Kounov u Rakovníka
| Kounov | |||||
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| Basic data | |||||
| State : |
 Czech Republic
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| Region : | Středočeský kraj | ||||
| District : | Rakovník | ||||
| Area : | 856.8673 ha | ||||
| Geographic location : | 50 ° 13 ' N , 13 ° 41' E | ||||
| Height: | 411 m nm | ||||
| Residents : | 574 (Jan. 1, 2019) | ||||
| Postal code : | 270 06 | ||||
| License plate : | P | ||||
| traffic | |||||
| Street: | Hředle - Tuchořice | ||||
| Railway connection: | Rakovník – Louny | ||||
| structure | |||||
| Status: | local community | ||||
| Districts: | 1 | ||||
| administration | |||||
| Mayor : | Dana Bechynská (as of 2013) | ||||
| Address: | Kounov 44 270 06 Kounov u Rakovníka |
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| Municipality number: | 541907 | ||||
| Website : | www.obec-kounov.cz | ||||
| Location of Kounov in the Rakovník district | |||||
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Kounov (German Kaunowa ) is a municipality in the Czech Republic . It is located 13 kilometers north of Rakovník and belongs to the Okres Rakovník . The place became famous for the mysterious rows of stones from Kaunowa ( Kounovské kamenné řady ).
geography
Kounov is located at the transition between the Rakovnická pahorkatina ( Rakonitzer hill country ) and the Džbán ( Krugwald ) on the edge of the Džbán nature park. The village is the headwaters of the Kounovský creek. To the north rise the Špičák (490 m) and the Pískový vrch (526 m), in the northeast the Rovina and the Zadní Rovina (524 m), southeast the Džbán (536 m) and in the northwest the Lišák (462 m). The Rokyta zoo is located to the northwest. The Rakovník – Louny railway line runs on the northern outskirts, and the Praha – Chomutov railway line to the west .
Neighboring towns are Nečemice, Výhledy, Třeskonice, Tuchořice , Novy Dvur, Markvarec and Pnětluky in the north, Domoušice and Filipov in the Northeast, Lhota pod Džbánem , Třeboc , Perun and Kroučová the east, Na Ratislavu, Hředle and Mutějovice the southeast, Nesuchyně and Milostín in South, Povlčín, Svojetín and Vlkov in the southwest, Janov , Nedvídkov, and Nová Hospoda in the west and Deštnice , Sádek and Nový Dvůr in the northwest.
history
Archaeological finds prove a settlement of the municipality area since the Paleolithic . On the mountain plateau Rovina there are remains of a Stone Age fortification with ditches in stone walls and those dating back to the 7th century BC. Dated rows of stones from Kaunowa.
According to legend, at the end of the 10th century, the Kuna court was located in the middle of dense forests on the site of the village. The village was probably formed during the Bohemian inland colonization between the 11th and 12th centuries. The first written mention of the place took place in 1228, when Cuno de Cunowe signed a royal deed as a witness. Cunow belonged to the fiefs of the royal castle Křivoklát ; In the village there were two feudal farms which were entrusted to royal vassals. A parish church under the patronage of the Křivoklát Castle has been documented in Kunow since the 14th century . In the immediate vicinity of Kunow was the village of Rychleby or Krchleby , which died out in the 14th century. It is believed that both the village of Rychleby and the Džbán castle were destroyed in 1318 during the fighting between Žatec and Rakovník between Wilhelm Zajíc von Waldeck and King John of Luxembourg . Some researchers believe the St. Adalbert Chapel to be the village chapel of Rychleby , according to which the extinct village must have stood on the plateau. In the 15th century, the estate belonged to Mr. Zucker von Tamfeld, later to Mr. von Nostitz . In 1550 Burjan von Nostitz acquired the Kunow and Velhota estates, and in 1590 his son Johann Adam inherited the property. Together with his son Hans, he took part in the uprising of 1618 . Thanks to an imperial pardon, their Kaunowa estate was spared confiscation. The parish became extinct during the Thirty Years' War, after which it was administered by the Děkov parish until 1707 . After Hans von Nostitz's death, his widow Anna Margaretha inherited the estate, and in 1675 she transferred the Lehnhof to her son Hermann Joachim Nostitz von Nostitz. Anna Margaretha von Nostitz sold the Kaunowa estate on December 10, 1678 to Georg Ludwig von Sinzendorf . At the same time, he also acquired the Kaunowa Lehnhof from Hermann Joachim von