Bavarian Senate

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Senate bell, donated by Gustav Haydn in 1972 in the presidential hall of the Maximilianeum
Memorial plaque in the presidential hall of the Maximilianeum

The Bavarian Senate was after the Bavarian Constitution from 1946 to 1999, a second chamber adjacent to the Bavarian state parliament as the people's representatives .

Structure and history

The 60 members of the Bavarian Senate, who had to be at least 40 years old, were elected by social, economic, community and cultural bodies for six years or, in the case of religious communities , appointed. Each of the groups was entitled to a fixed number of seats. Since the Senate was a permanent body , a third of the seats were filled or refilled every two years . Senate members were not allowed to be members of the state parliament at the same time and enjoyed similar rights as these. The Senate was involved to a certain extent in the state legislature , but essentially had advisory and expert tasks. An objection by the Senate could be overruled by the Landtag with a simple majority .

In 1977/78 efforts were made to enlarge the Senate, reorganize its composition and take into account additional bodies; the corresponding majority to amend the Bavarian constitution did not come about.

The Senate came under fire in the course of the general bureaucracy discussion in the 1990s. The popular initiative “Lean State without Senate” , which was held in June 1997 and initiated by the ödp , ultimately demanded the abolition of the Bavarian Senate. It was supported by 927,047 entries (= 10.5% of the Bavarian electorate ). 39.9% of the electorate took part in the referendum of February 8, 1998, which was then required . Of the valid votes, 2,412,944 (69.2%) voted for the abolition of the Senate. 23.6% voted for the counter-draft of the state parliament, which was supported by the CSU and provided for a changed composition of the Senate. In September 1999 the Bavarian Constitutional Court declared the regulations of the referendum to be constitutional. The law to abolish the Senate came into force on January 1, 2000.

composition

The Senate was composed of representatives from the following groups:

Presidents and Vice Presidents

President

Surname group Political party Term of office (beginning) Term of office (end)
Josef Singer Cooperatives - 4th December 1947 January 9, 1968
Hippolyt Freiherr Poschinger von Frauenau Agriculture and Forestry CSU January 9, 1968 January 14, 1982
Hans White Municipalities and municipal associations CSU January 14, 1982 December 31, 1993
Walter Schmitt Glaeser Colleges and academies CSU January 11, 1994 November 28, 1996
Heribert Thallmair Municipalities and municipal associations CSU November 28, 1996 December 31, 1999

First Vice President

Surname group Political party Term of office (beginning) Term of office (end)
Gustav slate Unions SPD 4th December 1947 January 8, 1954
Hans Horns Unions - January 8, 1954 December 22nd, 1960
Theo Eppig Charities - February 22, 1961 May 12, 1964
Hippolyt Poschinger von Frauenau Agriculture and Forestry CSU July 8, 1964 January 10, 1968
Josef Listl Municipalities and municipal associations CSU January 10, 1968 December 31, 1969
Robert Sauer Colleges and academies - January 8, 1970 22nd August 1970
Audomar Scheuermann Religious communities - 1st October 1970 December 31, 1987
Ernst Wrede Industry and Commerce - January 12, 1988 December 31, 1993
Ekkehard Schumann Colleges and academies - January 11, 1994 January 11, 1996
Heribert Thallmair Municipalities and municipal associations CSU January 11, 1996 November 28, 1996
Hans Haibel Industry and Commerce - November 28, 1996 December 31, 1999

Second Vice President

Surname group Political party Term of office (beginning) Term of office (end)
Alexander Rodenstock Industry and Commerce - 4th December 1947 August 30, 1953
Konrad Pöhner Industry and Commerce CSU September 25, 1953 November 29, 1958
Hans Bornkessel Municipalities and municipal associations SPD December 29, 1958 January 10, 1968
Ludwig Linsert Unions SPD January 10, 1968 January 8, 1970
Walter Roth Unions - January 8, 1970 December 31, 1985
Ernst Wrede Industry and Commerce - January 9, 1986 January 12, 1988
Ekkehard Schumann Colleges and academies - January 12, 1988 January 11, 1994
Christel Beslmeisl Unions SPD January 11, 1994 December 31, 1999

Appreciation

The composition of the Bavarian Senate can be compared internationally with the Irish Seanad Éireann or the French Conseil économique, social et environnemental .

See also

literature

  • Hansjürgen Jendral: The Bavarian Senate: a special case in federalism - and a parliamentary model for corporatism? A theoretical approach to the constitutional institutionalization of organized interests. Haag and Herchen, Frankfurt am Main 1993, ISBN 3-86137-089-1 (also: Hagen, Fernuniversität, Diss., 1993).
  • Helga Schmöger: The Bavarian Senate. Biographical-statistical handbook 1947–1997 (= handbooks on the history of parliamentarism and political parties. 10). Droste, Düsseldorf 1998, ISBN 3-7700-5207-2 .

Web links

Commons : Senat of Bavaria  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Andreas Nigl: Passau Senate Bell gets a place of honor in the presidential hall
  2. ↑ The time of September 16, 1977 , accessed on May 28, 2018
  3. ↑ Hans F. Zacher : Constitutional conditions for changing the composition of the Bavarian Senate, accessed on May 28, 2018