Martin Treu

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Martin Treu (* 18th December 1871 in Haselbach bei Schwandorf , † 21st November 1952 in Nuremberg ) was from 1919 to 1933 the second mayor of the city of Nuremberg and in 1945 Mayor .

Live and act

Youth and first steps in politics

Martin Treu completed an apprenticeship as a tailor and went hiking from 1889. From 1897 he lived in Nuremberg, where he acquired citizenship in 1902 . Martin Treu had been a member of the Social Democratic Party (SPD) since 1892 . From 1905 he was party secretary for the SPD in Nuremberg, in 1908 he was one of the first ten representatives of the SPD in the college of municipal representatives, the forerunner of the city ​​council .

In 1909 Martin Treu was elected the youngest member of the magistrate . In Nuremberg, this consisted of the two mayors, four to eight legally qualified and twelve to twenty civil and at the same time honorary magistrates. Treu probably belonged to the latter group. Until 1919 he was a member of the magistrate's college.

Second mayor

When Germany was democratized with the Weimar Republic after the end of the German Empire , a new political beginning was also on the agenda in Nuremberg. The previous Lord Mayor Otto Geßler took up the post of Reich Minister for Reconstruction in the Bauer cabinet . The Social Democrats, split into the MSPD and USPD , had a majority in the Nuremberg City Council . In Martin Treu, the SPD would have found a suitable successor for the post of mayor. But the Nuremberg SPD did not want to decide according to party affiliation, but rather "an outstanding expert with whom they (...) could understand each other politically according to democratic and republican principles." In the spirit of the Weimar coalition of social democrats, DDP and center , the MSPD struck together with the DDP and the BVP , which took the place of the center in Bavaria, brought before the DDP politician Hermann Luppe . This was elected by direct election. Martin Treu was elected second mayor in the city council. Above all, he acted as a liaison between the liberal Lord Mayor Luppe and the Social Democratic parliamentary group in the city council and guaranteed that the SPD would maintain a cautious policy on personnel issues. Out of 19 full-time speakers during the Weimar period, only four had an SPD party book.

Martin Treu's work in the Nuremberg city administration was upgraded in 1929. As of this year, his office of second mayor was no longer an honorary position, but a full-time position. His substantive responsibility was expanded this year from the department of municipal works and companies to include the tram department . In parallel to his work as second mayor, Martin Treu was also a member of the Central Franconian district council from 1919 to 1933 , of which he was elected President from 1919 to 1928, and chairman of the supervisory board of the Franconian overland plant . From 1928 he was also a member of the Bavarian District Association and since 1930 Vice Chairman of the Bavarian City Association .

All his positions he had on 10 March 1933, the pressure of the NSDAP lay than this during the Nazi seizure of power also began Nuremberg same switch . The day before, Treu had refused to raise the swastika flag at the Nuremberg City Hall . In contrast to other SPD politicians such as Karl Bröger , Martin Treu was spared Nazi persecution.

Lord Mayor

After the end of the Second World War and the end of National Socialist rule in Nuremberg, the American military government initially removed the National Socialist Mayor Werner Eickemeyer from office. From April 22, 1945 Julius Rühm , the previous professional city councilor for human resources, held the office. The appointment of the NSDAP member led to resentment and disappointment among social democrats and trade unionists, whose offer of cooperation had previously been rejected by the military government. In June 1945, however, the Nuremberg military government came under pressure from the central military government, which criticized the Nuremberg personnel policy because six of the eleven full-time city councilors of the NSDAP had not been dismissed. As a result of a new directive from the military government and an exchange of officers in Nuremberg, the denazification policy has now also tightened in Nuremberg. On July 26, 1945, the American military government appointed Martin Treu Lord Mayor, and Social Democrat Hans Ziegler became second mayor.

With Martin Treu, on the one hand, the military government relied on continuity in personnel policy during the Weimar period, on the other hand, its pragmatic personnel policy, which was already proven at the time, countered the ideas of the military government, which instructed him to “ensure that in all proposals and appointments (...) that in the most important administrative bodies are represented by members of all permitted political convictions and economic groups. ”However, personnel policy subsequently became a main point of conflict between Martin Treu and the military government, because Treu actually went about maintaining the functionality of the city administration before each denazification. Martin Treu even sought support from the Bavarian Prime Minister Wilhelm Hoegner on this issue . In an interview on November 17, 1945, he explained that at the building construction department, which is important for the reconstruction, all employees with the exception of the head of the building were NSDAP members, whom he should have fired according to the specifications. In his monthly report of August 1945, Treu also complained about the denazification of the civil service in a very formalistic argument as “not in accordance with German law”.

