Olešná u Rakovníka

Olešná
Basic data
State :	Czech Republic
Region :	Středočeský kraj
District :	Rakovník
Area :	1088.8235 ha
Geographic location :	50 ° 8 '  N , 13 ° 42'  E Coordinates: 50 ° 7 '43 "  N , 13 ° 41' 44"  E
Height:	449  m nm
Residents :	589 (Jan. 1, 2019)
Postal code :	269 ​​01
License plate :	S.
traffic
Street:	Rakovník - Nesuchyně
Railway connection:	Krupá – Kolešovice
structure
Status:	local community
Districts:	1
administration
Mayor :	Jiří Lengyel (as of 2013)
Address:	Olešná 8 269 ​​01 Rakovník 1
Municipality number:	542199
Website :	www.obec-olesna.cz
Location of Olešná in the Rakovník district

St. Martin church and bell tower

Olešná Castle

Olešná (German Woleschna ) is a municipality in the Czech Republic . It is located four kilometers northwest of Rakovník and belongs to the Okres Rakovník .

geography

Olešná is located in the Rakovnická kotlina ( Rakonitzer Kessel ) in the Rakonitzer hill country. The village lies in the shallow valley of the Olešná brook, which is dammed on the western edge of the village in the Obecní rybník pond and to the east below the village in the Olešenský rybník pond. The Blatina (407 m) rises to the southwest and the Strže (404 m) to the northwest. The station Olešná u Rakovníka the railway Krupá-Kolešovice is two and a half kilometers north of the village in the forest.

Neighboring towns are Novy Dvur , Nesuchyně and Mutějovice in the north, Krupá , Podhůrka and Lišany in the Northeast, Rozvodná, Lužná II, Čistý Rybník, Cerveny Mlyn, Hlavačov and Lužná in the east, Na Cikánce, Na Kokrdech, Rakovník and Bendovka the southeast, Zákonův Mlyn , Samota-Senomaty, Lubná and Hostokryje in the south, Senomaty and Nouzov in the south-west, Přílepský Mlýn, Přílepy and Kolešovice in the west and Kněževes and Chrášťany in the north-west.

history

The first written mention of Olešná took place on May 7, 1353, when King Charles IV owned the village belonging to the Pürglitzer fiefs together with Krupá , Bratronice and Žilina the mansionaries of the Church of St. Vitus left at Prague Castle . According to the construction books, there is evidence of a pastor since 1384. The parish later went out and was assigned to the church in Herrndorf as a branch. During the Hussite Wars , Olešná fell back to the Bohemian crown . In 1478 King Vladislav II Jagiello gave the estate to his courtier Georg von Ebersdorf, who later called himself Georg Birka von Nassidl ( Bírka z Násidle ) and in 1490 was appointed captain of the castle in Pürglitz. In 1507 he had a court with festivities laid out in Woleschna , took his seat there and acquired the title of Woleschna . In 1510 his sons inherited the estate. The brewery was founded in 1520. They sold Woleschna in 1530 to the knight Johann von Slowitz ( Jan Šlovský ze Šlovic ), who then called himself von Woleschna and died in 1573. From 1550 the Woleschna lordship, consisting of the allodial estates Woleschna and Pawlcin and the feudal estate Přilep, belonged jointly to Johann von Slowitz and his son Georg, from 1574 to the brothers Georg and Christoph von Slowitz, who also acquired the Kroschau estate . They were followed by Adam von Slowitz, who handed over the rule to his wife Katharina Rosina, nee Rensperger von Rensperg , in 1616 . A little later, Christoph Jaroslaw Kolowrat -Krakowsky acquired the rule. In the run-up to the Battle of White Mountain , there were battles near Woleschna in 1620. The lords of Kolowrat held the rule until 1671. After that, the owners often changed. From 1672 to 1678 Woleschna Ludmilla Maria Zeller von Rosenthal belonged to the Counts of Kaiserstein from 1690 to 1699. In 1700 Peter Ernst von Mollart acquired the rule by marrying Marie Ludmilla von Kaiserstein. Later, Peter Ernst and Johann Nepomuk von Mollart owned the rule together. From 1734 the latter was the sole owner, in 1741 his sister Maria Anna Countess Meraviglia inherited the property. In 1768 a parish was established again in Woleschna . In 1776 Maria Anna's widower Johann Stephan Graf Meraviglia inherited the Woleschna estate, followed three years later by his son Anton Graf Meraviglia-Crivelli. He left the rule to his wife, Eleonora née Countess von Traun, in 1808 . In 1818 her son Anton Count Meraviglia-Crivelli inherited the rule of Woleschna; he sold them in 1836 for 220,000 guilders and 500 ducats of key money to Karl Egon II zu Fürstenberg , who struck Woleschna to his united lordships and estates of Pürglitz , Kruschowitz , Nischburg , Wschetat , Skřiwan and Podmokl .

