Zbečno
| Zbečno | |||||
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| Basic data | |||||
| State : |
 Czech Republic
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| Region : | Středočeský kraj | ||||
| District : | Rakovník | ||||
| Area : | 1514.8822 ha | ||||
| Geographic location : | 50 ° 2 ' N , 13 ° 55' E | ||||
| Height: | 235 m nm | ||||
| Residents : | 559 (Jan. 1, 2019) | ||||
| Postal code : | 270 24 | ||||
| License plate : | S. | ||||
| traffic | |||||
| Street: | Unhošť - Křivoklát | ||||
| Railway connection: | Beroun – Rakovník | ||||
| structure | |||||
| Status: | local community | ||||
| Districts: | 2 | ||||
| administration | |||||
| Mayor : | Stanislav Dryják (as of 2013) | ||||
| Address: | Zbečno 7 270 24 Zbečno |
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| Municipality number: | 542610 | ||||
| Website : | www.obec-zbecno.cz | ||||
| Location of Zbečno in the Rakovník district | |||||
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Zbečno (German Sbetschno , also Zbetschno ) is a municipality in the Czech Republic . It is located 14 kilometers northwest of Beroun and belongs to the Okres Rakovník .
geography
Zbečno is located in the highlands Křivoklátská in the conservation area Křivoklátsko . The village lies below the confluence of the Klíčava on the left bank of the Berounka . To the east, the municipality encompasses the forest area around the Klíčava dam, to the southwest the Berounka loop from Újezd, and to the west it extends into the Štíhlice valley. To the north rise the Sklada (453 m) and the Zakopané (417 m), in the northeast the Pozdětina (412 m) and the Stará obora (459 m), to the east the Křížovská hora (442 m), the Jalový (450 m) and the Pěnčína (416 m), in the southeast of the Lom (406 m), southwest of the Lipový vrch (374 m) and in the northwest of the Javůrek (445 m). The state road II / 201 between Křivoklát and Unhošť runs through Zbečno . The Beroun – Rakovník railway line runs on the opposite bank of the river, and the Zbečno railway station is opposite the Sýkořice quarry.
Neighboring towns are Požáry, Plačkov, Novina and Klíčava in the north, Fialka, Kaly, Bratronice and Běleč in the north-east, Podřeže, Vrška and Senecká in the east, Sýkořice in the south-east, Račice and Karlov in the south, Dubina, Častonice and Roztoky in the south-west, Amalín Křivoklát , Újezd nad Zbečnem and Pohořelec in the west and Písky in the northwest.
history
Finds of barrows show that the municipality was settled during the Hallstatt period .
Zbečno was probably founded in the 10th century during the first national colonization. The origin of the settlement was a wooden courtyard fortified to the south with ditches and ramparts at the confluence of the Klíčava with the Berounka. When there was no longer enough space, the settlers built new houses around it. Zbečno was first mentioned in writing in 1003, shortly after the Křivoklát castle was first mentioned. At that time, the place had grown into one of the most important economic centers of the Přemyslids , the area of which extended to Plasy in the west . The chronicler Cosmas of Prague also described in his Chronica Boemorum as a princely seat. The decorations of later chroniclers gave rise to legends that the castle of the legendary Bohemian ruler Krok and the seat of St. Wenzel should have found. In 1100, Duke Břetislav II was shot while returning from a hunt in the Zbečno area. Duke Vladislav I had the Křivoklát hunting castle expanded into a stone castle around 1110, so that the wooden castle complex Zbečno lost its importance and fell into disrepair. In the following time the name of the hunting area changed from Zbečenský hvozd to Křivoklátský hvozd ( Pürglitzer forest ). The village was now on the hunting route of the Přemyslid dukes from Prague to Křivoklát Castle . To ensure the protection of the castle, King Ottokar II Přemysl introduced a feudal system, according to which the free subjects were obliged to defend the castle or to perform other services. Several residents of Zbečno were responsible for cleaning, firing, hunting and fishing at Křivoklát Castle. Even after the forests were transferred to the Křivoklát Castle, Zbečno remained the economic center of the rule. At the beginning of the 14th century, Heinrich von Carinthia's troops invaded the area, while Burgrave Wilhelm Zajíc von Waldek captured 13 Carinthians; he had them hung on an oak tree and later buried. The Flurname Zajícův dub and the later built on the site of the tomb bastion Zakopané reminders of the event. There is evidence of a parish in Zbečno in 1330; the rectory was probably built on the site of the desolate royal court. At that time the pastor of Zbečno was responsible for a. also the administration of the parishes of Stradonice , Nové Strašecí , Mutějovice and Nezabudice . Zbečno was burned down during the Hussite Wars . Although the church was ruined, the parish remained one of two Catholic