Kolešovice

Kolešovice
Basic data
State :	Czech Republic
Region :	Středočeský kraj
District :	Rakovník
Area :	1534.4225 ha
Geographic location :	50 ° 8 ′  N , 13 ° 37 ′  E Coordinates: 50 ° 8 ′ 21 ″  N , 13 ° 36 ′ 40 ″  E
Height:	376  m nm
Residents :	824 (Jan. 1, 2019)
Postal code :	270 02
License plate :	S.
traffic
Street:	Hořesedly - Pšovlky
Railway connection:	Krupá – Kolešovice
structure
Status:	local community
Districts:	3
administration
Mayor :	Martin Dvořák (as of 2013)
Address:	Kolešovice 212 270 02 Kolešovice
Municipality number:	541893
Website :	www.kolesovice.cz
Location of Kolešovice in the Rakovník district

School (1891), photo by Rudolf Brunner

Kolešovice (German Koleschowitz , formerly Kolleschowitz ) is a municipality in the Czech Republic . It is located ten kilometers northwest of Rakovník and belongs to the Okres Rakovník .

geography

Kolešovice is located in the Rakovnická kotlina ( Rakonitzer Basin ) in the Rakonitzer hill country. The village lies in the shallow valley of the Kolešovický creek, into which the Keblanský potok and below the Hájevský potok flow above the town. On the western edge of the village is the Zámecký rybník pond. The Ptačí vrch ( Vogelherd , 431 m) rises to the southwest, the Šmikouský vrch ( Schmiker Berg , 438 m) to the west and the Na Vyhlídce ( Roter Hübl , 426 m) to the northwest . The place is the end of the railway line Krupá – Kolešovice .

Neighboring towns are Nová Ves, Hořesedly and Veclov in the north, Rozkoš and Kněževes in the Northeast, Chrášťany and Olešná the east, Rakovník and Přílepy the southeast, Nouzov, Senomaty , Mateska, Vinice, Šanov and Pšovlky in the south, Švihov , Oráčov and Čížkov in southwest , Keblany, Zderaz and Šmikousy in the west and Hořovičky , Heřmanov , Hokov and Děkov in the northwest.

history

The first written mention of Kollessowicz was in 1318 in connection with Woyslay de Kollessowicz . As the subsequent owner from the Vladiken family of Kollessowicz, Przech de Kollessowicz is documented in 1325, who together with his brother Burghard von Flöhau acquired the goods Vysoká Libyně and Děkov . Vaněk and Peček von Kollessowicz owned the estate until 1363, when they sold it to Otto von Chrášťany. In 1372 Racek von Kollessowicz owned the estate. It is assumed that the fortress was built in the times of the Vladiken von Kollessowicz, but it has only been documented in writing since 1421. There is evidence of a parish church in Kollessowicz since 1384 . In 1396 the lords of Kolowrat bought the Kolešovice estate; In 1445 they gave it to their lordship in Krakovec . The brewery probably originated at the end of the 15th century. In the first half of the 16th century the Kolowrat family ran the Kolešovice estate. In 1541 Hieronymus the Elder bought Ä. Hrobschitzky von Hrobschitz bought the over-indebted estate and had the fortress rebuilt into a renaissance castle. In 1571 his son Havel inherited the property. He managed Kolešovice together with his five sons with success and was able to acquire further goods until 1618. After the Battle of the White Mountain , the goods of Zdislav Havel Hrobschitzky were confiscated and Kolešovice together with Hořesedly and Újezdec ( Nouzov ) were sold to the imperial courtier Hans Münch von Arzberg in 1623. During the Thirty Years' War the parish in Kolleschowitz became extinct and its district was attached to the parish of Dekau . In 1653 the local builder Hoffmann built a new brewhouse for the brewery. Hans von Nostitz-Rieneck acquired the property through marriage to Münch's daughter, followed by his second wife Anna Margarethe, née Bechinie von Lazan, and after 1678 their son, Hermann Joachim Graf von Nostitz-Rieneck. In 1694 his only son, Johann Ferdinand, inherited the paternal estates of Černoc and Kolleschowitz. His marriage to Barbara Countess von der Berghe remained childless, so that with his death in 1717 the Rakonitz line of Count Nostitz-Rieneck died out. The estate administrator sold the Újezdec estate to Paul Rensperger von Rensperg in 1717 . The goods Černoc and Kolleschowitz finally fell to Wenzel Johann von Nostitz-Rieneck, who sold Koleschowitz in 1724 to Georg Olivier von Wallis . He had already acquired the Hokau estate in 1716 and the Dekau estate the following year. In 1731 Georg Olivier bought the over-indebted Gut Hoch-Libin . In the following year, he acquired the Petrowitz , Senetz and Nausowa ( Nouzov ) estates from Princess Maria Anna zu Fürstenberg and combined them to form a Petrowitz estate. Georg Olivier merged the Dekau, Kolleschowitz and Hokau estates in 1744 to form the Koleschowitz rule and declared it to be a family entourage . 1745 inherited the property from his underage son Stephan Olivier von Wallis , who was under the tutelage of Wenzel Ignaz von Haymerle until 1760. Stephan Olivier united the allodial estate Petrowitz in economic and political administration with the rule of Kolleschowitz. He had a tree nursery set up and 40,000 fruit trees grown there. He had orchards planted around the Meierhöfe and fruit tree avenues planted along the streets and paths. At the same time, he invested in coal mining, most of the coal mines were operated by the rulers themselves. Stephan Olivier had the Robot relieved through cash benefits . In 1832 Stephans Olivier's son Rudolf Olivier Graf von Wallis inherited the property, followed in 1838 by his son Friedrich Olivier Graf von Wallis. In 1840 he had the brewery modernized.

