3S train

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View from a cabin on the 3S cable car in Kitzbühel
Operation and maintenance of the 3S-Bahn Penkenbahn in Mayrhofen (2015)

The 3S gondola , also called three -cable gondola , is a large- gondola gondola that was developed by the Swiss company von Roll Transportsysteme , Thun, in order to combine the advantages of an aerial tramway with those of a normal, detachable, single-cable gondola aerial tramway, with the company starting in 1930 Heckel built the Schauinslandbahn as the first circulating cable car in the world that was used for passenger transport and can be seen as an early forerunner of the 3-S system. Here, however, 2 traction ropes and a suspension rope were used and the vehicles had to be manually uncoupled from the rope in the stations.

Although the systems have three ropes, they are sometimes included in the group of bicable ropes if the (outdated) system is used, in which it is not the number of ropes, but the types of rope (suspension and pulling rope) that are counted.

Brief technical description of the first systems

The first system of this type, called Alpin Express I, was built in Saas-Fee in 1991 . This facility was followed by another section in 1994, the Alpin Express II - continuous operation of both sections is not possible, however. The cabins of these systems hold 30 people and are pulled by an endless pulling rope at a speed of 6 m / s , but still roll on two carrying ropes . One lane therefore has three ropes, which is where the name of this railway system comes from. The cabins are, as with most circulating gondolas coupled executed.

The system offers the following advantages:

  • lower energy consumption compared to aerial tramways of similar capacity
  • increased wind stability
  • large ground clearances possible
  • high travel speed in relation to monocable gondolas: speeds of over 8.5 m / s (30.6 km / h) are possible
  • large capacity

Development and construction of the Alpin Express I cost over 70 million SFr.

After the two systems in Saas Fee, the von Roll company did not build any more 3S lifts. After the Austrian company Doppelmayr took over the company's ropeway division in 1996, Doppelmayr continued to develop its expertise in 3S cableway construction.

The South Tyrolean company Leitner also offers 3S cable cars, the first of which was put into operation on May 23, 2009 to modernize the Renon cable car , which runs from Bozen to Oberbozen ( Renon ).

Existing 3S lifts

Fansipan, Sapa

Since January 2016, the 6,292 m long 3S cable car "Fansipan Legend" has been leading to the highest mountain in Vietnam , the Fansipan , to the top of the mountain, overcoming a height difference of 1410 m, and thus the "currently longest three-cable car with the highest height difference" .

L'Olympique in Val-d'Isère

In 2002, Doppelmayr built the first 3S lift in Val-d'Isère , France . It was the third of its kind to be built in the world.

3S-Bahn in Kitzbühel

The 3S-Bahn in Kitzbühel ( Lage ) bridges the Saukasergraben valley there and connects the two ski areas of Kitzbühel / Kirchberg (Pengelstein) and Jochberg / Resterhöhe (Talsen). Before the construction of the railway, there was only one bus connection between these ski areas. The cable car, which opened in January 2005, has only a difference in altitude of 137 m between the “valley station” (1780 m) and the “mountain station” (1917 m), but a travel distance of 3642 meters, which takes nine minutes. The greatest height above the ground is 400 meters. The use of just one support leads to an extraordinary field length of 2507 meters between the valley station and the 80 meter high support. The operator is the Kitzbühel mountain railway .

The system cost 13.5 million euros, a cabin 100,000 euros. The manufacturer is the Austrian company Doppelmayr . The ropes of the railway have a diameter of 54 millimeters, the traction cable is 7500 meters long and has a diameter of 42 millimeters. During normal operation, 400 kilowatts of electrical power are required, only about as much as a normal chairlift.

Peak 2 Peak Gondola

The 19 cabins (up to 24 possible) for 30 people each drive at a distance of 67 seconds (51 seconds) or 472 meters (360 meters) and can transport up to 3200 (4200) people per hour.

In the cabin 1, instead of the usual central seating areas, a glass floor is installed through which the 400-meter-deep abyss can be viewed.

Peak 2 Peak Gondola

The Peak 2 Peak Gondola is a 3S gondola built in 2007 and 2008 near Whistler (British Columbia) , Canada , which connects the two ski areas on Whistler Mountain and Blackcomb Peak across the steep and deeply cut valley of Fitzsimmons Creek . It currently has the highest altitude of any aerial cableway.