Nostitz and added both to his rule at Postelberg . Sinzendorf led the rule to an economic boom and granted his subjects the ransom from the Robot . During his time there was a large influx of German settlers. The name forms Kaunow and Kaunowa can be found for the first time in 1687 in the local registers. On May 24, 1692 Philipp Ludwig Wenzel sold by Sinzendorf the good and the Lehnhof Kaunowa and the Good Welhotten to the landlord of the granary , Ferdinand zu Schwarzenberg . In 1703 Adam Franz zu Schwarzenberg inherited the property; from 1732 he was followed by his son Joseph I. zu Schwarzenberg , who in 1780 raised the rule to the family fideikommiss. He founded a parish and school in Kaunowa in 1744; previously the church was a branch of the parish Vrbno and the lessons took place in an angular school in house number 48. In 1780 Joseph I added the Kaunowa and Welhotten estates to the Kornhaus rulership and raised them to family entails. The following owners were from 1782 Johann I zu Schwarzenberg , from 1789 Joseph II zu Schwarzenberg and from 1833 his eldest son and Fideikommisserbe Johann Adolf II zu Schwarzenberg .
In 1843 the Kaunowa feudal estate with Welhotten comprised a usable area of 2051 yoke 918 square fathoms. The population was predominantly German-speaking. The main source of income was agriculture, especially hops. The Kaunowa Meierhof was leased and the Welhotten Meierhof was emphyteutically sold to the Citolib rulers . The Kaunowa estate comprised a forest area of 1816 yoke 434 square fathoms, which were divided into two forest districts united with the forests of the Postelberg domain - the Kaunower and Welhottner districts - and managed by the forest ranger in Nečenitz ( Nečemice ). The largest company was Aloys Löbl's chicory coffee factory in Kaunowa. In addition, the princes Schwarzenberg, the Franz Fischbachschen heirs and Vincenz Zeßner von Spitzenberg owned coal works near Kaunowa, all of which were leased. The Kaunowa estate included the villages of Kaunowa and Wellhotten ( Lhota pod Džbánem ). The village of Kaunowa or Kaunow / Kauniowa or Konowa consisted of 71 houses with 467 inhabitants, including a Jewish family. The parish church of St. Veit, the parish and the school. There was also a manorial farm in the village. The chapel of St. Adalbert. The ruins of Kaunowa Castle lay on the hill northeast of the village. Kaunowa was the pastor for Wellhotten and Johannesthal . Until the mid-19th century was Kaunowa the Fideikommissherrschaft granary with Kaunowa servants.
After the abolition of patrimonial formed Kaunowa / Kounová 1850 a municipality in the district Rakonitz and judicial district Rakonitz. The end of 1870 that took Buštěhrad Railway the railway traffic between Prague and Sádek on. Until 1874 the school taught bilingual; After the change in the School Act, which no longer allowed bilingual classes, classes were held in German. In 1878 Kaunowa was assigned to the Saaz District and Judicial District. In 1886 a new cemetery was consecrated east of the village and the old cemetery at the church was closed. At the end of the 19th century, the majority of the population lived from agriculture, especially hops and forestry work. In addition, around 30 small coal mines and clay pits were operated. During this time, the Czech-speaking population began to move into the village on the language border. In 1904, the Rakonitz – Laun railway began operating on the Rakovník – Louny line . In 1918 two thirds of the population were German Bohemia. In 1921, 980 people lived in the 177 houses in Kaunowa, including 509 Czechs and 460 German-Bohemians. The large estate of the Schwarzenberg family was parceled out in the 1920s as part of the land reform. In 1926, a Czech-speaking community school opened in Kaunowa. The new schoolhouse for the Czech school Svatopluk Čech , built according to plans by the architect Milan Babuška, was completed in 1930. In 1930 Kaunowa had 1,084 inhabitants, in 1932 there were 980. In the village there was, among other things, the electricity cooperative for Kaunowa , the savings and loan association for Kaunowa , the Polívka estate, six restaurants, a hop dealer, a brick factory, the Adolfschacht coal mine , eleven farmers as well as various craftsmen and traders. In 1934 the teacher Antonín Patejdl discovered the rows of stones on the Rovina. In 1938, the Adolfschacht, the last hard coal mine in Kaunowa, was shut down; a little later, clay and kaolin mining was also stopped.
