Hřebečníky

Hřebečníky
Basic data
State :	Czech Republic
Region :	Středočeský kraj
District :	Rakovník
Area :	1841.2452 ha
Geographic location :	49 ° 59 '  N , 13 ° 45'  E Coordinates: 49 ° 59 '6 "  N , 13 ° 45' 9"  E
Height:	388  m nm
Residents :	246 (Jan. 1, 2019)
Postal code :	270 41
License plate :	S.
traffic
Street:	Slabce - Roztoky
structure
Status:	local community
Districts:	5
administration
Mayor :	Bohuslav Řezníček (as of 2013)
Address:	Hřebečníky 36 270 41 Hřebečníky
Municipality number:	541761
Website :	www.obec-hrebecniky.cz
Location of Hřebečníky in the Rakovník district

Hřebečníky (German Hrzebecznik , 1939–45 Roßhof ) is a municipality in the Czech Republic . It is located 14 kilometers south of Rakovník and belongs to the Okres Rakovník .

geography

Hřebečníky is located on the upper reaches of the creek Sádecký Potok on a plateau in the highlands Křivoklátská in the conservation area Křivoklátsko . To the north rises the Novosedlecký kopec (462 m), in the northeast the Malinová hora (436 m), east of the Písařův vrch (376 m) and the Týřovický vrch (417 m), in the southeast of the Na Bidkách (513 m) and the Mileč (424 m), southwest of the Průhon (414 m), to the west of the Stráž (445 m) and the Bílý kámen (421 m) and northwest of the Hájek (431 m). To the south and east lies the deeply cut valley of the Berounka . State road II / 201 runs through Hřebečníky between Slabce and Roztoky .

Neighboring towns are skupa, Tytry , Tyterský Mlyn, Novosedly, Skřivan , Kovárna and Hřebečnická Lesárna in the north, Hracholusky , Křiniště and U Rozvědčika in the Northeast, Kouřimecká Myslivna, Kouřimecká Rybárna and Týřovice the east, Karáskův Mlyn, Jelenec, Broumy and Luh in the southeast, Skryje , Šlovice, Čechův Mlyn, Cila and Čilská Rybárna in the south, U Bartoňů, Hradiště , Kočkův Mlyn, Kostelík and Čertovec in the southwest, Sadlno, Slabecký Mlyn, Lhota, Modřejovice and Ovčín the west and Slabce , Újezdec, Dvorec and Malé Slabce in Northwest.

