian nobility and are bound by a vow. Only the consecrated abbess, also known as the princess, heads the community. In 1802 the Reichsstift ends in the course of secularization. The castle clinic has been located in the buildings of the former monastery since 1992/93.
Church of Peter and Paul
The Peter and Paul Church is located on the hill of Kappel with a view of Buchau. The frescoes of the Reichenau School, the oldest fresco cycle in Upper Swabia, were created around 1150. In 1473 and 1742 the church was rebuilt in baroque style, but retained its Romanesque character. Until 1803 the church was the parish church for the city of Buchau, because the collegiate church was reserved for the few women of the monastery and their servants. The cemetery for the citizens of Buchau was also located in Kappel at that time for the same reason.
town hall
The town hall has components from the 15th century; It was rebuilt several times, the last of which was the direction of the ridge. The current design with a stepped gable was created through reconstruction and expansion to the east in 1863/64. A complete renovation was carried out in 1985/86.
Bath house
One of the oldest houses in Bad Buchau is the bath house. It was built in 1459 and served as a bathhouse until 1782. It is a half-timbered building with strong foundation walls. In front of the bath house is an old fountain that stood on the market square in the 19th century and served as a fountain and trough.
Chapels
Buchau has three chapels.
- The Wuhr chapel was already mentioned in the Middle Ages, after the demolition of the original building, today's Wuhr chapel was built from 1727 to 1729.
- The Rest of Christ Chapel is located just outside the Kappel district. Kappler citizens had the chapel built in 1864.
- The Plank Talk Apelle based on the Adelindissage . The legend tells that Adelindis lost her husband and sons in the valley behind Buchau. In memory of the fallen, she had a chapel built. The current chapel was built in 1886 by the Prince of Thurn und Taxis. From 1945 to 1947, the interior was decorated by the painter Paul Hirt with pictures of the nobility.
Fountain
- The fool's fountain on Le Lions d'Angers-Platz shows the carnival masks of the moor ox guild.
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Sculpture path
There is a sculpture path between Oggelshausen and Bad Buchau, which shows works of art from the Oggelshausen sculpture symposia from 1969/1970 and 2000.
Personalities
Honorary citizen
- Julius Laub (1853–1941), Stadtschultheiß von Buchau 1907–1921, co-founder of the Beautification Association (→ Federseesteg), the Antiquity Association and the Federseemuseum
- August Gröber (1856–1931), master bottle maker in Buchau, co-founder of the antiquity association and the Federseemuseum
- Gottlieb Gnant (1868–1935), Ministerialrat, Honorary Senator of the University of Tübingen
- Lina Hähnle (1851–1941), founder and first chairwoman of the Federation for Bird Protection (BfV), today the German Nature Conservation Union (NABU)
- Hermann Hähnle (1879–1965), thermal engineering engineer in Giengen an der Brenz, photographer and filmmaker
- Wilhelm Ladenburger (1875–1962), general practitioner, founder of the Buchau e. V.
- Vinzenz Gnann (1889–1980), Mayor of Buchau 1921–1934, district administrator in the old district of Ehingen
- Erich Endrich (1898–1978), pastor in Bad Buchau 1929–1978
- Joseph Mohn (1903–1986), notary, mayor of Buchau 1945–1946
- Hans Knittel (1913–1996), Mayor of Bad Buchau 1948–1978, managing director of Moorheilbad gGmbH 1951–1985
- Hellmuth Hahn (* 1922), First Director of the LVA Württemberg
- Georg Ladenburger (1920–2018), deputy principal, historian and local researcher
- Alfons Herrmann (* 1935), 38 years old town councilor, long-time deputy mayor, often involved in voluntary work
- Rolf Preißing, City Councilor
sons and daughters of the town
- Benedikt Ferg (1631–1706), abbot of the Benedictine Abbey of Metten
- Karoline Kaulla (1739–1809), court factor at the Württemberg court
- Friedrich Widmann (1805–1876), district administrator, domain director
- Hermann Einstein (1847–1902), entrepreneur and Albert Einstein's father
- Siegbert Einstein (1889–1968), persecuted by the Nazi regime, from 1946 deputy mayor of Buchau. Albert Einstein's great-nephew. Received the Federal Cross of Merit 1st Class in 1959.
