Mšecké Žehrovice

Mšecké Žehrovice
Basic data
State :	Czech Republic
Region :	Středočeský kraj
District :	Rakovník
Area :	1403.4661 ha
Geographic location :	50 ° 11 '  N , 13 ° 55'  E Coordinates: 50 ° 10 '41 "  N , 13 ° 55' 25"  E
Height:	413  m nm
Residents :	644 (Jan. 1, 2019)
Postal code :	270 64
License plate :	P
traffic
Street:	Mšec - Mšecké Žehrovice
structure
Status:	local community
Districts:	2
administration
Mayor :	Jiří Fencl (as of 2013)
Address:	Mšecké Žehrovice 77 270 64 Mšecké Žehrovice
Municipality number:	542113
Website :	www.msecke-zehrovice.cz
Location of Mšecké Žehrovice in the Rakovník district

Mšecké Žehrovice (German Kornhaus Scherowitz ) is a municipality in the Czech Republic . It is located four kilometers northeast of Nové Strašecí and belongs to the Okres Rakovník .

geography

Place view

Mšecké Žehrovice is located at the transition from Džbán ( Krugwald ) to Slánská tabule ( Schlaner Tafel ) in the area of ​​the Džbán Nature Park. The village is located on a hill, around which the stream Žehrovický potok flows to the north and Novodvorský potok to the south. To the east is the Loděnice valley . At the northern end of the village is the Markův rybník pond, south of the village of Malý dvorský rybník, Oborský rybník and Soudný rybník. To the south-east is the Libeň zoo. The Kopanina (466 m) rises to the northwest. The R6 / E 48 expressway , to which there is no direct connection, runs two kilometers south of the village .

Neighboring towns are Cerveny Mlyn, Bažantnice, Mšec , Haj and Ostrov in the north, Lodenice and Drnek in the Northeast, Hradečno , Nová Studnice, Čelechovský Mlyn, Obora, Ovčín and Svinařov the east, Čelechovice, Honice and Stochov in the southeast, Vašírov, Rynholec and Pecínov in the south, Nové Strašecí, Lipina and Třtická Lísa in the southwest, Bucký Rybník and Třtice in the west and Pilský Mlýn, Tok, Kalivody and Bdín in the northwest.

history

Archaeological finds show that the area has been inhabited since the Stone Age. Paleolithic flint scrapers and other tools from the Neolithic and Copper Age were found on the Libeň hill; other finds come from the Kaštance corridor south of the Červený rybník. Settlements of the Knovíz culture were discovered in the corridors Pod vsí south of Mšecké Žehrovice and Na vrchu west of Lodenice . The discovery of a store of pots and bowls from the late Hallstatt period on the Libeň suggests that these were intended for grave goods from a burial site. The most important finds come from the Latène culture , in particular the stone head from the 3rd century BC, discovered in 1943 . Remains of a settlement consisting of several rectangular houses with recessed floors and a saddle construction based on two piles as well as iron smelting facilities, a forge and a workshop for sapropelite tires were found. In addition, the remains of a square hill with an area of ​​200 × 100 m were exposed in the Libeň zoo .

The first written mention of Žehrovice came in 1045, when Duke Břetislav I left part of the village to the monastery of St. Margaret in Břevnov . After the administrator of the royal share tried to subjugate the subjects of the monastic share at the beginning of the 13th century, they left Žehrovice and settled around the monastery courtyard, where the village of Lodenice was established. King Ottokar I Přemysl granted the monastery a protective privilege in 1224 for the monastic part of Žehrovice. This was also the last mention of the monastic part.

