Svojetín

Svojetín
Basic data
State :	Czech Republic
Region :	Středočeský kraj
District :	Rakovník
Area :	882.5645 ha
Geographic location :	50 ° 11 '  N , 13 ° 37'  E Coordinates: 50 ° 11 '25 "  N , 13 ° 37' 7"  E
Height:	400  m nm
Residents :	346 (Jan. 1, 2019)
Postal code :	270 04
License plate :	S.
traffic
Street:	Rakovník - Žatec
Railway connection:	Rakovník – Louny
structure
Status:	local community
Districts:	2
administration
Mayor :	Josef Vrba (as of 2013)
Address:	Svojetín 20 270 04 Svojetín
Municipality number:	542458
Website :	www.svojetin.cz
Location of Svojetín in the Rakovník district

St. Martin church and bell tower

Olešná Castle

Svojetín (German Swojetin ) is a municipality in the Czech Republic . It is located 13 kilometers northwest of Rakovník and belongs to the Okres Rakovník .

geography

Svojetín is located in the Rakonitz hill country at the transition from the Kryrská pahorkatina (Warren hill country ) to the Rakovnická kotlina ( Rakonitz basin ). The village is located on the right bank of the Černocký potok. The Džbán Nature Park extends to the north. The Na Rovinách (431 m) rises to the east, the Kamenný vrch (410 m) and the Cikán (437 m) to the south, the Červený vršek (422 m) to the south-west, the Červený vrch (397 m) and the Dubina ( 399 m) and northwest of the Černocký vrch (420 m). The state road II / 227 between Rakovník and Žatec leads through Svojetín , from which the II / 221 branches off to Podbořany . The railway line Rakovník – Louny runs on the eastern edge of the village, while the Svojetín station is northeast of the village in an open field.

Neighboring towns are Nová Hospoda, Nedvídkov, Sádek, Deštnice and Nečemice in the north, Janov and Kounov in the Northeast, Povlčín and Milostín the east, Krupá , Nesuchyně , V Kozlové, Novy Dvur and Chrášťany the southeast, Rozkoš, Kněževes , Veclov and Hořesedly south , Heřmanov , Hokov , Nová Ves and Děkov in the southwest, Vlkov in the west and Malá Černoc and Velká Černoc in the northwest.

history

Archaeological finds behind house no. 59, including a stone ax, show settlement in the Neolithic Age .

According to popular tradition, after the Slavic conquest, a Svojata on the border of the tribal area of ​​the Přemyslids with that of the aggressive Lutschanen built a fortress, under whose protection the village was created.

The first written mention of Svojetín was in 1250 in a certificate of ownership from Pope Innocent IV for the Cistercian monastery Plasy . However, Svojetín did not belong to the monastery and was a free village. In 1318 a Jenec from Svojetín is mentioned as the owner. At the end of the 14th century, the Wenceslas Manor, called Klečka von Svojetín, and his wife Anna von Janowitz belonged to them . Their son Wenzel Klečka the Elder. J. was first captured in 1407 for sacrilege and after his release at the end of the same year again for theft. A little later, the Church of All Saints at Prague Castle acquired the property. King Sigismund transferred the Svojetín estate to Peter and Ctibor von Kačice in the 1420s. From 1437 it belonged to Ulrich von Svojetín. He sold the estate to Albrecht Kolowrat -Krakowsky in 1445. The next owner was his son Heinrich. After the death of Heinrich Kolowrat-Krakowsky, his sons shared the property, Svojetín and Veclov fell to Johann Kolowrat-Krakowsky. He had two ponds built near Svojetín. In 1533, Johann Kolowrat-Krakowsky had to cede his property to Nikolaus Polensky on Hořesedly because of excessive debt. At that time, however, part of the property was already leased to Jaroslav Sekerka von Bezděkov. The unclear legal relationships led to disputes between Polensky and Sekerka, which King Ferdinand I arbitrated. In 1538 Polensky ceded his liens to Jan Myšek von Žlunice. He sold it in 1539 to Albrecht von Waldstein auf Pšovlky . A little later Johann Kolowrat-Krakowsky redeemed the pledge and then sold the property to Wenzel Hřebecký von Piber on Kaunowa . In 1542 he signed the estate over to his wife Anna von Schönfeld as a morning gift, who gave the estate to her son Johann. Johann Hřebecký von Piber sold Svojetín in 1545 to Wenceslaus von Slowitz, who managed it badly. He married Anna von Schönfeld, the widow of his predecessor. After Wenzel's death, she left the estate to her brother-in-law Johann von Slowitz, who combined it with his Woleschna estate . In 1573 Johann's son, Christoph von Slowitz inherited the property; he was followed by Adam von Slowitz in 1610. After his death, the rule fell to his sister Ludmilla, she left the Svojetín share to her husband Johann Heinrich Zucker von Tamfeld; the Woleschna share received in 1626 her daughter Anna Katharina, who was married to Christoph Jaroslaw Kolowrat-Krakowsky on Šípy . After Johann Heinrich Zucker von Tamfeld died, the Svojetín Karl Chotek von Chotkow estate fell to Bělušice .

