Kněževes u Rakovníka

Kněževes
Basic data
State :	Czech Republic
Region :	Středočeský kraj
District :	Rakovník
Area :	1256.4372 ha
Geographic location :	50 ° 9 '  N , 13 ° 38'  E Coordinates: 50 ° 8 '47 "  N , 13 ° 38' 9"  E
Height:	364  m nm
Residents :	1,039 (Jan 1, 2019)
Postal code :	270 01
License plate :	S.
traffic
Street:	Rakovník - Žatec
Railway connection:	Krupá – Kolešovice
structure
Status:	Městys
Districts:	1
administration
Mayor :	Eva Janotová (as of 2013)
Address:	Václavské náměstí 124 270 01 Kněževes u Rakovníka
Municipality number:	541877
Website :	www.mestys-knezeves.cz
Location of Kněževes in the Rakovník district

Kněževes (German Herrndorf ) is a minority in the Czech Republic . It is located nine kilometers northwest of Rakovník and belongs to the Okres Rakovník .

geography

Kněževes is located on the ink side of the Hájevský potok brook in the Rakovnická kotlina ( Rakonitzer Kessel ) in the Rakonitzer hill country. The Vápenice (429 m) rises to the north, the Kozlov (411 m) to the northeast, the Blatina (407 m) to the southeast, the Přílepská skála (417.6 m) to the south and the Na Vyhlídce (426 m) to the west. The railway line Krupá – Kolešovice runs on the south-eastern outskirts , east of the town it crosses with the railway line Rakovník – Louny . State road II / 227 between Rakovník and Žatec runs through Kněževes .

Neighboring towns are Veclov, Rozkoš, Svojetín , Janov and Povlčín in the north, Milostín , Nesuchyně , Nový Dvůr and Krupá in the northeast, Chrášťany in the east, Olešná , Rakovník , Zákonův Mlýn and Samota-Senomaty in the southeast, Senomaty and Nouízpy in the south. Pšovlky and Kolešovice in the southwest, Keblany, Heřmanov and Hokov in the west and Děkov , Nová Ves and Hořesedly in the northwest.

history

According to the legend of Princess Libuše , written in the 10th or 11th century , Kněževes is said to have been founded at her behest. In her prophecy, she determined the place where the holy frog Rosnička had appeared to her for clergy to build a village.

According to tradition, Kněževes was founded in 1086 by King Vratislav II and laid out as a square village around an elongated village square with a pond. King John of Luxembourg was Herndorf 1318 emphyteutisch to the Teplá expose that built a monastery in the town. On June 13, 1327, he confirmed to the Tepler Premonstratensian that the Church of St. Jakobus in Herndorf . King Wenzel IV granted a property right for Herrndorf in a letter of majesty in 1406 . Between 1422 and 1454, as a result of the Hussite Wars , the estate was under the administration of the Křivoklát Castle . After that, the estate went back into the possession of the Tepler Premonstratensians, but it always remained the property of the Bohemian crown. After the monastery Teplá gave up the Emphyteuse Herrndorf in the time of Rudolf II , the estate was placed under the administration of the royal estates of Krušovice and Lány ; In 1595 Rudolf II confirmed the old rights to the place. In 1685 Leopold I sold the Crown Lords of Kruschowitz and Pürglitz for 400,000 guilders to Ernst Joseph Count von Waldstein . In 1731 Johann Joseph Graf von Waldstein bequeathed both dominions to his daughter and universal heiress Maria Anna Fürstin zu Fürstenberg , who in 1752 confirmed the Herrndorfer property law. In 1756 they united the Lordship of Kruschowitz and Pürglitz in a will with the Gut Nischburg to form a family entailment of 400,000 guilders. Half of the inheritance went to her sons Joseph Wenzel zu Fürstenberg-Stühlingen and Karl Egon I zu Fürstenberg, the other half to her daughters Henriette Fürstin von Thurn und Taxis and Maria Theresia zu Fürstenberg. She appointed her second-born son Karl Egon I as Fideikommisserbeer, who also acquired the shares of his siblings through compensation. After the death of Karl Egon I, his eldest son Philipp Fürst zu Fürstenberg († 1790) inherited the property in 1787, followed by his children Karl Gabriel zu Fürstenberg († 1799) and Leopoldine Princess of Hesse-Rothenburg-Rheinfels. In 1803, the female heirs renounced a family settlement in favor of the minor Karl Egon II zu Fürstenberg and the princely and landgrave houses of Fürstenberg; Joachim Egon Landgraf von Fürstenberg was appointed as administrator until he came of age in 1817. The development of the village square began in the 19th century, the surviving relics of which are Václavské náměstí ( Wenceslas Square ) and Husovo náměstí ( Hus Square ). At this time, coal began to be extracted in small shafts. The school was founded in 1835.