In 1843 the Fideikommissherrschaft Koleschowitz with Petrowitz comprised a total usable area of ​​11,328 yokes. Of this, the Koleschowitz dominion accounted for 2622 yokes 595 square fathers, the Hokau estate 2971 yokes 911 square fathers, the Petrowitz estate 3374 yokes 449 square fathers, the Senetz 677 yokes 648 square fathers, the Nausowa 315 yokes 491 square fathers and 1368 yokes the Dekau estate. 6026 people lived in the entire area, including 31 Jewish families. The Fideikommiss Koleschowitz had 2632 predominantly German-speaking inhabitants, the Allodialgut Petrowitz 3394 predominantly Czech-speaking inhabitants. The main sources of income were agriculture, coal mining, handicrafts, trade and tar distillery. The rule managed the six Maierhöfe Koleschowitz, Horosedl , Geblan ( Keblany ), Žižka-Hof ( Čížkov ), Dekau and Petrowitz, which with the exception of Petrowitz also included sheep farms. The four Meierhöfe Hokau, Wilkau ( Vlkov ), Hermannsdorf and Woratschen were leased; another five in Neuhof ( Novy Dvur ), Zdiar ( Žďáry ) Příčina , Senetz and Nausowa emphyteutisiert . The forests covered an area of ​​3,151 yoke and were managed by the five forest districts Koleschowitz, Wilkau, Petrowitz, Woratschen and Senetz. The Koleschowitz pheasant garden was abandoned. The Heiligenbrunn spa existed in Petrowitz. At Petrowitz, hard coal was mined in six mines; three other pits existed at Hostokreg ( Hostokryje ) and two at Senetz. The mining was partly operated by the rule of tenants, partly by the barons Hildprandt von und zu Ottenhausen auf Slabetz , the princes of Fürstenberg auf Pürglitz and unionized. The largest companies in Koleschowitz were the kk priv. Bohemian state factory for Rosoglio by Leopold Straß and the vitriol oil factory belonging to the same. In Hostokreg, Joseph Rikard ran another vitriol oil factory. The villages Koleschowitz, Horosedl , Hermannsdorf , Dekau , Wilkau ( Vlkov ), Neudorf ( Nová Ves ), Hokau , Woratschen and Döreisen ( Zderaz ) belonged to the Koleschowitz rule ; the villages Petrowitz , Schanowa , Neuhof ( Nový Dvůr ), Seywedel , Zdiar ( Žďáry ), Pričina , Senetz , Hostokreg ( Hostokryje ) and Nausowa ( Nouzov ) to the attached Gut Petrowitz .

The village Koleschowitz / Kolessowice , located on Alte Karlsbader Straße, consisted of 99 houses with 666 German-speaking residents, including three Jewish families. The parish church stood under the authority of the hll. Apostles Peter and Paul, the parish and the school. There was also an aristocratic castle with the apartment and the office of the bailiff as well as a large orchard and art garden, the Dominical Geblan Meierhof with sheep, a Dominical brewery, a Dominical brandy house with potash boiling, a Dominical hunter's house, an inn and two mills. The official Hegerhaus Pusch was on the side. Koleschowitz was the pastor for Horosedl and Hermannsdorf. Until the middle of the 19th century, Koleschowitz was the official village of the Fideikommissherrschaft Koleschowitz including the allodial property Petrowitz.