In the 14th century Albrecht I von Kolowrat acquired the Zehrowicz estate from Charles IV. In 1361, the boundaries between the Mssec and Zehrowicz estates belonging to Albrecht I von Kolowrat and the royal lordship of Křivoklát were fixed in a border treaty. A little later Albrecht I had the fortress in Mssec renewed under the new name Kornhauz and assigned the title Kolowrat von Kornhauz (Latin Colowrat de Cornuss ). He was followed by his son of the same name, Albrecht II, who, in addition to the inherited Zehrow castle, also acquired the Krassow and Libstein castles at the end of the 14th century . At this time several branches of the family of the Lords of Kolowrat developed; Albrecht II was the progenitor of the Kolowrat-Libštejnský line, his brother Mikeš, who owned Kornhauz, founded the Kolowrat-Kornhauzský line. In the middle of the 15th century, the Kolowrat-Žehrovský branch with its seat at the Žehrow Castle was formed through further inheritance , which also acquired the former Lodenice monastery. Between 1445 and 1447 the Žehrovice estate belonged to Heinrich Kolowrat-Žehrovský. He was followed by his son Johann, who from 1465 to 1467 took part in the diplomatic mission through Europe led by Jaroslav Lev von Rosental on behalf of King George of Podebrady . Johann's son Mikesch Kolowrat-Žehrovský was captain of the Schlaner district and from 1506 burgrave of Karlstein . A little later he bought the run-down Kornhauz estate for 7,000 shock Bohemian groschen from Heinrich Kolowrat-Kornhauzský, moved his seat from Zehrow to Kornhaus, combined the two estates and called himself Kolowrat-Kornhauzský from then on. With Mikesch's death, the Kolowrat-Žehrovský line became extinct; in 1510 the united rule fell to Kornhauz Georg Kolowrat-Bezdružický, he was followed in 1528 by his widow Elisabeth von Vitzthum . After that, the rule between 1536 and 1538 belonged to Wenzel Budowecz von Budowa, followed by Dietrich Kolowrat-Bezdružický († 1547). On October 12, 1548, his nephew, the captain of the New Town of Prague , Ludwig Kolowrat-Bezdružický inherited the manor Kornhaus with the castle, the farm, the brewery, the malt house and the town of Kornhaus, the villages Milý , Srby , Lhota, Žehrovice, Třtice , Honice, Třebichovice , Hořešovice , Lodenice and Kačice , the forests near Žehrovice, eleven ponds and the right to income from the mortgaged villages of Bdín and Pozdeň .

The Zehrow Castle, which had been in ruins since 1506, was referred to as a desolate castle with a courtyard in 1550 . In the middle of the 16th century, the Kolowrat-Bezdružický lords sold almost the entire estate, with the exception of the town of Kornhaus. Friedrich Mičan von Klinstein and Rostok acquired the Žehrovice estate. In 1569 Mičan bought the remnant Kornhaus for 5875 shock Bohemian groschen from the brothers Jan and Zdislav Abdon Kolowrat-Bezdružický. In 1586, the captain of the Schlaner Kreis, Matthias Stampach von Stampach, bought the estate for 55,000 Schock Meissen groschen and in the following years increased steadily to acquisitions. Since Matthias von Stampach remained childless, the rule fell to his nephew Jan Rejchart in 1615. During the uprising of the estates of 1618, he was a member of the directorate of the estates and was host to King Friedrich I at Kornhaus Castle on several occasions . After the battle of the White Mountain , Jan Rejchart von Stampach was sentenced to the loss of half of his property and the Kornhaus estate was confiscated in 1622. In 1623 the court chamber pledged the rule to Elisabeth Popel von Lobkowicz . In the same year Kornhaus was transferred to Wratislaw Reichsgraf von Fürstenberg, Heiligenberg and Werdenberg against a debt of 87,932 shock Meissnian groschen , whereby Emperor Ferdinand II reserved the hunting rights himself. Jan Rejchart von Stampach, who emigrated to Annaberg in 1628 after the Renewed State Order was passed, returned to Bohemia in 1631 with an army from the Electorate of Saxony and took possession of his former property. He was expelled from Bohemia again and in 1634 lost the Bohemian property that had remained due to his invasion.