history

The first written mention of the village Hrzyebecznyk , which belonged to the royal lordship of Křivoklát , took place in 1399 as the seat of the Sulko de Hrzyebecznyk. According to the feudal system introduced by King Ottokar II. Přemysl to guarantee the protection of the Křivoklát castle, the free subjects were obliged to defend the castle or had to provide other services. The residents of Hrzyebecznyk were obliged to breed and train stallions for the castle. The first written evidence of a riding arena came in 1409, when Sulko de Hrzyebecznyk asked the royal treasury for support for the redesign of the arena and the maintenance of the squires for horse training. Sulko, who held the office of Burgrave of Krakovec from 1419 , achieved the removal of Hřebečníky from the feudal relationship with the Křivoklát Castle during the Hussite Wars and expanded the estate to include the villages of Novosedly and Pístný and the feudal village of Šlovice. The next owner was his son Jan Týřovský von Hřebečník, who was from 1444 burgrave of Týřov . From 1457 the estate belonged to Bohuslav Světecký from Černčice. Around 1500 Heinrich Teyrzowsky von Einsiedl ( Jindřich Týřovský z Enzidle ) bought the estate and joined it to his rule Týřov. He had a brewery built in Hřebečník around 1520. For the ransom of his son Georg, who was captured by the Turks in the Battle of Mohács in 1526, he went into debt. In 1530 Jan Kaplirz de Sulewicz bought the estate; he was followed ten years later by Jiřík Valečský von Vřesovic, who soon sold Hřebečník to Heinrich Teyrzowsky von Einsiedl. Because of Heinrich Teyrzowsky's tax debt, the fortress and the Hřebečník farm, including the associated forests, were seized by the Rakovník royal tax office in 1542. This was also the first written mention of the festival. Heinrich Teyrzowsky tried in vain to force the return of his property through a judicial process, in 1556 his son Georg finally redeemed the debt. At that time Hřebečník was called a desolate village. In 1583, the underage Heinrich Jakob Teyrzowsky von Einsiedl inherited the estate, and Johann Teyrzowsky managed it until he came of age. In 1609 the Teyrzowsky von Einsiedl sold the Hřebečník estate with the fortress and the villages of Novosedly and Šlovice to Georg Diepold Czernin von und zu Chudenitz . His widow Sidonie sold it in 1616 to Wenzel Warlich von Bubna on Zvíkovec , who three years later sold the property to Margarethe Hrobschitzky von Hrobschitz , née von Raupow, on Očihov . Because her husband Christoph Hrobschitzky was involved in the uprising of the estates , his property was confiscated after the battle of the White Mountain , and part of his wife Margarethe's property was also confiscated. In 1628 Margarethe Hrobschitzky sold the remaining part of the Hřebečník estate to the court chamber. At that time the village consisted of ten properties, the festival, a brewery with a malt house, a sheep farm, a mill, a lime distillery and a forge. In 1647 Georg Kaspar Hrobschitzky von Hrobschitz acquired the estate, in 1655 his widow Susanne, née von Nostitz, who was her second wife, married a Baron Bieschin zu Bieschin . As a result of the Thirty Years' War, the village was deserted, in 1651 only one farm was still in use. In 1695 the widow Maximiliane Justina von Nostitz, née Babková von Meziříčí, was the owner of Hřebečníky. From 1721 Karl Ferdinand Schindel von Hirschfeld followed, from 1726 Marie Elisabeth Countess Wratislaw von Mitrowitz , née Kinsky von Chinitz and Tettau, and then the Counts of Nostitz-Rieneck. In 1736 they replaced the fortress with a baroque palace. From 1765 the estate belonged to Franz Anton von Nostitz-Rieneck . His wife Maria Elisabeth, née Kolowrat -Krakowsky, had a zoo for 40 to 100 fallow deer laid out near Hřebečnik in 1782, which was later called Dubina. Erwein von Nostitz-Rieneck was one of the subsequent owners, and he sold the estate to his brother Hugo on August 24, 1836. A school was established in 1839. The following year the sheep farm was expanded.

In 1843 the Hřebečnik estate including the Schlowitz Lehnhof comprised a usable area of ​​1755 yoke 489 square fathoms. 647 Czech-speaking people lived on its property, including a Jewish family. The main source of income for the residents was agriculture and forestry. The authorities manage two farms in Nowosedl and Hřebečnik; the latter also included a sheep farm. The forests were divided into the Hřebečnik and Nowosedl forest districts. The villages Hřebečnik and Nowosedl ( Novosedly ) belonged to the Hřebečnik estate ; only the village Schlowitz ( Šlovice ) to the Lehngut Schlowitz . The village of Hřebečnik or Řebečnik consisted of 48 houses with 380 inhabitants, including a Jewish family. In the village there was an official castle with the house chapel of St. Trinity and the apartment of the administrator, a dominical farm with sheep, a dominical brewery, a dominical brandy with potash boiling, an inn and by a pond a catchy mill. To the north of the village was the official zoo with a forest house and a hunter's house. To the side was a ruined chapel with the remains of a cemetery. The parish was Slabetz . Until the middle of the 19th century, Hřebečnik remained the official village for the Hřebečnik estate including the Schlowitz fiefdom.

