Břežany u Rakovníka

Břežany
Basic data
State :	Czech Republic
Region :	Středočeský kraj
District :	Rakovník
Area :	787.6173 ha
Geographic location :	50 ° 0 ′  N , 13 ° 35 ′  E Coordinates: 50 ° 0 ′ 22 ″  N , 13 ° 35 ′ 0 ″  E
Height:	442  m nm
Residents :	132 (Jan. 1, 2019)
Postal code :	270 34
License plate :	P
traffic
Street:	Čistá - Kožlany
structure
Status:	local community
Districts:	1
administration
Mayor :	Pavel Škrle (as of 2013)
Address:	Břežany 53 270 34 Čistá u Rakovníka
Municipality number:	565041
Website :	www.obecbrezany.cz
Location of Břežany in the Rakovník district

Břežany (German Breschan ) is a municipality in the Czech Republic . It is located eight kilometers northeast of Kralovice and belongs to the Okres Rakovník .

geography

Břežany is located in the Kralovická pahorkatina ( Kralovická pahorkatina ) on a terrace above the valleys of the Břežanský potok and Čistecký potok, which merge with the Javornice to the south and south-east of the village. The Jesenicko Nature Park extends to the northwest, and the Křivoklátsko Protected Landscape Area to the east ; Angerbach castle ruins are to the southwest . The Velký Kopec (472 m) rises to the northeast, the V Hlínách (458 m) to the south and the Holubí vrch (509 m) to the northwest. The state road II / 229 runs between Kralovice and Rakovník to the west of Břežany .

Neighboring towns are Čistá , Šípská Hájovna and Všesulov in the north, Bělbožice, Šípy , Jankovic Mlyn and Rousínov in the Northeast, Svinařov and Milíčov the east, Uhrovič Mlyn, Lhota, Slatina , Březsko and Chříč the southeast, Holovousy , Všehrdy , Cukrovic Mlyn and Hedčany in South, Hedečko, Dřevec, Kožlany and V Cihelně in the southwest, Pod Skalkou, Hradecko and V Tišině in the west and Valcha, Nad Mostem, Strachovice, V Lukách, Zátiší and Kůzová in the northwest.

history

Břežany probably arose in the middle of the 11th century during the internal colonization of Bohemia under Duke Břetislav I. In 1039, he besieged the Piast Castle Gradec ( Hedč in Czech ) during his second raid to Poland . After the castle was captured, the inhabitants of the area who fled there placed themselves under the protection of Břetislav, who took them with their cattle to Bohemia and settled some of them in the Černý les forest near Kralovice . The Hedčané were free settlers until the beginning of the 13th century, in 1229 their 25 villages were placed under the Křivoklát Castle . The place was laid out as a square village around a large village green.

Břežany was first mentioned in writing in 1414 when Jan Hus preached in the Church of St. Margaret during his stay at Krakovec Castle . The village was destroyed during the Hussite Wars . Since the 15th century the Břežany and Hedečko estates belonged to the Kolowrat -Krakowsky. In 1566 the St. Vitus Chapter acquired the Břežany Manor at Prague Castle and united it with Tschistay . During the Thirty Years' War the area was devastated several times, the last time in 1640 by the imperial general Wenceslaus Zahrádecký von Zahrádka . In 1650 half of the village was still desolate. On April 24, 1713, Wenceslaus Josef Lažanský from Bukowa on Manetin bought the Tschistay manor from the St. Vitus Cathedral Chapter in Prague and added it to his recently acquired rule of Křič . At that time the village consisted of seven farms and had 51 residents. In 1715 Wenzel Josef's widow Marie Gabriele and his sons Maximilian Wenzel and Karl Josef Lažanský inherited the property. The reign of Křič remained in the possession of the widow, who died in 1758 as superior of the imperial monastery of noble ladies in the New Town of Prague and left half of the indebted rule to the monastery. The other half was subhasted at the request of their creditors; However, since there was no interested party, it fell to the Lažanský heirs, who sold it to the Fräuleinstift in 1764, which later received the name kk Freiweltadeliges Damenstift to the holy angels in the old town of Prague . During the Josephine reforms in 1787 the rule was attached to the Prague Theresianum, in 1791 it returned to the women's monastery. This had a contribution store built on the village square in 1797. In the corridor V Rudárně iron ore was mined that in the Ironworks Plas was rendered.

In 1843 Břežan or Břežaný consisted of 52 houses with 388 inhabitants. In the village there was the branch church of St. Margarethe, in which services were held every four weeks, as well as a parish bulk floor and an inn. Apart from that, there was the Hedečko ranch, including a sheep farm. The parish for Břežan was Tschistay , Hedečko was parish in Kožlan . Until the middle of the 19th century, Břežan remained subject to the Křič rule.

After the abolition of patrimonial formed Břežany / Brezan 1850 with the hamlet Hedecko a municipality in the county and judicial district Kralowitz. The iron ore mine was shut down in the 1860s. The village school was inaugurated in 1868. In 1906, the Freiwelt noble ladies' monastery to the holy angels sold the manor Chříč Stephan von Götzendorf-Grabowski, who sold it to Gustav Fischer in 1910. The following year Karel Černohorský bought the goods. Then the owners changed in quick succession. The iron ore mine was resumed in 1912, but operations were soon closed due to the inadequate iron content of the ores. In 1932 Břežany had 270 inhabitants. The following year, Břežany was electrified. In 1949 the village was transferred to the newly formed Okres Plasy. After the Okres Plasy was abolished, Břežany was assigned to the Okres Rakovník in 1960. After 100 years, the school in Břežany was closed in 1968 due to insufficient student numbers. On January 1, 1980, it was incorporated into Čistá . Břežany broke away from Čistá on November 24, 1990 and formed its own municipality. Břežany has been a member of the Čistá-Senomaty microregion since 1999.

Community structure

No districts are shown for the municipality of Břežany. Břežany consists of the basic settlement units Břežany ( Breschan ) and Hedečko ( Hedecko ). Břežany also includes the V Cihelně and Valcha layers.

Attractions

• Church of St. Margarethe on the village square, it was built in the 1st half of the 14th century. During the Hussite Wars the church was ruined and rebuilt in 1560. It was destroyed again in the Thirty Years War, and in 1630 it was described as a burned-out ruin. The baroque reconstruction started in 1727. The church was protected as a national cultural monument.
• Two-story contribution store on the village square, built in 1797, it is to be used as a local museum in the future
• Memorial stone for those who fell in World War I, unveiled in 1938
• Statue of St. John of Nepomuk at the entrance to the cemetery, built in 1884.

Sons and daughters of the church

• Josef Vlastimil Fürst (1898–1965), writer, playwright and translator

Web links

• History of Břežany

Individual evidence

1. ↑ http://www.uir.cz/obec/565041/Brezany
2. ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
3. ^ Emil Komárek: The Polish colony of the Hedčané in Bohemia, at the same time a contribution to Kosma's life story. In: Treatises of the Royal. Bohemian Society of Sciences. Episode 6, Vol. 2, 1868, ZDB -ID 210026-5 , separate count, ( digitized ).
4. ↑ Johann Gottfried Sommer : The Kingdom of Bohemia. Represented statistically and topographically. Volume 13: Rakonitz Circle. Calve, Prague 1845, pp. 19-20.
5. ↑ Johann Gottfried Sommer: The Kingdom of Bohemia. Represented statistically and topographically. Volume 13: Rakonitz Circle. Calve, Prague 1845, p. 25.
6. ↑ http://www.uir.cz/zsj-obec/565041/Obec-Brezany