After the Munich Agreement, the mixed-language village was added to the German Reich in 1938, and Kaunowa station became a border station. In 1939 there were 852 people living in Kaunowa. Until 1945 the community belonged to the Saaz district . After the end of World War II, Kounov returned to Czechoslovakia and the German-speaking population was expelled . In 1960 Kounov was assigned to the Okres Rakovník . In 1980 Janov was incorporated . On November 24, 1990, Janov broke away from Kounov and formed his own community. Kounov is an important hop growing place. The former German school now serves as the seat of the municipal administration.
Community structure
No districts are shown for the municipality of Kounov. Kounov includes the one-layer Na Rovinách and Perun.
Paleontological site
The Kounov coal seam is characterized by rich fossils from the Paleozoic . In the 1870s, Antonín Frič described the fish Trissolepis kounoviensis , and numerous other species of the Paleozoic were first described from the findings of Kounov.
Attractions
- Rows of stones by Kounov, the 14 rows of stones made of over 2000 quartzite stones were discovered in 1934 by the teacher Antonín Patejdl.
- Church of St. Veit, the Gothic building was redesigned in the baroque style in the middle of the 18th century. Next to the church is a two-storey baroque bell tower. The big bell with the year 1584 was a gift from Burjan Nostitz von Nostitz.
- Pilgrimage chapel of St. Adalbert, north of the village on the Rovina, renovated in the baroque style in 1706. According to a legend, St. Adalbert of Prague lost his way in the woods near the court of the Kuna on his way back from Rome and met shepherds in a clearing who showed him the way. When he asked for a potion, they showed him their source, which had dried up into a muddy puddle as a result of a long drought. Adalbert then climbed the nearby plateau and prayed for rain. Shortly thereafter, a thunderstorm approached and ended the drought. The rock above the spring then became a place of pilgrimage. According to some researchers, the chapel is said to have been the village chapel of the village of Krchleby, which died out in 1318.
- Early Rovina castle stables with mighty stone walls, north of the village on the Rovina
- Džbán castle ruins , east of Kounov on the edge of the Džbán plateau
- Primary school, built 1929–1930 according to plans by the architect Milan Babuška as the Czech Civic School Svatopluk Čech
- Sports hall ( Sokolovna ), it was built in 1936–1937 next to the Czech School according to plans by the Prague architect Alois Zima. The construction of the representative building with a large outside staircase was carried out by the Rakonitz builder Vopršal. The jewel is a curtain designed by Oskar Brázda free of charge with allegories from the history of Sokol. On the occasion of the 70th anniversary of the inauguration, the falcon figures destroyed during the German occupation were recreated by the sculptor Václav Krob from Hředle.
- U Tří lip inn with a hall, today it serves as the community's cultural and tourism center and also houses an exhibition on the stone rows.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ http://www.uir.cz/obec/541907/Kounov
- ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
- ↑ Johann Gottfried Sommer : The Kingdom of Bohemia. Represented statistically and topographically. Volume 13: Rakonitz Circle. Calve, Prague 1845, pp. 38-45.
- ↑ Johann Gottfried Sommer: The Kingdom of Bohemia. Represented statistically and topographically. Volume 13: Rakonitz Circle. Calve, Prague 1845, p. 45.
- ↑ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Saaz district (Czech. Zatec). (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
- ↑ http://www.obec-kounov.cz/kounov-v-kostce/tezba-uhli-a-jilu/
- ↑ http://www.obec-kounov.cz/kounov-v-kostce/pametihodnosti/sokolovna/