Numerous changes of ownership followed during the Thirty Years' War. After Karl Chotek von Chotkow had switched to his side when the Electoral Saxon army marched in , Albrecht von Waldstein seized Chotek's goods after the defeat of the Saxons and sold Svojetín to the imperial colonel Tobias Minor. The latter plundered Svojetín, sold the property to Rosina von Újezdeček and left with his Polish cavalry army. After Wallenstein's murder, the Svojetín estate was also confiscated and sold to Nikolaus Bechinie von Lazan on Velká Černoc. In 1647 the wife of Johann Hans von Nostitz auf Kaunowa, Anna Margaretha Bechinie von Lazan, bought the Svojetín estate. In 1650 she had to cede the estate, on which Karl Chotek's old debt to Wenzel Vražda von Kunwald still lay, to Christoph Jaroslaw Kolowrat-Krakowsky on Woleschna because of over-indebtedness. In 1655 Svojetín consisted of 13 farms and six chalets, four of which were still desolate; they were repopulated later by German settlers. In 1659 Christoph Jaroslaw's older son Bohuslav Oktavian inherited the Woleschna estate and his younger brother Augustin Svojetín. When Augustin Kolowrat-Krakowsky came of age, he sold the Svojetín estate to Karl Leopold Count Caretto-Cavriani di Millesimo in 1672, who sold Svojetín together with Woleschna to Ludmilla Maria Zeller von Rosenthal in the same year. So Svojetín was reunited with Woleschna.

The following owners were from 1678 Matthias Leopold Rosenfeldt von Ředhošť and from 1682 Johann Franz Freiherr von Kayserstein, who had the estate managed by his son Helfried. Helfried von Kaiserstain, who inherited the Woleschna rule from his father in 1690, had a hop kiln and a stately granary built in Svojetín in 1691. In 1701 Helfried's youngest daughter Marie Ludmilla, who was married to Peter Ernst von Mollart , inherited the rule. In 1734 her son Joseph Anton von Mollart inherited the property, but he died that same year. His widow Maria Aloisia von Lamberg took over the administration of the estate for her son Johann Ernst. In 1741 Johann Ernst's sister Maria Anna, who was married to Johann Stephan Graf Meraviglia-Crivelli, inherited the property. In 1757 Svojetin consisted of 15 properties. In 1776 a German school was established in house number 46. In the same year Maria Anna's widower Johann Stephan Graf Meraviglia inherited the rule of Woleschna, three years later his son Anton Graf Meraviglia-Crivelli followed. He leased the rule for twelve years to his wife, Eleonora née Countess von Traun , who also inherited the rule in 1808. Her son Count Anton Meraviglia-Crivelli, who had inherited the rule in 1818, sold her in 1836 for 220,000 guilders and 500 ducats of key money to Karl Egon II zu Fürstenberg , who made Woleschna his united lordships and estates Pürglitz , Kruschowitz , Nischburg , Wschetat , Skřiwan and Podmokl struck.

In 1843 Swojetin consisted of 64 houses with 455 German-speaking residents. There was a public chapel of St. Johannes von Nepomuk, a school under the patronage of the authorities, a farm, hop gardens and a coal mine. The parish was Herrndorf . The Swojetiner Revier, one of the two forest districts of the Woleschna Lordship, comprised a forest area of ​​262 yoke 42 square fathers, which was mainly composed of pines and was managed by the Princely Forestry Office Pürglitz together with the 24 other territories of the united rulers and estates. In 1847 a school building was built. Until the middle of the 19th century, Svojetin remained subordinate to the allodial estate of Woleschna, which was part of the Pürglitz rule.