In 1843 the Woleschna estate comprised a total of 4062 yoke 106 square fathoms. The forests with an area of ​​1485 yoke 370 square fathoms were managed by the Princely Forestry Office in two forest districts, the Woleschner and Swojetiner Revier. 2621 people lived in the domain; the population was Czech-speaking, but the villages of Wetzlau, Swojetin and Johannesthal were German-speaking. The rulers managed the Maierhöfe Woleschna, Neuhof, Kroschau and Pawltschin; Shepherds also belonged to the Woleschna and Neuhof farms. The villages Woleschna, Neuhof , Kroschau , Přilep , Wetzlau ( Veclov ), Swojetin and Johannesthal as well as the Meierhof Pawltschin ( Povlčín ) belonged to the Woleschna rule . The village of Woleschna , located on Alte Karlsbader Strasse, consisted of 69 houses with 709 inhabitants. The parish church of St. Martin. There was also an official castle, a school, a brewery, a brandy house, a farm with sheep, a forester's house and an inn. Woleschna was the pastor for Neuhof. Until the middle of the 19th century, Woleschna was the official village of the allodial estate Woleschna attached to the rule of Pürglitz .

After the abolition of patrimonial Olešná / Woleschna formed a municipality in the district and judicial district of Rakonitz from 1850 . In the same year the brewery was shut down and a distillery was set up in its building. After the death of Karl Egon II zu Fürstenberg in 1854, his second-born son Max Egon I inherited the Pürglitzer estates. In 1918 the Fürstenberg family sold the Olešná chateau and manor to the town of Rakovník . In 1932 there were 674 people living in Olešná. During the Great Depression, the town of Rakovník sold the Olešná castle and manor, without the forests, in 1934 to the general manager of Česká uhelná společnost sro, Karel Galler.

Community structure

No districts are shown for the municipality of Olešná.

Attractions

• Baroque Church of St. Martin, the Gothic structure built in the 14th century was changed to Baroque style in the 18th century. In the church are the tombs of the Knights of Slowitz. There is a stone bell tower next to the church.
• Olešná Castle, it was built for Johann von Slowitz from the fortress built in 1507 and was redesigned in baroque style between 1750 and 1760 under Maria Anna Countess Meraviglia. Johann Stephan Graf Meraviglia had the French park laid out. After the sovereignty was bought by the princes of Fürstenberg , the castle lost its importance as a manor in the middle of the 19th century. The east wing then served as the estate manager's apartment, the remaining part as a hop store and accommodation for the hop pickers. In 1948 the chateau was nationalized and the Okres Rakovník machine-tractor station was established. The ruined castle with the ruinous farm yard is now again in the possession of the Galler's heirs and is not accessible. Since February 2013 it has been offered for sale for 5 million crowns.
• Baroque statue of St. Josef southeast of the village, created in the 1st half of the 18th century
• Baroque statue of St. John of Nepomuk on the church, created in the 1st half of the 18th century
• Baroque column with a group of figures Pieta
• Baroque statue of the Virgin Mary with baby Jesus, northwest of Olešná
• Červená louka nature reserve, moorland and wetland meadows east of Olešná on the lower reaches of the stream of the same name
• Tankodrom nature reserve, south of the village
• Remains of the Hlavačov castle , east of Olešná above the valley of the Lišanský potok

Web links

• History of Olešná
• Description of the castle

Individual evidence

1. ↑ http://www.uir.cz/obec/542199/Olesna
2. ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
3. ↑ Johann Gottfried Sommer : The Kingdom of Bohemia. Represented statistically and topographically. Volume 13: Rakonitz Circle. Calve, Prague 1845, pp. 259-260.
4. ↑ Johann Gottfried Sommer: The Kingdom of Bohemia. Represented statistically and topographically. Volume 13: Rakonitz Circle. Calve, Prague 1845, pp. 261-271.
5. ^ ^{A b} Johann Gottfried Sommer: The Kingdom of Bohemia. Represented statistically and topographically. Volume 13: Rakonitz Circle. Calve, Prague 1845, p. 293.
6. ↑ Sales offer  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.