Hermaphrodite coin

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The hermaphrodite coin ( hybrid coin) is a coin with two sides that do not belong together. For the minting of the coins , the front side stamp was coupled with the back side stamp of another coin.

Explanation

Hybrid coins are often found on coins from antiquity and the Middle Ages . In modern times , for example, the stamp on one side was coupled with a newer stamp on the other side for reasons of economy . The mint can be recognized, among other things, by the fact that there is a year on both sides that can be different or the same, or by different mint marks belonging to different mints . In the case of hybrid coins it can also happen that they bear the name of a mint who did not rule in the specified year of minting .

The above-mentioned explanation of the term “ hybrid coin ” also applies analogously to medals that are designated as hybrid medals and coin samples as well as reductions that are referred to as hybrid samples or reductions. In each case, dies were used for the two sides of an embossing that do not belong together. In his concise dictionary of coinage from 1811, Carl Christoph Schmieder names the following reasons and causes for the minting of hermaphrodite coins:

“Sometimes, for reasons of economy, only the stamp of one side of a coin has been made anew and the other side has been struck with a different stamp, so that the obverse and reverse have different dates, perhaps even from different minters. This often happened when the stamp on one side got cracks and became unusable, and you couldn't get a new stamp straight away. Often times the coins were sold out and old stamps were mistaken for new ones. [...] Finally, old stamps that sometimes do not belong together have been put together by profit-addicted people [...] in order to produce the greater rarity, [...]. "

Incorrect die couplings are referred to as faulty minting in coin catalogs . In auction catalogs they are mostly given as hybrid or “hybrid / miss”, for example in the description of the Rentenpfennig 1929 F. The stamp coupling is wrong with this pfennig , since only Rentenpfennige were minted until 1924 and Reichspfennige from the same year. Counterfeits of hermaphroditic coins that were made for speculative purposes are also known .

Buchholzer Taler with the year 1540

An example of a coin showing the name of a mint who did not rule in the specified year of minting is shown by a Buchholzer Taler ( Guldengroschen ) with the year 1540. On this Saxon joint coinage of the Ernestines and Albertines is next to Johann Friedrich the Magnanimous ( 1532–1547–1554) and his brother Johann Ernst also the name of Duke Moritz (1541–1547–1553), who, however, did not come to power until 1541. The thaler stamp of 1540 of the dukes Johann Friedrich, Heinrich (1539–1541) and Johann Ernst was used for the obverse of the thaler shown . The piece is thus a hybrid.

Description of the hermaphrodite coin

Elector Johann Friedrich, Duke Moritz and Johann Ernst (1541–1542), Guldengroschen 1540, Buchholz Mint , hybrid coinage (Zwittertaler), diameter 39 mm, weight 28.88 g
  • Front:
    • Half-length portrait of Elector Johann Friedrich in an ermine cloak with shouldered Kurschwert , in between the divided year 15 - 40. In the inscription - clockwise - there are four coats of arms: Kur, Thuringia , Meißen and Saxony as well as the mint master's mark  T of the mint master Sebastian Funke.
    • Transcription: - IOHAN (nes). FR (idericus) - ELEC (tor) D (ux) - SAX (oniae). CASTLE (gravius) - MAG (deburgensis)
      • Translation: Elector Johann Friedrich, Duke of Saxony and Burgrave of Magdeburg.
  • Back:
    • Hip pictures of the Dukes Moritz and Johann Ernst, on the right in the field the mint master's mark T. In the inscription - clockwise - there are four coats of arms: Saxony, Meißen, Pfalz, Saxony and Thuringia.
    • Inscription: - MAURITI (us) - ET. IOHAN (nes) - ERN (e) ST (us) DV (ces) SAX (oniae). FI (eri). FE (cerunt)
      • Translation: Moritz and Johann Ernst, Dukes of Saxony, had (this coin) made.

On the front of the depicted taler coin from 1540 belongs to the regular minting the back with the hip pictures of Duke Heinrichs with Johann Ernst. The reverse shown with Moritz and Johann Ernst corresponds to the taler coin from 1541. The mint master's mark on both sides is another sign that the guilder is a hybrid coin.

See also

literature

  • Heinz Fengler, Gerd Gierow, Willy Unger: transpress Lexikon Numismatics , Berlin 1976
  • Friedrich von Schrötter , N. Bauer, K. Regling, A. Suhle, R. Vasmer , J. Wilcke: Dictionary of Coin Studies , Berlin 1970 (reprint of the original edition from 1930)
  • Walther Haupt : Saxon coinage . German Verl. D. Wiss., Berlin 1974, Berlin 1974

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Paul Arnold, Harald Küthmann, Dirk Steinhilber: Large German coin catalog from 1800 to today . Augsburg 1997 (terms)
  2. ↑ Heinz Fengler, Gerd Gierow, Willy Unger: transpress Lexikon Numismatik , Berlin 1976, p. 429
  3. ^ Carl Christoph Schmieder: Concise dictionary of the entire coinage , Halle and Berlin 1811, p. 483
  4. ^ Günter Schön: Kleiner deutscher Münzkatalog , Battenberg, 1994, example p. 91, No. 21
  5. ↑ search: 1 Rentenpfennig 1929 F, hybrid coinage
  6. ↑ search: Taler 1540, Buchholz, Zwitterpräge
  7. ^ Walther Haupt: Sächsische Münzkunde . German Verl. D. Wiss., Berlin 1974, Berlin 1974, p. 270
  8. ↑ Julius Erbstein , Albert Erbstein : Discussions in the field of the Saxon coin and medal history with the listing of Hofrath Engelhardt'schen collection. Dresden 1888, p. 32
  9. ^ Walther Haupt: Sächsische Münzkunde . German Verl. D. Wiss., Berlin 1974, Berlin 1974, p. 275

Web links

Commons : Hermaphrodite coins  - collection of images, videos and audio files