After the abolition of patrimonial formed Koleschowitz / Kolešovice 1850 with the hamlet Hermannsdorf a municipality in the district Saaz and judicial district Jechnitz. During this time a change from arable and fruit growing to hops began, which soon became the focus of agriculture. The brewery of the Counts of Wallis successfully competed against the neighboring breweries in Petersburg and Kruschowitz . The economic boom meant that Koleschowitz was elevated to a town. It is not known when this happened exactly. For the first time, a designation as a town is documented in 1857. In 1868 Kolleschowitz was assigned to the Podersam district . In the same year a sugar factory was built south of the town. In 1873 the property of Count Friedrich Olivier von Wallis was divided among his seven sons, while the Kolleschowitz estate was given to Count Karl von Wallis. With his brother Friedrich von Wallis on Hoch-Libin , he founded a company to jointly manage the Kolleschowitz and Hoch-Libin estates, which had to file for bankruptcy in 1881. The Krupa-Kolleschowitz local train started operating in 1883 after a year-long construction; the station was built near the sugar factory. At the end of the 19th century, Friedrich Olivier von Wallis transferred the brewery to tenants. The sugar factory burned down in 1909. In its place, a factory for animal feed production from hops started operations in 1910, which shortly afterwards also burned down as a result of the self-ignition of the biomass. Only the administration building, which today serves as a residential building, remained. The brewery ceased operations in 1921 and served as the defeat of the Krušovice brewery from 1925 . Until 1926, lemonades and soda water were still produced in the former brewery. The ruins of the sugar and feed factory were officially released for demolition in 1925 as building material for house construction, the 52 m high chimney was blown up in 1929. In 1930 there were 1501 people in Koleschowitz, including Hermannsdorf; In 1932 it was 1482. After the Munich Agreement , Koleschowitz was added to the German Reich in 1938 and belonged to the Podersam district until 1945 . In 1939 the market had 1,176 inhabitants. After the end of World War II, Kolešovice came back to Czechoslovakia and the German-speaking residents were expelled . Okres Podbořany was abolished in 1960, since then Kolešovice has belonged to Okres Rakovník . In 1961 Zderaz was incorporated. Passenger traffic by train on the railway line Krupá-Kolešovice was discontinued in late 2006, since then the track is used for train rides Museum of Railway Museum lužná utilized.

Kolešovice is a traditional hop growing area and is surrounded by numerous hop fields.

Community structure

The municipality Kolešovice consists of the districts Heřmanov ( Hermannsdorf ), Kolešovice ( Koleschowitz ) and Zderaz ( Dereisen ). The municipality is divided into the cadastral districts of Kolešovice and Zderaz u Kolešovic. Kolešovice also includes the single-layer Keblany ( Geblan ).

Attractions

Koleschowitz Castle

• Baroque church of St. Peter and Paul, built 1706–1708 under Johann Ferdinand von Nostitz instead of a previous building from the 14th century. Georg Olivier von Wallis had the church enlarged in 1730 and the tower with sacristy and oratory added . He donated a copy of the miraculous image of St. Madonna della Lettera, which he had made by an Italian master during his time as imperial governor in Messina . Then he had the feast of the Letter of Mary celebrated every three years on June 3 in Kolleschowitz . His widow Maria Theresia, née Countess Kinsky , had a pastor reinstated in Kolleschowitz in 1762.
• Kolešovice Castle, the complex consists of two castles. It is surrounded to the west by an extensive English park with a castle pond ( Zámecký rybník ). The old castle was built in the middle of the 16th century for Hieronymus Hrobschitzky von Hrobschitz, who had the old fortress transformed into a renaissance castle. Johann Ferdinand von Nostitz began the baroque redesign of the palace in 1717. Georg Olivier von Wallis completed the renovation and made the castle his retirement home. He furnished it with paintings by Italian masters and had an extensive library built. In the 19th century, Stefan Olivier von Wallis had the New Palace built next to it in neo-Renaissance style and an English landscape garden laid out, which served as the family's residence. In 1946 the Wallis family was expropriated and their property was nationalized. A renovation took place between 1953 and 1954. The listed castles are now used as retirement homes. The devastated park is to be restored.
• Former rectory, baroque building from 1731
• Statue of St. Sebastian, created in 1717, it originally stood on the village square in front of the palace area, after the restoration it was moved to the church
• Statue of St. Wenceslas in the lower village square, on the right of the road to Pšovlky. The coat of arms of the Counts of Valais is located on the massive base
• Statue of St. Florian on the upper village square on the right of the road to Heřmanov. What is left is a torso without a head or arms.
• Chapel of St. John of Nepomuk at the fork in the road in Keblany, built in 1830
• Chapel of St. John of Nepomuk in Zderaz
• Synagogue in Zderaz
• Jewish cemetery in the fields between Zderaz and Čížkov
• Chapel in Heřmanov
• Museum railway line Kolešovka

Web links

Commons : Kolešovice  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

• Derivation and description of the coat of arms
• Location description on rakovnickesudety.cz
• History of Kolešovice (quite flawed)

Individual evidence

1. ↑ http://www.uir.cz/obec/541893/Kolesovice
2. ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
3. ↑ Johann Gottfried Sommer : The Kingdom of Bohemia. Represented statistically and topographically. Volume 13: Rakonitz Circle. Calve, Prague 1845, pp. 30-31.
4. ↑ Johann Gottfried Sommer: The Kingdom of Bohemia. Represented statistically and topographically. Volume 13: Rakonitz Circle. Calve, Prague 1845, pp. 31-38.
5. ↑ Johann Gottfried Sommer: The Kingdom of Bohemia. Represented statistically and topographically. Volume 13: Rakonitz Circle. Calve, Prague 1845, p. 35.
6. ^ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Podersam district (Czech: Podborany). (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006). 
7. ↑ http://www.uir.cz/casti-obce-obec/541893/Obec-Kolesovice
8. ↑ http://www.uir.cz/katastralni-uzemi-obec/541893/Obec-Kolesovice