Chapel of St. Martin

After Wratislaw von Fürstenberg's death in 1634, his widow Lavinia Gonzaga von Novellara inherited the rule. After she married Otto Friedrich von Harrach for the second time , an inheritance dispute broke out between the Counts of Fürstenberg and Otto Friedrich von Harrach. When it was settled, the Kornhaus reign was awarded in 1639 to the children of Wratislaw, who were married to Lavinia Gonzaga. After Franz Wratislaw von Fürstenberg died in 1641 at the age of ten, the inheritance fell to his sister Marie Eleonore Katharina, married Countess von Hohenems . In 1662, Eleonore Katharina von Hohenems sold the Kornhaus estate together with the Fürstenbergisches Haus am Hradschin for 60,000 guilders to Johann Adolph von Schwarzenberg . The registers have been kept in Kornhaus since 1667. The captain of the Kornhaus rulership, Elias Heidelberger von Heidelberg, had an arable land laid out for the Kornhaus rulership in 1681; the 613-page directory, written in the old Czech language, is now in the archive at Třeboň Castle . In 1683 his son Ferdinand zu Schwarzenberg inherited the rule. In 1703 Adam Franz zu Schwarzenberg inherited the property; from 1732 he was followed by his son Joseph I. zu Schwarzenberg , who raised the rule to the family fideikommiss. In 1774, the chapel of St. Martin erected. The following owners were from 1782 Johann I zu Schwarzenberg , from 1789 Joseph II zu Schwarzenberg and from 1833 his eldest son and Fideikommisserbe Johann Adolf II zu Schwarzenberg .

In 1843 Žehrowitz or Scherowitz consisted of 58 houses with 478 inhabitants. There was a public chapel of St. Martin, in which a large church service was held twice a year, and an official Meierhof. Apart from that, there was an official mutton farm with a residential building and a washer-maintenance facility. The parish was a granary. Until the middle of the 19th century, Žehrowitz remained subject to the entails rule Kornhaus with Kaunowa .

After the abolition of patrimonial Žehrovice / Scherowitz formed a market town in the district of Rakonitz and the judicial district of Neustraschitz from 1850 . In 1868 Žehrovice was assigned to the Schlan District. In the same year a communal school for the children from Lodenice and Žehrovice was opened in Žehrovice. To distinguish it from the other village Žehrovice , which was in the same district, the community name was expanded a little later to Mšecké Žehrovice / Kornhaus-Scherowitz . In 1943 a Celtic stone head was excavated in the sand pit at the Libeň Zoo . In 1949 the community was assigned to the Okres Nové Strašecí, since its abolition in 1960 Mšecké Žehrovice belongs to the Okres Rakovník . On April 1, 1976 Lodenice was incorporated. After the school was closed, classes have been held in Mšec and Nové Strašecí since 2001, the former school building is now the seat of the municipal office. The community has had a coat of arms and a banner since 2010. Mšecké Žehrovice is a hop growing place.

Community structure

The municipality Mšecké Žehrovice consists of the districts and cadastral districts Lodenice ( Lodenitz ) and Mšecké Žehrovice ( Kornhaus Scherowitz ). Mšecké Žehrovice also includes the single-layer Lipina.

Attractions

Statue of St. John of Nepomuk

• Chapel of St. Martin, the baroque building was built in 1774. In 1989 it was transferred back to the municipality on the basis of the law on municipal property. The bell was drawn in during World War II and was lost.
• 400-year-old beech Džbánský buk or Žehrovický buk , north of the village, has a trunk circumference of 5.30 m and a height of 14 m has been protected as a tree monument since 1978. Its mighty crown reaches a diameter of 26 m.
• Nature reserve Louky v oboře Libeň , the former pastureland on the edge of the zoo was placed under protection in 1995 because of its rich flotra.
• Statue of St. Johannes von Nepomuk, created in 1886. It was renovated in 2004 for 80,000 crowns.
• Memorial stone for TG Masaryk.
• Memorial stone for the fallen of World War I, unveiled in 1923.
• Žehrov castle stables above the village on Na baště square . Nothing visible has been preserved; houses 52 and 65 are built over it

Others

The main belt asteroid (24837) Mšecké Žehrovice was named after the municipality.

Web links

• History of Mšecké Žehrovice

Individual evidence

1. ↑ http://www.uir.cz/obec/542113/Msecke-Zehrovice
2. ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
3. ↑ Johann Gottfried Sommer : The Kingdom of Bohemia. Represented statistically and topographically. Volume 13: Rakonitz Circle. Calve, Prague 1845, p. 43.
4. ↑ http://www.uir.cz/casti-obce-obec/542113/Obec-Msecke-Zehrovice
5. ↑ http://www.uir.cz/katastralni-uzemi-obec/542113/Obec-Msecke-Zehrovice