Janov u Žatce

Janov
Basic data
State :	Czech Republic
Region :	Středočeský kraj
District :	Rakovník
Area :	315.6979 ha
Geographic location :	50 ° 13 '  N , 13 ° 38'  E Coordinates: 50 ° 12 '37 "  N , 13 ° 38' 21"  E
Height:	427  m nm
Residents :	139 (Jan. 1, 2019)
Postal code :	270 06
License plate :	S.
traffic
Street:	Kounov - Svojetín
Railway connection:	Rakovník – Louny Praha – Chomutov
structure
Status:	local community
Districts:	1
administration
Mayor :	Jiří Lep (as of 2013)
Address:	Janov 46 270 06 Janov
Municipality number:	565270
Website :	www.obec-janov.cz
Location of Janov in the Rakovník district

Village street

graveyard

Janov , until 1924 Janové Údolí (German Johannesthal ) is a municipality in the Czech Republic . It is located 15 kilometers southeast of Žatec and belongs to the Okres Rakovník .

geography

Janov is located in the Rakonitz hill country at the transition from the Kryrská pahorkatina (Kriegern hill country ) to the Rakovnická kotlina ( Rakonitz basin ). The village lies on the edge of the Džbán Nature Park in the source of the Janovský creek. The Lišák (462 m) and the Pískový vrch (526 m) rise to the northeast and the Na Rovinách (431 m) to the south. The railway line Rakovník – Louny runs on the eastern edge of the village, northeast of the village it crosses with the railway line Praha – Chomutov . The Rokyta zoo is located to the northwest.

Neighboring towns are Novy Dvur, Kozlov and Nečemice in the north, Chanov and Pnětluky in the Northeast, Kounov in the east, Mutějovice , Milostín and Povlčín the southeast, Rozkoš in the south, Svojetín , Vlkov and Velká Černoc in the southwest, Nová Hospoda in the west and Nedvídkov and Deštnice in the north-west.

history

Johannesthal was founded between 1771 and 1779 by the owner of the Woleschna estate , Johann Stephan Graf Meraviglia, as a settlement for the farm workers from his surrounding estates. Around 1779 his son Anton Count Meraviglia-Crivelli inherited the rule. He leased it for twelve years to his wife, Eleonora née Countess von Traun , who also inherited the rule in 1808. Her son Count Anton Meraviglia-Crivelli, who had inherited the Woleschna rule in 1818, sold her in 1836 for 220,000 guilders and 500 ducats of key money to Karl Egon II. Zu Fürstenberg , the Woleschna to his united lordships and estates Pürglitz , Kruschowitz , Nischburg , Wschetat , Skřiwan and Podmokl struck.

In 1843 Johannesthal , also called Kabalka / Kabarna , consisted of 30 houses with 235 German-speaking residents. There were several hard coal works in the vicinity of the place. The parish was Kaunowa . Until the middle of the 19th century, Johannisthal remained subordinate to the allodial estate of Woleschna, which was part of the Pürglitz rulership .

After the abolition of patrimonial Johannesthal formed from 1850 a district of the municipality Svojetín in the district and judicial district Rakonitz. After the death of Karl Egon II zu Fürstenberg in 1854, his second-born son Max Egon I inherited the Pürglitzer estates. In 1863 the road to Kaunowa was built. During the German War , the Prussian army occupied the village in 1866; the Prussians brought cholera with them, from which many residents died. In 1869, a large fire destroyed several Johannesthal properties . In the second half of the 19th century there was a strong influx of Czech-speaking population and the village was given the Czech name Janové Údolí . In 1870, 270 people lived in the 32 houses in Johannesthal / Janové Údolí , the proportion of German Bohemians had decreased to almost 50. A village smithy was built in the 1870s. The efforts of the residents to establish their own school were initially unsuccessful; the children continued to be educated in Kaunowa or Milostín . In 1880, lessons in a winter school in Janové Údolí were finally permitted, and a little later year-round teaching as a branch school in Kaunowa. Five years later Janové Údolí received a one-class village school, and shortly afterwards also a kindergarten. In 1890 the population had grown to 300 people. The road to Povlčín was built in 1902. In 1903 the extinguishing water pond was drained due to the construction of the Rakonitz – Laun railway line . On October 18, 1903, the volunteer fire brigade was founded . In 1910 there were 290 people living in Janové Údolí , 280 of them were Czechs and ten were German Bohemians. Ten of the residents were illiterate. In 1911 the loan association for Johannesthal and the surrounding area was established. The town of Rakovník , which had leased the Woleschna estate from the Prince of Fürstenberg, had an avenue of lime trees laid out on April 4, 1912. Due to the hindrance of the growth of the young linden trees, numerous old fruit trees were cut down along the avenue a little later. In 1918 the Fürstenberg family sold the Woleschna chateau and manor to the town of Rakovník. In 1921 almost the entire population of Janové Údolí transferred from the Catholic to the Czechoslovak Hussite Church , which had its own cemetery laid out in the same year. In 1922 Janové Údolí was electrified. Janov was established as the official Czech place name in 1924 . Because of the strong demand for hops, large hop gardens were established around Janov in 1926. In 1930 the village had mostly Czech-speaking 321 inhabitants. The new extinguishing water pond was created in 1935. In October 1938 there were 318 people living in Janov . After the Munich Agreement , Swojetin including Johannesthal was added to the German Reich on November 24, 1938 and assigned to the Saaz district. Five Czech families fled the village before the German occupation, others left the place afterwards. As a result, the population of Johannesthal sank to 262 in December 1938. From September 1939 the school was taught in German, in March 1940 it was closed and the children retrained to the German school in Swojetin. In November 1942, the residents of the village were obliged to build trenches along the Rakonitz-Laun railway line. On March 5, 1945, an anti-tank barrier was built on the Rakonitz-Laun railway line below the cemetery. On May 5, 1945, a unit of the Wehrmacht with 800 men on the run from the Rouen Army quartered in the village, a day later another 200 Wehrmacht members from Karlsbad joined them. The German troops soon set out to the west, and the Red Army took the place with 4,000 men. On July 28, 1945, 248 Czechs and 21 Germans resettled from Svojetín lived in Janov. In preparation for the division of the municipality of Svojetín, the Janov cadastre was formed on November 11, 1945 from a third of the municipality's area. At the end of 1946 there were 306 people in Janov, compared to 216 in the February 1950 census. On August 12, 1950, the separation of Svojetín and the formation of the Janov municipality was approved with effect from January 1, 1951. On January 1st, 1980 Janov was incorporated into Kounov , on November 24th, 1990 Janov became independent again. In the second half of the 20th century, the population steadily decreased, at the same time a change from an agricultural village to a resort began.

Community structure

No districts are shown for the municipality of Janov.

Attractions

• Brick bell tower
• Lindenallee, laid out in 1912
• Memorial stone for the Mikš brothers, unveiled on May 1, 1946
• Memorial to the fallen of both world wars
• Jan Hus memorial

Sons and daughters of the church

• Arnošt Mikš (1913–1942), resistance fighter, the paratrooper took part in Operation Zinc and was shot in 1942 near Požáry. His two brothers were executed.

Web links

• Story of Janov

Individual evidence

1. ↑ http://www.uir.cz/obec/565270/Janov
2. ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
3. ↑ Johann Gottfried Sommer : The Kingdom of Bohemia. Represented statistically and topographically. Volume 13: Rakonitz Circle. Calve, Prague 1845, pp. 259-260.
4. ↑ Johann Gottfried Sommer: The Kingdom of Bohemia. Represented statistically and topographically. Volume 13: Rakonitz Circle. Calve, Prague 1845, p. 293.