- August Fischer (1868–1940), pharmacist, founder of Uhu
- Rudolf Moos (1866–1951), leather dealer, founder of the “ Salamander ” brand
- Emil Neuburger (1870–1938), businessman and councilor in Pasing, social democrat, persecuted by the Nazi regime
- Hans Kayser (1891–1964), composer and music theorist
- Alois J. Springer (1902–1971), painter
- Winfried Eberhard (* 1941), historian
- Johannes Rövenstrunck (* 1949), composer
- Charlotte Mayenberger (* 1956), local history researcher, Federal Cross of Merit
People who worked in Bad Buchau
- Adelindis von Buchau (735 – unknown), founder of the women's monastery around 770
- Adelindi's abbess von Buchau (unknown – after 902), 2nd abbess of the women's monastery
- “ Apostle von Buchau ”, ran barefoot to the Reichstag in Speyer in 1542.
- Maria Maximiliana Esther von Stadion zu Tannhausen and Warthausen (1736–1818), last princess
- Kurt Prokscha (1919–1998), conductor and music director of the city
- Eduard Mörike (1804–1875), lived in 1828 with his cousin in the former Buchau Abbey
- Franz Kessler (1888–1971), engineer and founder of the Kessler engine plant
literature
- Stefan Ehrenpreis, Andreas Gotzmann, Stephan Wendehorst (Ed.): Emperor and Empire in Jewish Local History . Munich 2013.
- Anna Endrich: Buchauer Brakteate , in: Writings of the Association for the History of Lake Constance and its Surroundings , 87th year 1969, pp. 37–40 ( digitized version )
- Kurt Falch: Bad Buchau. Stories in the history of a city . Federsee-Verlag, Bad Buchau 2004.
- Andrea Hoffmann: Intersections and dividing lines. Jews and Christians in Upper Swabia . Tübingen 2011.
- Johann Daniel Georg von Memminger: City of Buchau. In: Description of the Oberamt Riedlingen. Cotta, Stuttgart 1827 ( full text at Wikisource ).
Web links
Remarks
- ↑ State Statistical Office Baden-Württemberg - Population by nationality and gender on December 31, 2018 (CSV file) ( help on this ).
- ↑ Source: Georg Ladenburger: Prehistory and early history of the Federseeraum. In: Bad Buchau and the Federsee. Federseeverlag 1987, p. 87. Image 10 × 32.5 cm, sheet size 14 × 36 cm. View from the southwest. In addition to the Gothic collegiate church, the imperial monastery also includes the palatium (seat of the abbess), as well as the houses of the canons, officials and clergy. The city has only one city gate (in the foreground), the eagle gate, otherwise walls and a moat. The south-western road to Oggelshausen was not built until 1791, before there was only a donated ferry. At the end of the embankment on the left in the picture is the former Wuhr chapel. Right in the picture: Freihof, Buchau's second settlement center. The town hall in the southeast of the city in front of the entrance to the monastery area can be recognized by the tower. Behind the palatium you can see the bath house, which is still preserved today and was built in 1459.
- ↑ https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0003-16F3-0/NF%2032%20Theil%20Buchau.pdf?sequence=1 p. 55
- ↑ Warin . In: Lexicon of the Middle Ages (LexMA). Volume 8, LexMA-Verlag, Munich 1997, ISBN 3-89659-908-9 , Sp. 2049.
- ^ Andreas Thiele, plate 27
- ↑ see article on Buchau monastery
- ↑ Adelindis von Buchau - Ecumenical Lexicon of Saints. Retrieved February 5, 2017 .
- ↑ Joachim Schäfer: Article Adelindis von Buchau, from the Ecumenical Saint Lexicon - https://www.heiligenlexikon.de/BiographienA/Adelindis_von_Buchau.htm, accessed on February 5, 2017
- ↑ https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0003-16F3-0/NF%2032%20Theil%20Buchau.pdf?sequence=1 p. 45
- ↑ Kurt Falch, 2004, p. 55
- ↑ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P1dWwIsiews
- ^ Rainer Stein: The Württemberg standard station on branch lines . In: Eisenbahn-Journal Württemberg-Report . tape 1 , no. V / 96 . Merker, Fürstenfeldbruck 1996, ISBN 3-922404-96-0 , p. 80-83 .
- ↑ Kurt Falch, 2004, p. 61
- ↑ Kurt Falch, 2004, p. 63
- ^ Jacob Toury, Eva Ch Toury, Peter Zimmermann: Jewish textile entrepreneurs in Baden-Württemberg, 1683-1938 . Mohr Siebeck, 1984, ISBN 978-3-16-744824-3 ( google.de [accessed on February 11, 2017]).
- ↑ Klaus Weiss: Diesch: Stadtmitte has won extremely . In: Schwäbische.de . ( schwaebische.de [accessed on February 11, 2017]).
