Neudingen Monastery

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Neudingen Monastery
medal Dominicans , Cistercians
founding year 1274
Cancellation / year 1802
location
country Germany
region Baden-Württemberg
place Donaueschingen - Neudingen
Geographical location 47 ° 55 '  N , 8 ° 34'  E Coordinates: 47 ° 54 '44.9 "  N , 8 ° 34' 13.5"  E
Cistercian monastery "Maria Hof" Neudingen (Baden-Württemberg)
Cistercian monastery "Maria Hof" Neudingen
Cistercian monastery "Maria Hof" Neudingen
Location in Baden-Württemberg

The Cistercian monastery "Maria Hof" Neudingen (1274: Capeila dicta super Curiam , 1294: Closters Ufen Hove , 1595: monastery of St. Mary at Hof ) in Neudingen was the home monastery of the counts and princes of Fürstenberg and since 1337 the burial place of this noble family.

Prehistory - the royal court

The later monastery grounds were first mentioned in a document in 772 as a place of justice. In the year 870, the future emperor Charles the Fat held court here and after his deposition also spent the last year of his life at the royal court in Neudingen, where he died in 888. Based on the documents it is assumed that Neudingen was "in Carolingian times, Dingstätte, county seat and royal palace ...".

Lay convents 1274–1307

There is no reliable information about the beginnings of the religious women's community in Neudingen. In 1274 this community was given the chapel on the site of the former royal court by Bishop Rudolf von Konstanz and the chapel was separated from the parish church in Neudingen with the consent of the church patron, Count Heinrich I von Fürstenberg . The beguines were allowed to build a house of prayer and a residential building on the site. They lived without religious rules, but under the protection and direction of the Dominicans in Rottweil.

The community sought ecclesiastical recognition and turned to the papal legate, Johannes , Bishop of Tusculum, who in 1287 instructed the prior of the Dominicans in Rottweil to give her the Augustinian rule and to carry out visitations. The community was de facto already a Dominican convent. For formal admission to the order, according to the rule, the approval of three general chapters of the order, which was granted in 1305, 1306 and 1307, was required.

Dominican Sisters 1307–1559

This monastery was also given numerous foundations, with the Counts of Fürstenberg in particular emerging as benefactors, so that they can be regarded as the actual founders. In 1337 Count Heinrich II von Fürstenberg was buried in the monastery, which from then on became the family's burial place. For a number of unmarried daughters of the Fürstenbergs and the local nobility associated with it, the monastery also represented a pension institution. The Fürstenbergers also each had the castvogtei over the monastery. During the feud between the Counts of Lupfen and the Fürstenbergers, which began in 1411, the monastery suffered from the destruction of its possessions. Around 1550 the Reformation led to a significant decrease in the number of sisters and in 1562 there was only one. The last prioress had left the monastery around 1559.

Cistercian Sisters 1561 / 84–1802

In 1561, Count Heinrich VII von Fürstenberg left the monastery to the Cistercian women from the Saint Agnes monastery in Lauingen . They were expelled there after Duke Wolfgang von Pfalz-Zweibrücken joined the Reformation. In 1573, Count Heinrich asked the abbess of the Lichtenthal monastery in Baden to send some nuns from Lichtenthal to Neudingen because the prioress who had come from Lauingen had died. The abbess, Barbara Vehus, demanded structural and legal concessions from the count before sending three nuns. After the Dominican Order renounced its rights to Neudingen Monastery in 1578, the Count gave the monastery to the Cistercians and in 1584 Pope Gregory XIII gave it to the Cistercians . his consent to the incorporation of the monastery into the Cistercian order. The abbot of the Salem monastery was appointed father abbot of the women's monastery in Neudingen. In 1591 the first abbess was appointed.

secularization

After in 1801 in the Peace Treaty of Lunéville between France and Austria large parts of the left bank of the empire were ceded to France and the empire was obliged to compensate the affected German princes, the Perpetual Diet dealt with this compensation regulation. This happened through the secularization of ecclesiastical as well as mediatization of smaller secular rulers of previous imperial estates . The Principality of Fürstenberg had not lost any areas on the left bank of the Rhine and therefore had no claim to compensation. After the princely government became aware that the monasteries on the territory of the principality were to be awarded to the Teutonic Order as part of its compensation, the principality in turn raised claims on these monasteries at the Reichstag on October 28, 1802 in order to use their income and assets socially - and finance educational institutions. It has also been claimed that the principality wanted to abolish the monasteries as early as 1786, but there is no evidence of this.

After the Teutonic Order, under the influence of its Grand Master Karl von Österreich-Teschen, waived its claims in this regard, the princely government followed up on November 2, 1802. and in its 24th session on November 6th, 1802, the extraordinary imperial deputation decided to transfer the monasteries to the principality.

