Collegiate monastery Altötting

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The Altötting collegiate monastery existed first as a monastery from 876/877 to 907 and then as a collegiate monastery from 1228 to 1803. In 1930, the collegiate monastery was re-established without its own assets.

Area of ​​the former collegiate monastery

The parishes of Altötting, Waldötting (today's Kastl ) and Unterneukirchen were incorporated into the Altötting Collegiate Foundation . These parishes were occupied by canons. In 1401 Neuötting , Alzgern , Burgkirchen am Wald , Hirschhorn , Perach and Rogglfing were added. In 1404 Eggenfelden was incorporated, and in 1424 Oberaichbach . The extensive property of the monastery was expropriated in 1803 in the course of secularization ; the parishes became independent.

history

Foundation and fall of the Ötting Monastery

In 876/877 King Karlmann donated the Ötting Monastery , to which he gave the Palatine Chapel in Altötting and the Mattsee Abbey . In the year 880 Karlmann found his burial place in the monastery he founded. His son Arnolf von Kärnten also died in Altötting in 898 and was buried here. His son Ludwig the child, in turn, was born in Altötting in 893. Shortly after the founding of the monastery, a collegiate church was built, which was consecrated to Saints Maximilian and Felicitas. Probably that survived monastery Ötting the Hungarian invasions in the early 10th century, there's anecdotal evidence have been handed down later. However, monastic life was likely to have come to a standstill in the course of the 10th, but no later than the 11th century.

Re-established as a collegiate monastery in the 13th century

The Wittelsbacher Duke Ludwig der Kelheim initiated the re-establishment of the monastery as a collegiate monastery around 1228. Since the town of Neuötting was founded in 1224 , it was called the Altötting Collegiate Foundation . This was manned by twelve canons who were subordinate to the direction of a provost and a dean . In 1231 the monastery was confirmed by the Salzburg Archbishop Eberhard , who at the same time obliged the canons of the monastery to observe the Aachen rule .

History of the Kollegiatstift (1228–1803)

The construction of a new collegiate church had already begun in 1228. In 1245 the three-aisled basilica in the Romanesque style was finally consecrated. In the course of the ever increasing pilgrimage to Altötting, at the end of the 15th century it became necessary to rebuild the collegiate parish church of St. Philip and Jacob , which still exists today, with the associated collegiate cloister . The late Gothic hall church was completed in 1511.

In 1491 Pope Innocent VIII allowed the introduction of the less strict Passau rite, which was based on the coexistence of the Passau cathedral chapter . Accordingly, since the 16th century, the provost of the wealthy monastery usually no longer resided in Altötting. In 1500 the were under Scholaster the seminary already three Latin teacher . In 1571, Provost Martin Eisengrein issued new study regulations for a three-class elementary and Latin school.

The armed conflicts between Bavaria , Austria and the Archdiocese of Salzburg hit the monastery hard. In 1608, the number of canons had dropped to just three. In 1627 the number of benefices was increased from eight to ten; but these were not permanent. Ten years later, in 1637, six chaplains were donated to sing the Marian times of the day at the Chapel of Grace . These six chaplains, the Hofmarkspfarrer and the Waldpfarrer, who were assigned to the monastery, rose to the rank of canons in 1672 and formed the so-called "younger monastery committee". Thus there were now sixteen prebends , four of which remained vacant in the 18th century due to a lack of income. At the end of the 18th century, the canons were dressed in purple choir clothing along with chapter symbols. In 1803 the Altötting collegiate monastery was dissolved in the course of secularization in 1803.

Provosts and administrators of the collegiate foundation

So far, only a few provosts and administrators of the monastery monastery Altötting are known, of whom the monastery monastery, which "from the Middle Ages to the 19th century (..) held the rank of Stiftshofmark without independent administration", was probably mostly only perceived as an additional profitable benefice.

Re-established as a canon of honor in the 20th century

In 1925 the privileges on the miter and bishop's ring for members of the collegiate foundation were renewed. With this in mind, the collegiate foundation was revived in 1930 as the honorary canon of St. Rupert without any assets of its own. Since then, predominantly retired priests from the Diocese of Passau have occupied the monastery chapter. These act primarily as contact persons and confessors for the numerous Altötting pilgrims. After the Second Vatican Council , the bishops' privileges were abolished again, but since 1990 the provost has been allowed to wear the miter as an insignia after a privilege granted by Pope John Paul II , but not the crosier

Buildings

  • Kapellplatz (octagonal layout by Enrico Zuccalli ) with
    • Gnadenkapelle , in the core of approx. 700, with altar of grace from 1670 and a handling of over 2,000 votive pictures . Burial place from the heart of Bavarian rulers.
    • Stiftspfarrkirche St. Philipp und Jakob (Gothic hall church, 1499–1511) with adjoining cloister of the collegiate monastery
    • St. Magdalena Church (Baroque pilgrimage church, 1697–1700)
    • Congregation Hall of the Marian Congregation for Men
    • Stiftspropstei (13th century, modified in Baroque style in 1683, today a vocational school for music)
    • Old Canons
    • New Canons (by Zuccalli)
    • Stiftsdekanei (today parsonage and pilgrimage museum)
    • Hotel zur Post (formerly Zuccalli's farm tavern)
    • Marienbrunnen (by Santino Solari 1635–1637, foundation of Archbishop Paris Lodron )

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h Collegiate Foundation Altötting , basic data and history:
    Laura Scherr, Christian Lankes:  Altötting - "Collegiate Foundation in the heart of Old Bavaria" in the database of monasteries in Bavaria in the House of Bavarian History
  2. ↑ letter Prot. N. 857/89 of the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments to the Bishop of Passau from 15 January 1990
  3. ^ Altötting Collegiate Foundation . Online at regiowiki.pnp.de; Retrieved January 25, 2017.