Oráčov

Oráčov
Basic data
State :	Czech Republic
Region :	Středočeský kraj
District :	Rakovník
Area :	1,603.8365 ha
Geographic location :	50 ° 7 '  N , 13 ° 33'  E Coordinates: 50 ° 6 '39 "  N , 13 ° 32' 53"  E
Height:	393  m nm
Residents :	375 (Jan. 1, 2019)
Postal code :	270 32
License plate :	S.
traffic
Street:	Rakovník - Jesenice
Railway connection:	Rakovník – Bečov nad Teplou
structure
Status:	local community
Districts:	2
administration
Mayor :	Marie Wastlová (as of 2013)
Address:	Oráčov 143 270 32 Oráčov
Municipality number:	542202
Website :	www.oracov.cz
Location of Oráčov in the Rakovník district

Oráčov (German Woratschen ) is a municipality in the Czech Republic . It is located six kilometers northeast of Jesenice and belongs to the Okres Rakovník .

geography

Oráčov is located below the confluence of the Leština on the right bank of the Rakovnický brook ( Jechnitzer brook ) in the Rakonitzer hill country. The village is on the edge of the Jesenicko Nature Park. The Ptačí vrch (431 m) rises to the northeast, the Hokovský vrch (565 m) to the south, the Obecní vrch (589 m) and the Kamenný vrch (529 m) to the southwest and the Lovíč (520 m) to the northwest. State road II / 228 between Rakovník and Jesenice runs through Oráčov . The Rakovník – Bečov nad Teplou railway runs on the southern outskirts .

Neighboring towns are Čížkov, Šmikousy, Kolešov , Hořovičky , Hokov and Heřmanov in the north, Zderaz and Kolešovice in the north-east, Přílepy , Švihov and Pšovlky in the east, Šanov , Nový Dvůr and řeřichy in the south-east, Chmelišné, Héřířichy in the south-east, Klečetné Kosobody, Račí Hrad, U Fikače, Mlýn and Jesenice in the southwest, Hopfův Mlýn, Omáčkovna and Stebno in the west and Poustka, Petrohrad , Chotěšov, Bedlno and Bukov in the northwest.

history

The village was probably founded in the first half of the 13th century. The first written mention of Orachow was in 1295 as the seat of Odolenus de Orachow. Whether this seat was the Starý zámek castle or a fortress in the village cannot be determined; however, the size of Starý zámek would be unusual for a mansion. The castle became extinct during the Hussite Wars . Half of Orachow was attached to the Petersburg estate in the 15th century , while the other half belonged to various owners of surrounding estates. Later the village was attached to the Hokau estate . During the Thirty Years War the village was devastated by Swedish troops. The Church of James the Elder was formerly a branch of the Tschistay parish and then the Dekau parish . In 1707 the owner of the Hokau estate, Wenzel Johann Adalbert Walkaun, Baron von Adlar, had an administrator installed in the church of Woratschen, to whom he granted free table, the enjoyment of the stole and the tithe of 26 Bohemian lines. In 1724 Georg Olivier von Wallis bought the Hokau estate from the barons of Wolkaun. He combined it with the Koleschowitz and Dekau estates in 1744 to form the Koleschowitz rule and declared this to be a family entrepre- neurship . In 1744 his son Stephan Olivier of Wallis inherited the property . Stephan Olivier von Wallis had the church rebuilt in 1746 and given its own pastor. In 1832 Stephan's son Rudolf Olivier Graf von Wallis inherited the property, followed by his son Friedrich Olivier Graf von Wallis in 1838.

In 1843 Woratschen / Worač or Orač consisted of 65 houses with 414 mostly German-speaking residents, including three Jewish families. The parish church of the Apostle Jacob, the parish and the school were under lordly patronage. There was also an aristocratic Meierhof, a dominical hunter's house, two board mills and three grain mills. Apart from that, there were the single layers Žižka-Häusel (an inn), Žižka-Hof (a herding farm and a sheep farm), Lobitsch (a herding house), Obermühle (a grain mill), a forester's house and Hinterwald (a herding house and a Dominikal house). The remains of an old castle were visible on the Kahlenberg. The residents lived primarily from growing hops. Woratschen was the parish for Döreisen ( Zderaz ), Schmihof , Pschoblik , Kletscheding ( Klečetné ), Sossen ( Soseň ), Gossawoda ( Kosobody ) and Wedel ( Bedlno ). Until the middle of the 19th century, Woratschen remained subordinate to the Fideikommissherrschaft Koleschowitz.