After the abolition of patrimonial formed Hřebečník / Hrebecznik 1850 with the districts Novosedly and Šlovice a municipality in the district Rakonitz and judicial district Křivoklát . In 1874 the Counts Nostitz-Rieneck sold the estate to Wilhelm and Magdalena Brandeis; they sold it to Josef König in 1879, who in the following year sold it to Max Egon II zu Fürstenberg . The place name Hřebečníky has been used since the 1880s. In 1886 a new school building was built. In 1890 there were 428 Czech-speaking residents in Hřebečníky. The volunteer fire brigade was founded in 1896. In 1907 Novosedly broke up and formed its own community. In 1920 a gendarmerie station was set up in Hřebečníky. In the course of the land reform in 1922, Franz Fürstenberg's large estate was nationalized and parceled out. In 1932 there lived 364 people in Hřebečníky with Šlovice. During the German occupation , the place was given the German name Roßhof . During this time, Vladislav Topinka, the secretary of the Belgian embassy, ​​wanted by the Gestapo, lived in the village. Although all the residents, including the local gendarmerie, were aware of his presence and Topinka also moved freely in public, it took over a year for the Gestapo to arrest him. On December 19, 1944, Allied bombers mistakenly dropped nine bombs in the fields near Hřebečníky, which caused property damage in the village. At the end of the Second World War, 24 fleeing Russian prisoners of war were hiding in the forest near Hřebečníky, who were being provided with food by the residents. In the last days of the war, numerous German refugees from the east who had fled the Red Army arrived in the village . In the first days of May 1945 the Red Army took Hřebečníky. After the end of the Second World War, 299 people lived in Hřebečníky. Some of the residents moved to the border areas a little later . In 1961 Týřovice was incorporated. In 1966 the village of Hřebečníky only had 155 inhabitants. On January 1, 1980, Hracholusky, Novosedly and Újezdec were incorporated into Hřebečníky. Hracholusky became independent again on November 24, 1990.

Community structure

The community Hřebečníky consists of the districts Hřebečníky ( Hrebecznik , 1939–45 Roßhof ), Novosedly ( Nowosedl , 1939–45 Neusattel ), Šlovice ( Schlowitz ), Týřovice ( Teyrowitz , 1939–45 Moderhof ) and Újezdec ( Klein Aujest ). The municipality is divided into the cadastral districts of Hřebečníky, Novosedly u Rakovníka, Týřovice nad Berounkou and Újezdec u Rakovníka. Hřebečníky also includes the layers Čechův Mlýn, Hřebečnická Lesárna and Karáskův Mlýn.

Attractions

• Hřebečníky Castle, the baroque building was built in 1736 instead of a medieval fortress. The house chapel of St. Franz Anton von Nostitz-Rieneck had the Trinity built in 1756. It was owned by the Fürstenberg family from 1880 to 1948 . Then it was nationalized and transferred to the JZD . The original baroque interior was destroyed when the JZD was converted into a residential house and office building.
• Baroque farmyard with a two-storey warehouse, built in the first half of the 18th century
• Statue of St. John of Nepomuk, created 1757
• Timbered homesteads in folk style
• Hřebečnická Lesárna hunting lodge
• Memorial to those who fell in World War I, unveiled in 1923
• Memorial plaque for Josef Beneš, unveiled in 1947

Sons and daughters of the church

• Alexandr Brandejs (1848–1901), landowner, entrepreneur and patron
• Josef Beneš (1904–1943), the Prague Sokol functionary, was arrested in 1943 after the assassination attempt on Heydrich for illegal activities and supporting the assassins and executed in Plötzensee .

Web links

• History of Hřebečníky
• History of the castle

Individual evidence

1. ↑ http://www.uir.cz/obec/541761/Hrebecniky
2. ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
3. ↑ Johann Gottfried Sommer : The Kingdom of Bohemia. Represented statistically and topographically. Volume 13: Rakonitz Circle. Calve, Prague 1845, pp. 10-13.
4. ↑ Johann Gottfried Sommer: The Kingdom of Bohemia. Represented statistically and topographically. Volume 13: Rakonitz Circle. Calve, Prague 1845, p. 12.
5. ↑ http://www.uir.cz/casti-obce-obec/541761/Obec-Hrebecniky
6. ↑ http://www.uir.cz/katastralni-uzemi-obec/541761/Obec-Hrebecniky