In 1843 the village Herrndorf / Kněžowes , also known as Pfaffendorf , on the Alte Karlsbader Straße , consisted of 122 houses with 981 mixed-language residents. Under the patronage of the authorities, the parish church of St. Apostle Jacob. There was also a school and a tavern, which was sponsored by the community. The burial church of St. John the Baptist. The main source of income was hop growing. A number of coal mines were operated in the vicinity. Herrndorf was the pastor for Kroschau , Přilep , Wetzlau ( Veclov ), Swojetin and the court Pawltschin ( Povlčín ). Until the middle of the 19th century, Herrndorf remained subject to the Kruschowitz rulership, which belonged to the Pürglitz family fideikommiss , including the feudal estates of Wschetat and Panaschow-Augezd .

After the abolition of patrimonial Kněžoves / Herrndorf formed a municipality in the district and judicial district of Rakonitz from 1850 . After the death of Karl Egon II zu Fürstenberg in 1854, his second-born son Max Egon I inherited the Pürglitzer estates. In 1861 Kněževes received market rights. The local railway Krupa-Kolleschowitz , which was built by the Buschtěhrad Railway , mainly for the transport of coal and hops by rail, started operating in 1883 after a year of construction. In the same year the new school house of the community school was inaugurated. In the second half of the 19th century, Kněževes developed into the hop growing center of the Rakonitz district and, after Žatec, the second largest hop growing area in Bohemia. The associated economic prosperity of Kněževes was reflected in the fact that Emperor Franz Joseph I raised the place to a town on April 29, 1897. Between 1902 and 1903 an annex was added to the school building, which housed the first citizen school established in the rural area of ​​the Rakonitz district. In 1929 the Fürstenberg family sold their Pürglitzer goods to the Czechoslovak state. In 1932 there were 1775 people living in the minority town of Kněževes u Rakovníka . As a result of the Munich Agreement , Kněževes became a border town to the German Empire from late 1938 to 1945. In the 1950s Kněževes sank to the village. In the course of the collectivization of agriculture, 14 farms were forcibly cleared and confiscated in 1952. On January 1st, 1980 Přílepy was incorporated, the district broke up on November 24th, 1990. Passenger train traffic on the Krupá – Kolešovice railway line was discontinued at the end of 2006, and since then the line has been used for museum train journeys by the Lužná u Rakovníka Railway Museum and a railway museum has been set up at the station. Since January 19, 2007 the community has had a coat of arms and a banner. On October 23, 2007 the status of Kněževes was renewed as Městys . Kněževes is a traditional hop-growing area and is surrounded by extensive hop fields.

Community structure

No districts are shown for the minor town of Kněževes.

Origin of the place name

The derivation of the place name from kněz ( priest ) is viewed with skepticism today, as the term pop was used for it in the Middle Ages . Since the village has always belonged to the Kruschowitz estates associated with the sovereign Křivoklát castle , it is more likely that the origin of the name is to be found in knížecí ves ( princely village ).

Attractions

Parish church St. Jakobus in Herrndorf

• Parish church of James the Elder, it was built as a Gothic fortified church in the middle of the village square on an island between two ponds and has been documented since 1318. The church and the surrounding cemetery were protected by a defensive wall and only accessible via two stone bridges. In 1718 the church burned down. It received its current baroque shape with an onion dome during the reconstruction in 1721, the walls of the tower and the spiral staircase of the old church have been preserved. The main altar was created in 1734. The wall around the former cemetery was torn down at the beginning of the 20th century.
• Rectory, built in 1730
• Baroque statue of Maria Immaculata in front of the rectory, created in 1730
• Baroque statue of St. Xaver
• Early baroque burial church of John the Baptist, northwest of the town in the cemetery, built around 1651
• Inn, the building has its origins in the Premonstratensian monastery founded in 1318, later it served as the relaxation room and seat of the local judge
• Railway museum at the station
• Muzeum lidových krojů z Čech, Moravy, Slezka a Slovenska , costume museum in the school that opened in 2007. The private collection includes around 120 historical folk costumes from Czechoslovakia.
• Folk style homesteads
• Monument to František Palacký , erected in 1897
• Memorial stone for the victims of both world wars, unveiled in 1922
• Jan Hus memorial stone from 1915

Sons and daughters of the church

• Jiří Brabec (* 1929), Czech literary critic and historian

Web links

• History of Kněževes

Individual evidence

1. ↑ http://www.uir.cz/obec/541877/Knezeves
2. ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
3. ↑ Johann Gottfried Sommer : The Kingdom of Bohemia. Represented statistically and topographically. Volume 13: Rakonitz Circle. Calve, Prague 1845, p. 292.
4. ↑ Description of the coat of arms