Chrášťany u Rakovníka

Chrášťany
Basic data
State :	Czech Republic
Region :	Středočeský kraj
District :	Rakovník
Area :	1014.3896 ha
Geographic location :	50 ° 9 '  N , 13 ° 40'  E Coordinates: 50 ° 8 '46 "  N , 13 ° 39' 57"  E
Height:	385  m nm
Residents :	677 (Jan. 1, 2019)
Postal code :	270 01
License plate :	S.
traffic
Street:	Rakovník - Nesuchyně
Railway connection:	Rakovník – Louny Krupá – Kolešovice
structure
Status:	local community
Districts:	2
administration
Mayor :	Jana Tlapáková (as of 2013)
Address:	Chrášťany 31 270 01 Kněževes u Rakovníka
Municipality number:	541818
Website :	www.chrastanyurakovnika.cz
Location of Chrášťany in the Rakovník district

The village square

Chrášťany (German Kroschau , 1939–45 Kraschau ) is a municipality in the Czech Republic . It is located seven kilometers northwest of Rakovník and belongs to the Okres Rakovník .

geography

Chrášťany is located in the Rakovnická kotlina ( Rakonitzer Kessel ) in the Rakonitzer hill country. The Kozlov (411 m) rises to the northeast and the Strže (404 m) to the southeast. The railway lines Rakovník – Louny and Krupá – Kolešovice cross at the north-western end of the village .

Neighboring towns are Povlčín, Milostín and Novy Dvur in the north, Krupá in the Northeast, Bory, Lišany and Ovčín the east, Lužná , Rozvodná and Olešná the southeast, Zákonův Mlyn, Samota-Senomaty, Senomaty and Nouzov in the south, Přílepský Mlyn and Přílepy in the southwest , Kněževes in the west and Hořesedly , Veclov, Rozkoš and Svojetín in the north-west.

history

Archaeological finds prove a settlement of the municipality area since the 6th millennium BC. These include, among other things, Bronze Age body graves and Roman coins with the portrait of Julia .

The first written mention of the Kraschan estate belonging to the Pürglitzer fiefs took place in 1295 in connection with a Unka de Kraschan. According to the feudal system introduced by King Ottokar II. Přemysl to guarantee the protection of the Křivoklát castle, the free subjects were obliged to defend the castle or had to provide other services. Several vassals were enfeoffed with Kraschan ; the owner of one share was obliged to appear prepared on Křivoklát at the request of the burgrave and to stay there as long as the ruler ordered. In 1478 King gave Vladislav II. Jagiello the feud Kraschan together with the Good Woleschna inherited his courtier George of Ebersdorf who later George Birka of Nassidl ( Birka z Násidle called) and was appointed captain of the castle Pürglitzer 1490th In 1507 he had a court with festivities laid out in Woleschna , took his seat there and acquired the title of Woleschna . In 1510 his sons inherited the estate. They sold Woleschna and Kraschan in 1530 to the knight Johann von Slowitz ( Jan Šlovský ze Šlovic ), who later called himself von Woleschna and died in 1573. From 1550 the Woleschna rule belonged jointly to Johann von Slowitz and his son Georg, in 1574 the brothers Georg and Christoph von Slowitz added the Chrášáany fiefdom to the Woleschna rule . They were followed by Adam von Slowitz, who handed over the rule of Woleschna in 1616 to his wife Katharina Rosina, née Rensperger von Rensperg . A little later, Christoph Jaroslaw Kolowrat -Krakowsky acquired the rule. The lords of Kolowrat held the rule until 1671. After that, the owners often changed. From 1672 to 1678 the rule belonged to Ludmilla Maria Zeller von Rosenthal and from 1690 to Helfried Freiherr von Kaiserstein. Between 1690 and 1692 he had a new Meierhof built near Kroschau , which was named Neuhof . In 1700 Peter Ernst von Mollart acquired the rule by marrying Marie Ludmilla von Kaiserstein. Later, Peter Ernst and Johann Nepomuk von Mollart owned the rule together. From 1734 the latter was the sole owner, in 1741 his sister Maria Anna Countess Meraviglia inherited the property. In 1776 Maria Anna's widower Johann Stephan Graf Meraviglia inherited the Woleschna estate, followed three years later by his son Anton Graf Meraviglia-Crivelli. He had a village with six chalets built near Neuhof. In 1802, an angle school was set up in Kroschau , and lessons were held at different locations. In 1808 Anton Count Meraviglia-Crivelli left the rule to his wife, Eleonora née Countess von Traun . In 1818 her son Count Anton Meraviglia-Crivelli inherited the Woleschna reign. In 1833 he supported the construction of a school building with 400 guilders. Count Anton Meraviglia-Crivelli sold the rule in 1836 for 220,000 guilders and 500 ducats of key money to Karl Egon II zu Fürstenberg , who slammed Woleschna to his united dominions and estates of Pürglitz , Kruschowitz , Nischburg , Wschetat , Skřiwan and Podmokl .

In 1843 the village of Kroschau / Chrassťian , located on Alte Karlsbader Strasse, consisted of 71 houses with 582 inhabitants. In the village there was a school under the patronage of the community, a farm and an inn. The parish was Herrndorf . Until the mid-19th century was Kroschau the the rule Křivoklát connected landtäfligen servants allodial Woleschna.