Rhine cable car in Koblenz

The Koblenz cable car

The Rheinseilbahn in Koblenz was built as an attraction and ecologically sensible transport connection to the 2011 Federal Garden Show . The aerial cableway over the Rhine connects the Rhine facilities at the level of the Kastorkirche with the plateau in front of the Ehrenbreitstein fortress . In order to connect the widely spaced core areas of the BuGa on the left bank of the Rhine and on the Ehrenbreitstein, the most powerful cable car in the world, with 7,600 people per hour, was built.

To do this, she overcomes a height of 112 meters between the two stations with a rope stretched 890 meters freely over the Rhine. The valley station is located in the Rhine facilities at the level of the Kastorkirche and the mountain station on the plateau in front of the Ehrenbreitstein fortress. With 18 cabins for 35 passengers per hour, the cable car can carry up to 3800 people in each direction.

Public transport began as early as July 4, 2010 for around three months. Regular operation started with the opening of the Federal Garden Show on April 15, 2011. To protect the UNESCO World Heritage Upper Middle Rhine Valley , it should be dismantled after three years. However, on June 19, 2013 in Phnom Penh, UNESCO decided at the 37th session of the World Heritage Committee to allow operation until 2026. The technically longest possible service life ends this year.

Renon cable car

New Rittner cable car

The Ritten cable car from Bolzano to Oberbozen ( Ritten ), formerly an aerial tramway, has been replaced by a 3S cableway built by Leitner with ten cabins for 35 passengers each. With a sloping length of 4560 m, it is one of the longest 3S cable cars in the world.

Gaislachkoglbahn in Sölden

In the Sölden ski area, the new Gaislachkogel lift went into operation in the 2010/2011 season . A 3S cable car with nine cabins for 28 people each leads from the middle station at 2174 m above sea level to the mountain station at 3040 m.

Olympic, Sochi

In the course of the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi , Doppelmayr built several 3S lifts.

At the 30-TGD Olympic Village facility in Krasnaya Polyana , additional special gondolas were delivered for the first time in order to move cars in the event of a roadblock.

It consists of two sections: Section 1 inclined length 1,736 m, vertical height 496 m, Section 2 inclined length 1,460 m, vertical height 124 m,

The second facility 30-TGD Psekhako is located in the Laura ski area, where the Olympic biathlon and cross-country skiing competitions took place. In 2014 it was the fastest in the world with a travel speed of 8.5 m / s and the longest tricable cable car with an inclined length of 5,386 m. It overcomes a vertical height of 1,096 m.

Pardatschgrat, Ischgl

The 3S Pardatschgratbahn in Ischgl was built by Doppelmayr between 2013 and 2014 and opened on November 27, 2014. It replaced the existing monocable gondola with four-person cabins, the lower section of which was removed. The upper section will continue to be operated as a pardorama lift.

The 3S has the largest difference in altitude for a 3S cable car worldwide at 1251 meters. Doppelmayr has implemented two world firsts for this lift: the cabins are distributed over two floors below the valley station using vertical conveyors. In addition, electricity is generated by wheel hub generators while driving, which ensures permanent seat heating. This lift was the first to be equipped with the TARIS cabin model from CWA Constructions .

Prodains Express, Morzine

The second 3S cable car built by Leitner connects Morzine with the winter sports resort Avoriaz in Haute-Savoie . It was put into operation with some delay for the 2013/2014 season, has a length of 1751 m and overcomes a height difference of 576 m.

Penkenbahn, Mayrhofen

The previous two-cable gondola was replaced by a 3S cable car from the manufacturer Doppelmayr. The lift is equipped with TARIS type CWA cabins and was opened in December 2015.

Eisgratbahn, Neustift im Stubaital

Since the beginning of the 2016/2017 winter season, a 3S has replaced the previous Eisgratbahn in Neustift . For the first time, a 3S was built in Austria by the Leitner company .

Lushan

On July 27, 2017, the very first tricable cableway in China started public operation in Lushan . The Doppelmayr / Garaventa Group has now completed another milestone in the ropeway industry: the very first three-ropeway in China.

Phú Quốc - Hòn Thơm

Doppelmayr laid the foundation stone in Vietnam on September 4, 2015 . In the south of Vietnam, west of the mainland, a cable car has been connecting the islands of Phú Quốc and Hòn Thơm since it opened on February 4, 2018 . With an inclined length of 7,899.9 m, it is the longest 3S cable car in the world and the longest cable car in one section.

Matterhorn Glacier Paradise, Zermatt

The world's highest 3S cable car, from Trockener Steg to Klein Matterhorn . The cable car called the Matterhorn glacier ride opened on September 29, 2018. The existing cable car will be retained.