After the abolition of patrimonial formed Swojetin / Svojetín 1850 with the districts Johannesthal / Janove Údolí and Povlčín / Pawltschin a municipality in the county and judicial district Rakonitz. After the death of Karl Egon II zu Fürstenberg in 1854, his second-born son Max Egon I inherited the Pürglitzer estates. In the second half of the 19th century there was a strong influx of the Czech-speaking population. In 1879 a school building was built. The two-class classes continued until the middle of the 19th century. In 1880 518 German Bohemians and 402 Czechs lived in the municipality. After the funerals had previously taken place in Wetzlau, the community of Swojetin had its own cemetery laid out in 1888. The school building was extended in 1892, with two more classrooms, a gym for the winter and apartments for the school staff. In 1918 the Fürstenberg family sold the Woleschna chateau and manor to the town of Rakovník . In 1919 the Svojetin gendarmerie station was established. After 61 Czech children were recorded in the community in the 1919 census, a Czech school was set up in Swojetin in September 1919, and lessons were initially held in a classroom of the German school. In 1921 552 Czechs and 482 German Bohemians lived in the municipality of Swojetin. In 1925 the newly built school building of the Czech school was inaugurated; In addition to classrooms for two classes with a total of 44 students, a Czech kindergarten was also located in the building. A steam sawmill was also built in 1925. In 1929 the Fürstenberg family sold the entire Svojetín estate to the Czechoslovak state, which had an option to purchase the Svojetín forest. 1930 lived in Swojetin including Johannesthal and Povlčín 1083 people, in 1932 there were 1039. According to the Munich Agreement , Swojetin including Johannesthal was added to the German Reich in 1938, the purely Czech-speaking district of Povlčín remained with the "remaining Czech Republic" and was annexed to Milostín . In 1939 the community had 824 inhabitants. Until the end of the Second World War, the community belonged to the Saaz district . After the end of the war Svojetín came back to Czechoslovakia and was again assigned to the Okres Rakovník ; most of the German population was expelled . The property of the displaced was given to Czechs from inland and repatriates from Volhynia. Janov broke up on August 12, 1950 and formed his own community. In 1961 Veclov was incorporated. In 1965 the community had 415 inhabitants, in 1999 there were only 307. Svojetín is a traditional hop-growing place.

Community structure

The municipality of Svojetín consists of the districts Svojetín ( Swojetin ) and Veclov ( Wetzlau ). The municipality is divided into the cadastral districts of Svojetín and Veclov u Svojetína.

Attractions

• Church of All Saints in Veclov
• Chapel of St. Johannes von Nepomuk in the lower village of Svojetín, built 1721–22 for Peter Ernst von Mollart
• Plague column of St. Rochus in the upper village of Svojetín, it was built in 1714 in thanks for sparing the village from the plague epidemic.
• Chapel at the bend of the road from Svojetín to Veclov, built in 1725
• Chapel of the Virgin Mary, north of the village on the right side of the road to Žatec, built in 1804 by Josef Bart from Svojetín
• Protected oak at the municipal office
• Burgstall Dub, southwest of the village in the Svojetín forest. Of the castle complex built in the 14th century, only the castle hill surrounded by a high rampart and moat remains.

Web links

• History of Svojetín

Individual evidence

1. ↑ http://www.uir.cz/obec/542458/Svojetin
2. ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
3. ↑ Johann Gottfried Sommer : The Kingdom of Bohemia. Represented statistically and topographically. Volume 13: Rakonitz Circle. Calve, Prague 1845, pp. 259-260.
4. ↑ Johann Gottfried Sommer: The Kingdom of Bohemia. Represented statistically and topographically. Volume 13: Rakonitz Circle. Calve, Prague 1845, p. 293.
5. ↑ Johann Gottfried Sommer: The Kingdom of Bohemia. Represented statistically and topographically. Volume 13: Rakonitz Circle. Calve, Prague 1845, p. 271.
6. ↑ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Saaz district (Czech. Zatec). (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006). 
7. ↑ http://www.uir.cz/casti-obce-obec/542458/Obec-Svojetin
8. ↑ http://www.uir.cz/katastralni-uzemi-obec/542458/Obec-Svojetin