After the abolition of patrimonial formed Chrášťan / Kroschau 1850 with the hamlet of Novy Dvur / Neuhof a municipality in the county and judicial district Rakonitz. After the death of Karl Egon II zu Fürstenberg in 1854, his second-born son Max Egon I inherited the Pürglitzer estates. In 1883 the village received a railway connection with the Krupá – Kolešovice railway line. In the same year the volunteer fire brigade was formed. In 1896 the new cemetery was laid out. Between 1902 and 1904 another railway connection was built near Chrášťany with the Rakovník – Louny railway line. In 1918 the Fürstenberg family sold the Olešná chateau and manor to the town of Rakovník . In 1932 there were 1050 people in Chrášťany with Nový Dvůr. On September 18, 1938, gendarme Josef Falber, who was shot at the German border near Schwaderbach , was buried in the cemetery, attended by 6,000 mourners. A little later, as a result of the Munich Agreement, the German border was moved to the neighboring Kněževes . During the German occupation of the "remaining Czech Republic" , the Jewish trader Emil Landa had to go to Kladno station with his wife Anna and daughter Irene on February 18, 1942 , from where they were transported to Auschwitz; the entire family was murdered there. On March 7, 1945, a death march of around 2500 emaciated prisoners passed the village, and others followed. In the last days of the Second World War, the volunteer patrol from Chrášťany captured a German flak on May 9, 1945 and arrested Rudolf Vlček from Kladno, a Gestapo member involved in the Lidice massacre, near Nový Dvůr . The Red Army occupied the village the next day. Regular traffic on the Krupá – Kolešovice railway line was discontinued in 2006, and since then the line has served as a museum railway. Chrášťany is one of the hops growing centers in Okres Rakovník today.

Community structure

The municipality Chrášťany consists of the districts Chrášťany ( Kroschau ) and Nový Dvůr ( Neuhof ). Chrášťany also includes the single-layer Bory.

Attractions

• Chapel of St. Barbara, built 1856–1916 in place of a dilapidated previous building. The construction period of over 60 years was due to the lack of money, which had repeatedly led to longer interruptions in construction. The chapel was renovated between 2005 and 2006.
• Statue of St. Isidore at the school, the figure created in 1717 at the expense of the community was restored in 1832, including the base. It is considered a cultural monument.
• Statue of St. Rosario, east of Chrášťany at the junction with the Kolešovice-Krupá railway line, was created in 1714
• Statue of St. Alois at the Barbarakapelle, it was also created in the first half of the 18th century. The coats of arms of Joseph Anton von Mollart and his wife Maria Aloisia von Lamberg are on the base. It is considered a cultural monument.
• Statue of St. Prokop from 1721, at the cemetery. The base inscription Nelekej se nikdy zlého - důvěřujte v Boha svého - neboť mocnou rukou brání před žihutím hromu uchrání ( Evil will not frighten anyone who trusts God and is protected from the din of hell by his mighty hand ) was added in 1821 during a restoration. When the new cemetery was built in 1896, the figure of the devil chained to the artwork was found to be too ugly and removed. The statue is protected as a cultural monument.
• Bell tower in the school garden in the lower village
• Cross on the road from Chrášťany to Kněževes, donated in 1882 by the stonemason Miler.
• Schoolhouse in Chrášťany, built in 1833
• Memorial to those who fell in World War I, unveiled in 1923. It was restored in 2008.
• Jan Hus memorial from 1915. It was restored in 2008.
• Cross with a picture of a saint in Bory, the cross commemorates the 16-year-old Heger's daughter Maruška Šnoblová, who was struck by lightning on July 13, 1903.
• Rudolf Radda Cross on the road to Olešná, it was erected in 1819 by his parents to thank him for the recovery of the person who was critically injured at this point when he fell from his horse
• Josef Kounovský's birth house
• Cemetery with grave of Josef Falber

Sons and daughters of the church

• Josef Gregor (1855–1927), amateur archaeologist and monument protector
• Josef Donát (1858–1937), electrical engineer and inventor of the electrically regulated arc lamp
• Josef Kounovský (1878–1949), mathematician
• Josef Falber (1911–1938), the sergeant of the Czechoslovak Gendarmerie, was shot on September 13, 1938 during an evacuation operation by Czechoslovak customs officers from the Schwaderbach customs house occupied by the German Security Service and buried five days later in Chrášťany. 6000 people attended the funeral service.

Web links

• History of Chrášťany

Individual evidence

1. ↑ http://www.uir.cz/obec/541818/Chrastany
2. ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
3. ↑ Johann Gottfried Sommer : The Kingdom of Bohemia. Represented statistically and topographically. Volume 13: Rakonitz Circle. Calve, Prague 1845, pp. 259-260.
4. ↑ Johann Gottfried Sommer: The Kingdom of Bohemia. Represented statistically and topographically. Volume 13: Rakonitz Circle. Calve, Prague 1845, p. 293.
5. ↑ http://www.uir.cz/casti-obce-obec/541818/Obec-Chrastany