After the abolition of patrimonial formed Woratschen / Oráčov 1850 a municipality in the district Saaz and judicial district Jechnitz. In the cholera epidemic of 1866, 30 people died. In 1868 Woratschen was assigned to the Podersam district . As a result of a downpour, the Jechnitz brook swelled into a torrential stream in May 1872 and devastated the village square; The flood left behind meter-high deposits of mud and stones on the meadows. In 1897 the local railway Rakonitz – Petschau – Buchau started operating on the Rakonitz-Luditz . The water of the Jechnitz stream drove eight grinding or sawmills. In addition, several granite quarries were operated in Woratschner Grund by the Mauthausen stone industry , the stones of which were used, among other things, for the construction of the Kaiser Franz Joseph Bridge , as well as a sandstone quarry. In agriculture, the focus was on hop growing. Of the 569 inhabitants that Woratschen had in 1921, 493 were German Bohemians and 73 Czechs. In 1923, a memorial for those who died in the First World War was erected on the village square. In 1930 there were 606 people in Woratschen, compared to 569 in 1932. After the Munich Agreement , the municipality was added to the German Reich in 1938 and belonged to the Podersam district until 1945 . In 1939 the community had 560 inhabitants. After the end of the Second World War, Oráčov returned to Czechoslovakia, and between June 1945 and September 1946 424 German-speaking residents were expelled . The monument to the fallen on the village square was removed as it reminded of Oráčov's German past. The Okres Podbořany was abolished in 1960, since then Oráčov belongs to the Okres Rakovník . In 1961 Klečetné was incorporated. A provisional prison camp was set up in the fields south of the Čížkov farm in 1963; Instead of the barracks, a permanent prison was built at the end of the 1960s. The school in Oráčov was closed in 1977.

Today the village consists of 167 houses with 375 inhabitants, 19 of whom live in the Klečetné district. Of the almost 1604 hectares in the cadastre, 690 hectares are arable land and 52 hectares are forest. Oráčov prison can accommodate 487 male prisoners.

Community structure

The municipality Oráčov consists of the districts and cadastral districts Klečetné ( Kletscheding ) and Oráčov ( Woratschen ). Basic settlement units are Čížkov ( Tschischkahof ), Klečetné and Oráčov.

Attractions

• Catholic Church of St. James the Elder in Oráčov, the baroque building was built in 1746 at the instigation of Stephan Olivier von Wallis instead of a previous building from the 14th century. The organ was made in 1829 by the Guth family organ builders from Čistá . In 1958 the church was declared a cultural monument. In 2008 it began to be repaired.
• Rectory in Oráčov, built in 1710
• Evangelical Church in Oráčov, it was built in 1902 largely with funds from the Schleswig-Holstein Main Association of the Evangelical Gustav Adolf Foundation in Kiel according to plans by the master builder Josef Schindler from Podersam, the bells were a gift from the Saaz cardboard manufacturer Moritz Lüdersdorf. The building with elements of neo-Gothic and neo-Romanesque serves today as the church of the Evangelical Church of the Bohemian Brothers and has been protected as a cultural monument since 2001.
• Starý zámek castle stables, southwest of the village on a rock spur above the Leština; the complex, which was probably built in the 13th century, consisted of a bailey and the actual castle, which were separated by a moat. It was extinguished during the Hussite Wars. Its remains were protected as a cultural monument in 1958.
• Jewish cemetery, in the fields east of Čížkov
• Malý Uran natural monument, southwest of the village on Kosobodský potok
• Statue of the Virgin Mary on the Klečetné village square, the six-meter-high figure was donated by Wenzel Zeiler in 1819
• Trpasličí díra ( dwarf hole ), former tunnel of a silver mine from the middle of the 16th century in the forest near Klečetné
• Chapels of St. Joachim at Hokov, St. Anna on the Lovíč and the Virgin Mary on the road to Zderaz; According to tradition, they were donated around 1600 by three nuns whose carts had passed on the way between Hokov and Oráčov.
• Oráčovské údolí, west of Oráčov located bottom of the Rakovnický potok with meanders, earlier eight mills were operated there.

Web links

• History of Oráčov

Individual evidence

1. ↑ http://www.uir.cz/obec/542202/Oracov
2. ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
3. ↑ Johann Gottfried Sommer : The Kingdom of Bohemia. Represented statistically and topographically. Volume 13: Rakonitz Circle. Calve, Prague 1845, pp. 30-31.
4. ↑ Johann Gottfried Sommer: The Kingdom of Bohemia. Represented statistically and topographically. Volume 13: Rakonitz Circle. Calve, Prague 1845, 36.
5. ^ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Podersam district (Czech: Podborany). (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006). 
6. ↑ http://www.uir.cz/casti-obce-obec/542202/Obec-Oracov
7. ↑ http://www.uir.cz/katastralni-uzemi-obec/542202/Obec-Oracov
8. ↑ http://www.uir.cz/zsj-obec/542202/Obec-Oracov