In autumn 1945, in addition to the conflict with the military government, Martin Treu also got into a dispute with the Central Franconian district president Hans Schregle of the SPD and with his own party base, who complained about his stubborn adherence to the old forces and demanded his replacement. On December 4, 1945, the military government relieved Martin Treu of his office because of resistance to the denazification policy and because of his alleged resignation from the SPD in 1933 and a friendly telegram that he exchanged with NSDAP Mayor Willy Liebel in 1941 . The latter two pieces of information came from the ranks of the SPD to the military government. Treu was later rehabilitated from these allegations and in 1948 he was made an honorary citizen of Nuremberg .

Honors

After his death in 1953, a street in the Sebald part of the old town was named after him. This connects the Tucherstraße with the Rotschmiedgasse.

See also

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f Martina Bauernfeind: Treu, Martin . S. 1085 f .
  2. ^ Hartmut Frommer: Magistrate . S. 663 .
  3. ↑ Martina Bauernfeind: Geßler, Otto Karl, Dr. jur. S. 355 .
  4. ^ Wiltrud Fischer-Pache: Martin-Treu-Strasse . S. 676 .
  • Other sources
  1. ↑ a b c Hermann Hanschel: The "red Nuremberg" under Mayor Hermann Luppe , in: 75 years of municipal proportional representation. 75 years of the SPD city council group in Nuremberg 1908-1983 , published by the Nuremberg City Archives, self-published by the Nuremberg City Council, Nuremberg 1983, pp. 54–61, here: p. 56
  2. ↑ Hermann Luppe: My Life , Sources for the History and Culture of the City of Nuremberg, Volume 10, Ed. City Archives Nuremberg, Self-published, Nuremberg 1977, here: p. 289 ff.
  3. ^ Gerhard Pfeiffer: The battle for Nuremberg in April 1945 , hectographed manuscript without date, in: Stadtarchiv Nürnberg (Hrsg.): Nürnberg 1945 - 1949. Sources for post-war history. Part I: The transition phase up to the formation of the first city council April 1945 - June 1946. (Sources on the history and culture of the city of Nuremberg 20), edited by Udo Winkel, Nuremberg 1989, p. 145.
  4. ↑ Wolfgang Eckart: "Our goal: reconstruction without ideological questions" - city administration, military government and local political decisions in: Dieter Rossmeissl (ed.), Nuremberg under the American military government 1945-1949 , contributions to political education 6/1987, Nuremberg 1987, p. 31-52.
  5. ↑ Eckart 1987, p. 37
  6. ↑ Dieter Rossmeissl: “Democratization from the outside?” Nuremberg between occupation and the founding of a republic (introduction) , in: Dieter Rossmeissl (ed.): Nuremberg under American military government 1945-1949 , contributions to political education 6/1987, Nuremberg 1987, p. 7 -16.
  7. ^ Official Journal of the Military Government of Germany, Nuremberg, Number 18, July 28, 1945, p. 1
  8. ↑ Document 12, director's order of July 28, 1945: Requirements of the MR in Nuremberg and print of the regulations of the MR , in: Stadtarchiv Nürnberg 1989, p. 159.
  9. ↑ 39th document, internal memo of the military government of July 30, 1945 on the consequences of dismissals , in: Dieter Rossmeissl (Ed.): Democracy from the outside. American military government in Nuremberg 1945-1949 , Munich 1988, p. 118.
  10. ↑ Document 30a: Lord Mayor Treu and Official Director Giermann from November 17, 1945: Memo about the meeting with Prime Minister Dr. Högner in Munich on Friday, November 16, 1945 , in Nuremberg City Archives 1989, p. 281f.
  11. ↑ Document 26c: Monthly report of the Lord Mayor of the City of Nuremberg for August 1945 from August 31, 1945 , in City Archives Nuremberg 1989, p. 256
  12. ↑ Eckart 1988, p. 251
  13. ↑ Eckart 1988, p. 252
  14. ^ Office of MG Nürnberg: Monthly Historical Report, December 1 - 31, 1945 from January 5, 1946: Section I p. 1 , Document 29 in the Nuremberg City Archives 1989, p. 280f.
  15. ↑ Eckart 1988, pp. 335f.
  16. ↑ Manfred Scholz: The time of reconstruction (1945-1956) , in: 75 years of municipal proportional representation. 75 years of the SPD city council group in Nuremberg 1908-1983 , published by the Nuremberg City Archives, self-published by the Nuremberg City Council, Nuremberg 1983, pp. 69–74, here: p. 71
personal data
SURNAME Faithful, Martin
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German politician (SPD), Lord Mayor of Nuremberg
DATE OF BIRTH December 18, 1871
PLACE OF BIRTH Haselbach near Schwandorf
DATE OF DEATH November 21, 1952
Place of death Nuremberg