Kaprun

Connection via the Kaprun glacier cable car between Kitzsteinhorn (Langwiedboden) and Maiskogel, commissioning took place on November 30, 2019.

Future plants

Switzerland

Jungfrau region

Faster connection between Grindelwald and Eiger Glacier (Eigerexpress)

Canceled projects

Germany

Wuppertal

The WSW mobil planned a new urban cable car system with the city of Wuppertal , which should be used with this type. The cable car was supposed to connect the main train station with the main campus of the university and the Küllenhahn district on the Wuppertal southern heights . After a public survey, which showed a largely negative attitude towards the project, the planning was abandoned in May 2019.

Austria

Flachau-Zauchensee connection cable car

In 2014, the Flachau-Zauchensee ski areas planned to build a 3S cable car by the 2017/18 winter season that would connect the two ski areas. With a length of 7.2 kilometers, the railway was to cover the entire route with only 5 supports. The route would also cross the Tauern Autobahn (A10) in just under 300 m . The journey time should be around 20 minutes. The investments would have been between 50 and 80 million euros. August 2017, the project was canceled after the Bergbahnen Wagrain took over the Flachau mountain railways in spring 2017 and several ski areas merged into Snow Space Salzburg . An analog, more cost-effective connection is to be built by a train between Wagrain and Kleinarl / Flachauwinkl in 2020.

See also

Web links

Commons : 3S-Bahnen  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Alpin Express - Bahn 3000 in operation! - Saas Fee (VS) - there is joy in the glacier village! Retrieved May 20, 2020 .
  2. ↑ Toàn cảnh cáp treo kỷ lục thế giới lên đỉnh Fansipan. Retrieved January 22, 2019 (vn).
  3. ↑ 30-TGD Fansipan Legend. Retrieved January 22, 2019 .
  4. ↑ [BUGA 2011 aktuell] (PDF; 2.6 MB), April 2010 ( Memento from November 20, 2010 in the Internet Archive )
  5. ↑ Oliver Georgi: Rhein-Seilbahn can stay until 2026. In: www.faz.net. Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, June 19, 2013, accessed on July 24, 2013 .
  6. ↑ Website of the Renon Tourism Association
  7. ↑ Mountain Manager 4/2009
  8. ↑ The new Gaislachkoglbahn ( memento from September 1, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
  9. ↑ http://www.skiwelt.de/news/22992-die-neue-pardatschgratbahn-in-ischgl.html
  10. ↑ Archived copy ( Memento from March 22, 2015 in the Internet Archive )
  11. ↑ Three-cable gondola brochure. In: www.leitner-ropeways.com. Retrieved April 19, 2016 .
  12. ↑ 3S Eisgratbahn 1st season. Retrieved November 15, 2017 (German).
  13. ↑ Doppelmayr opens the world's longest cable car in Vietnam orf.at, February 5, 2018, accessed February 5, 2018.
  14. ↑ Doppelmayr builds world record 3S cable car in Vietnam Press release, September 7, 2015, accessed April 3, 2018.
  15. ↑ Construction project 3S. : Blog Zermatt Bergbahnen. Archived from the original on April 4, 2018 ; accessed on April 4, 2018 .
  16. ↑ The new Matterhorn cable car goes live on dw.com on September 29, 2018, accessed on September 29, 2018.
  17. ↑ South Tyroleans are building the world's highest 3S cable car on ORF-Tirol from September 29, 2018, accessed on September 29, 2018
  18. ↑ New connection on Kitzsteinhorn opened. In: salzburg.orf.at. November 30, 2019, accessed December 1, 2019 .
  19. ↑ http://kurier.at/lebensart/reise/mega-seilbahn-fuer-flachau-und-zauchensee/101.591.918
  20. ↑ Flachau plans mega gondola lift. In: salzburg.orf.at. November 26, 2014, accessed November 23, 2017 .
  21. ↑ http://www.salzburg.com/nachrichten/salzburg/wirtschaft/sn/artikel/flachau-und-zauchensee-mega-seilbahn-ist-umstritten-130831/
  22. ^ Wagrain-Kleinarl connection railway (year of construction 2019, planned). In: Skiresort.de. Retrieved December 18, 2018 .
  23. ↑ 50 million euros for the new "Snow Space Salzburg"
  24. ↑ Mega cable car project between Flachau and Zauchensee buried derstandard.at, November 21, 2017, accessed April 3, 2018.