In 1802, in addition to the last abbess Maria Hildegard Hafner, another 17 women belonged to the convent . On November 19, 1802, the monastery property was temporarily taken over by order of Prince Karl Joachim zu Fürstenberg . At the end of the year it was finally taken over. At that time the income from the monastery property roughly covered the expenses. The nuns received a pension graded according to their rank.

After the principality was mediatized in 1806, the Baden government wanted to withdraw the monastery assets from the Fürstenberg family and use them for the social and educational expenses of the new state, the Grand Duchy of Baden . Ultimately, however, it was waived, even though the Fürstenberg family had "as good as not carried out the plans announced by the Reich Deputation in 1802 with regard to schooling and sickness".

Since there were no more newcomers, the number of nuns (and with it the burden of pensions) steadily decreased. The last nun since 1840 died on October 2, 1852.

“Through the confiscation of the property of the Order, the Fürstenberg family came into possession of important properties and rents and was able to maintain them. His permanent profit consisted of 2100 hectares of forests and fields, which made up about a tenth part of the princely private property. ”Part of this gain was the assets of the Neudingen monastery.

Further use of the monastery area

Fürstenberg crypt church in Neudingen

In the winter of 1813/1814 the monastery buildings housed a military hospital and in the 1820s an institution for the blind. In 1852 there was also a home of the Association for the Rescue of Morally Neglected Children in the Grand Duchy of Baden in the monastery buildings . On March 23, 1852 the monastery burned down.

In 1853, Karl Egon II zu Fürstenberg had the crypt church built on the former monastery grounds . On June 23, 1853, the crypt under the new church was consecrated and then the corpses were transferred here from the crypt of the burnt down church. Under the direction of Karl Egon III. zu Fürstenberg the church was completed by 1856. The new burial place appears as a monumental central building with a dome in the Renaissance style. From 1857 to 1860 the buildings that had remained standing on the monastery grounds were laid down and a garden was laid out. Between 1871 and 1875 a garden area of ​​around 3 hectares was created around the crypt church .

literature

Web links

Wikisource: Topographia Sueviae: Neiding  - Sources and full texts

References and comments

  1. ↑ in older texts the place is called Neidingen
  2. ↑ s. Bader p. 282.
  3. ^ Georg Tumbülle: The age of the Palatinate of Neidingen. In: Writings of the Association for History and Natural History of the Baar and the adjacent parts of the country in Donaueschingen. 12. Issue 1909, Donaueschingen 1909, pp. 183-185 (online)
  4. ^ Bader p. 283.
  5. ↑ s. Tumbled p. 67.
  6. ↑ s. Tumble p. 68.
  7. ↑ Latin document printed by Riezler p. 408 (online in the Internet Archive)
  8. ↑ s. Tumbled p. 70.
  9. ↑ in Bader (pp. 300–304) there is a long list of members of the sex who are buried here
  10. ↑ s. Tumbled p. 92.
  11. ↑ s. Pia Maria Schindele: The Lichtenthal Abbey. Your relationship to the Cistercian order, to popes and bishops and to the sovereign of Baden over the centuries. In: Freiburg Diocesan Archive. Volume 105 (1985), pp. 99-102 (online at the Freiburg University Library) .
  12. ↑ Supplements to the protocols of the Extraordinary Imperial Deputation in Regensburg , Regensburg 1803, Volume 2 (Supplements CI to CC), number 173: Princely-Fürstenberg presentation, concerning the planned abolition of the 8 women's monasteries located in his countries, along with some hospices. Pp. 252–254 (online in Google Book Search)
  13. ^ Probably a gift from the House of Habsburg to the House of Fürstenberg, who were loyal to them
  14. ↑ Supplements to the protocols of the extraordinary Reichsdeputation in Regensburg , Regensburg 1803, Volume 2 (Supplements CI to CC), number 174: Princely-Fürstenberg presentation, relating to this very subject. Pp. 254–256 (online in Google Book Search)
  15. ↑ Minutes of the Extraordinary Imperial Deputation in Regensburg , Regensburg 1803, Volume 1, 24th session, § 147 Princely-Fürstenberg Presentation, concerning the domestic media monasteries. P. 489 (online in Google Book Search)
  16. ↑ a b Schmid p. 283.
  17. ↑ s. Schmid p. 295.
  18. ^ Annual report of the association
  19. ↑ badische-seiten.de see entry on Badische Seiten
  20. ↑ s. Bader p. 299.
  21. ↑ Speaker presents princely mausoleums . In: Schwäbische Zeitung from June 24, 2015
  22. ^ O. Berndt: The gardens at Donaueschingen, Wartenberg and Neidingen - their origins and development. In: Writings of the Association for History and Natural History of the Baar and the adjacent parts of the country in Donaueschingen. 12. Issue 1909, Donaueschingen 1909, pp. 63–64 (online)