Bavarian Senate
The Bavarian Senate was after the Bavarian Constitution from 1946 to 1999, a second chamber adjacent to the Bavarian state parliament as the people's representatives .
Structure and history
The 60 members of the Bavarian Senate, who had to be at least 40 years old, were elected by social, economic, community and cultural bodies for six years or, in the case of religious communities , appointed. Each of the groups was entitled to a fixed number of seats. Since the Senate was a permanent body , a third of the seats were filled or refilled every two years . Senate members were not allowed to be members of the state parliament at the same time and enjoyed similar rights as these. The Senate was involved to a certain extent in the state legislature , but essentially had advisory and expert tasks. An objection by the Senate could be overruled by the Landtag with a simple majority .
In 1977/78 efforts were made to enlarge the Senate, reorganize its composition and take into account additional bodies; the corresponding majority to amend the Bavarian constitution did not come about.
The Senate came under fire in the course of the general bureaucracy discussion in the 1990s. The popular initiative “Lean State without Senate” , which was held in June 1997 and initiated by the ödp , ultimately demanded the abolition of the Bavarian Senate. It was supported by 927,047 entries (= 10.5% of the Bavarian electorate ). 39.9% of the electorate took part in the referendum of February 8, 1998, which was then required . Of the valid votes, 2,412,944 (69.2%) voted for the abolition of the Senate. 23.6% voted for the counter-draft of the state parliament, which was supported by the CSU and provided for a changed composition of the Senate. In September 1999 the Bavarian Constitutional Court declared the regulations of the referendum to be constitutional. The law to abolish the Senate came into force on January 1, 2000.
composition
The Senate was composed of representatives from the following groups:
- 11 representatives of agriculture and forestry
- industry and trade 5 representatives from
- trade 5 representatives of the
- 11 union representatives
- liberal professions 4 representatives of the
- cooperatives 5 representatives of the
- religious communities 5 representatives of the
- charities 5 representatives of the
- universities and academies 3 representatives of
- municipalities and municipal associations 6 representatives of the
Presidents and Vice Presidents
President
Surname | group | Political party | Term of office (beginning) | Term of office (end) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Josef Singer | Cooperatives | - | 4th December 1947 | January 9, 1968 |
Hippolyt Freiherr Poschinger von Frauenau | Agriculture and Forestry | CSU | January 9, 1968 | January 14, 1982 |
Hans White | Municipalities and municipal associations | CSU | January 14, 1982 | December 31, 1993 |
Walter Schmitt Glaeser | Colleges and academies | CSU | January 11, 1994 | November 28, 1996 |
Heribert Thallmair | Municipalities and municipal associations | CSU | November 28, 1996 | December 31, 1999 |
First Vice President
Surname | group | Political party | Term of office (beginning) | Term of office (end) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Gustav slate | Unions | SPD | 4th December 1947 | January 8, 1954 |
Hans Horns | Unions | - | January 8, 1954 | December 22nd, 1960 |
Theo Eppig | Charities | - | February 22, 1961 | May 12, 1964 |
Hippolyt Poschinger von Frauenau | Agriculture and Forestry | CSU | July 8, 1964 | January 10, 1968 |
Josef Listl | Municipalities and municipal associations | CSU | January 10, 1968 | December 31, 1969 |
Robert Sauer | Colleges and academies | - | January 8, 1970 | 22nd August 1970 |
Audomar Scheuermann | Religious communities | - | 1st October 1970 | December 31, 1987 |
Ernst Wrede | Industry and Commerce | - | January 12, 1988 | December 31, 1993 |
Ekkehard Schumann | Colleges and academies | - | January 11, 1994 | January 11, 1996 |
Heribert Thallmair | Municipalities and municipal associations | CSU | January 11, 1996 | November 28, 1996 |
Hans Haibel | Industry and Commerce | - | November 28, 1996 | December 31, 1999 |
Second Vice President
Surname | group | Political party | Term of office (beginning) | Term of office (end) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Alexander Rodenstock | Industry and Commerce | - | 4th December 1947 | August 30, 1953 |
Konrad Pöhner | Industry and Commerce | CSU | September 25, 1953 | November 29, 1958 |
Hans Bornkessel | Municipalities and municipal associations | SPD | December 29, 1958 | January 10, 1968 |
Ludwig Linsert | Unions | SPD | January 10, 1968 | January 8, 1970 |
Walter Roth | Unions | - | January 8, 1970 | December 31, 1985 |
Ernst Wrede | Industry and Commerce | - | January 9, 1986 | January 12, 1988 |
Ekkehard Schumann | Colleges and academies | - | January 12, 1988 | January 11, 1994 |
Christel Beslmeisl | Unions | SPD | January 11, 1994 | December 31, 1999 |
Appreciation
The composition of the Bavarian Senate can be compared internationally with the Irish Seanad Éireann or the French Conseil économique, social et environnemental .
See also
literature
- Hansjürgen Jendral: The Bavarian Senate: a special case in federalism - and a parliamentary model for corporatism? A theoretical approach to the constitutional institutionalization of organized interests. Haag and Herchen, Frankfurt am Main 1993, ISBN 3-86137-089-1 (also: Hagen, Fernuniversität, Diss., 1993).
- Helga Schmöger: The Bavarian Senate. Biographical-statistical handbook 1947–1997 (= handbooks on the history of parliamentarism and political parties. 10). Droste, Düsseldorf 1998, ISBN 3-7700-5207-2 .
Web links
- Counter-draft of the state parliament to the referendum on February 8, 1998 (Senate Reform Act) (pdf) (34 kB)
- Official results of the referendum “Abolition of the Senate” on February 8, 1998
- Judgment of the Bavarian Constitutional Court after the referendum to abolish the Bavarian Senate
Individual evidence
- ↑ Andreas Nigl: Passau Senate Bell gets a place of honor in the presidential hall
- ↑ The time of September 16, 1977 , accessed on May 28, 2018
- ↑ Hans F. Zacher : Constitutional conditions for changing the composition of the Bavarian Senate, accessed on May 28, 2018