- ↑ Rudi Multer: Pogrom in Upper Swabia. The Nazi henchmen set fires twice in Bad Buchau. In: Schwäbische Zeitung . November 8, 2008
- ↑ Joseph Mohn: The ordeal under the swastika. From the history of the city and monastery of Buchau. Self-published, Buchau 1970
- ↑ http://www.judeninbuchau.de/html/geschichte.html
- ↑ Studentenwerk Weiße Rose eV: DENK Sites Kuratorium NS-Documentation Oberschwaben: Bad Buchau: Jews in Buchau: Denkort Synagoge, corner of Hofgartenstraße / Schussenriederstraße. Retrieved February 11, 2017 .
- ↑ http://www.judeninbuchau.de/Ester_Alsberg__2_.pdf
- ↑ "An incentive to carry on" . In: Schwäbische.de . ( schwaebische.de [accessed on February 11, 2017]).
- ↑ http://www.statistik.baden-wuerttemberg.de/SRDB/Tabelle.asp?H=Wahlen&U=01&T=02035030&E=GE&K=426&R=GE426013 ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was created automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ http://www.statistik.baden-wuerttemberg.de/SRDB/Tabelle.asp?H=Wahlen&U=02&T=02015046&E=GE&K=426&R=GE426013 ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was created automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ http://www.statistik.baden-wuerttemberg.de/SRDB/Tabelle.asp?H=Wahlen&U=03&T=02025030&E=GE&K=426&R=GE426013 ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was created automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ 1239 Buchauer confirm Diesch in office . In: Schwäbische.de . ( schwaebische.de [accessed on February 11, 2017]).
- ↑ Annette Grüninger: Buchaus center awakens to new life . In: Schwäbische.de . ( schwaebische.de [accessed on February 11, 2017]).
- ^ Annette Grüninger: More space for the fire brigade . In: Schwäbische.de . ( schwaebische.de [accessed on February 11, 2017]).
- ↑ Les 20 ans du jumelage entre Le Lion et Bad Buchau . In: Ouest-France.fr . ( ouest-france.fr [accessed February 11, 2017]).
- ↑ Change of staff at the partnership association . In: Schwäbische.de . ( schwaebische.de [accessed on February 11, 2017]).
- ↑ Katy Cuko: Competition of the wellness temple . An overview of the thermal baths' offers . In: Südkurier from November 6, 2010
- ↑ Welcome to the Narrenzunft Moorochs e. V. Bad Buchau. Retrieved January 29, 2017 .
- ↑ a b Fool's Well. City of Bad Buchau, archived from the original on January 29, 2017 ; accessed on January 29, 2017 .
- ^ History. Retrieved January 29, 2017 .
- ^ Museum team - Federseemuseum Bad Buchau . In: Federseemuseum Bad Buchau . ( federseemuseum.de [accessed September 5, 2017]).
- ↑ Ulrike Puvogel, Martin Stankowski: Baden-Württemberg, Bavaria, Bremen, Hamburg, Hesse, Lower Saxony, North Rhine-Westphalia, Rhineland-Palatinate, Saarland, Schleswig-Holstein. Bonn 1995, ISBN 3-89331-208-0 ( Memorials for the Victims of National Socialism. Volume 1), p. 21
- ↑ The synagogues in Bad Buchau (Biberach district)
- ↑ Theil, Bernhard: Das (free secular) women's monastery Buchau am Federsee I edit. by Bernhard Theil. On behalf of the Max Planck Institute for History. Berlin ; New York: de Gruyter, 1994 (The Diocese of Konstanz; 4) (Germania sacra; NF, 32: The Dioceses of the Ecclesiastical Province of Mainz) ISBN 3-11-014214-7 , p. 18f https: //rep.adw-goe. de / bitstream / handle / 11858 / 00-001S -lösungen0003-16F3-0 / NF% 2032% 20Theil% 20Buchau.pdf? sequence = 1 ,
- ↑ Buchau Church in Kappel . In: SE-Federsee . ( se-federsee.de [accessed January 30, 2017]).
- ^ Bath house. City of Bad Buchau, archived from the original on January 30, 2017 ; accessed on January 30, 2017 .
- ↑ Heinz Weiss: Bad Buchau gives Alfons Herrmann honorary citizenship. ( Memento from October 9, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) In: AmFedersee.de. July 13, 2009
- ↑ Rolf Preißing becomes an honorary citizen . In: Schwäbische.de . ( schwaebische.de [accessed on February 11, 2017]).
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