parishes in the Rakonitz district . The times of peace since the middle of the 15th century brought prosperity again to Zbečno. In 1450 the village smithy was built. Along with the expansion of the Bürg Pürglitz, during the reign of Vladislav II Jagiello in the 1470s, a renovation of the church began, which was completed in 1520 and was probably carried out under the management of the Pürglitzer Bauhütte. By King Vladislav II Jagiello, Zbečno was elevated to a town at the beginning of the 16th century and received market privileges. During the Thirty Years' War Zbečno was completely ruined and devastated; What remained was a village consisting of 17 houses with three hubs and 14 chalets, in which 73 people lived. In 1685 Leopold I sold the rule to Ernst Joseph Count von Waldstein . The main source of income was forestry and hunting. At this time there were also the first changes in the previously inexhaustible game population of the Pürglitzer forest; the last bear was shot in 1692 and no lynx have been sighted since 1695. The hallways of the village were stony and unsuitable for agriculture. Therefore only barley and potatoes were grown, most of the areas were used for fodder production for cattle and sheep breeding. The main source of income was charcoal burning and rafting on the Klíčava, which was dammed in three ponds for this purpose. In 1731 Johann Joseph Graf von Waldstein bequeathed the rule to his daughter and universal heiress Maria Anna Fürstin zu Fürstenberg , who in 1756 united her in a will with the rule of Kruschowitz and the Gut Nischburg to form a family entailment of 400,000 guilders. Half of the inheritance went to her sons Joseph Wenzel zu Fürstenberg-Stühlingen and Karl Egon I zu Fürstenberg, the other half to her daughters Henriette Fürstin von Thurn und Taxis and Maria Theresia zu Fürstenberg. She appointed her second-born son Karl Egon I as Fideikommisserbeer , who also acquired the shares of his siblings through compensation. There is evidence of a school in Zbečno since 1772; the old schoolhouse was demolished in 1797 and replaced by a new building, which had to be expanded in 1846 for three-class teaching.
After the death of Karl Egon I, his eldest son Philipp Fürst zu Fürstenberg († 1790) inherited the property in 1787, followed by his children Karl Gabriel zu Fürstenberg († 1799) and Leopoldine Princess of Hesse-Rothenburg-Rheinfels. In 1803, the female heirs renounced a family settlement in favor of the minor Karl Egon II zu Fürstenberg and the princely and landgrave houses of Fürstenberg; Joachim Egon Landgraf von Fürstenberg was appointed as administrator until he came of age in 1817. The rafting became less and less important in the 19th century. The old cemetery including the bell tower on the cemetery wall was demolished in 1830.
In 1843 Zbetschno / Zbečno consisted of 80 houses with 662 inhabitants. The parish church of St. Martin and the parish school. There was also a mill in the village. The workers' colony ( Senecká ) and a Hegerhaus ( Novina ) as well as the castle ruins Hiwna and Giwno ( Jiwno ) lay apart . Zbetschno was the parish for Augezd ob Zbečno , Ratschitz and Sikořitz . Until the middle of the 19th century, Zbetschno remained subordinate to Fideikommiss Pürglitz .
After the abolition of patrimonial formed Zbečno / Zbetschno 1850 with the districts Újezd nad Zbečnem, Sýkořice and Račice a municipality in the district Rakonitz and judicial district Křivoklát . In 1853 Sýkořice and Račice broke up and formed the municipality Sýkořice. After the death of Karl Egon II zu Fürstenberg in 1854, his second-born son Max Egon I inherited the Fideikommiss Pürglitz. In 1862 the community bought itself free from the rule of Pürglitz. As a result of the devastating floods of the Berounka, which created a new river bed, rafting was completely stopped in 1872. The Rakonitz – Protivín Railway began operating the Beroun – Rakovník line on April 30, 1876 ; A ferry led to the Zbečno train station, which was located in the Újezd nad Zbečnem cadastre. After 360 children started school in Zbečno in 1880, a fourth class was taught in a rented room. In 1882 a new school building was built. In 1899 Újezd nad Zbečnem also became independent. In 1904 a gendarmerie station and a post office were set up in Zbečno, the latter was given the status of a post office in 1919. In the 1920s the community was "discovered" by summer visitors from Prague and Kladno . Between 1925 and 1926 the road from Běleč to Křivoklát that ran through the whole village was built. In 1925 the Berounka Bridge was inaugurated, connecting Zbečno with Újezd nad Zbečnem. In 1932 there were 875 people in Zbečno; There was a post office, a telegraph office, a gendarmerie station and a Catholic church in the village. Between 1950 and 1953, a drinking water dam for Kladno was built on the Klíčava in the Laner zoo. In 1953, the settlement Senecká, located on the hill east of Zbečno, including the one-layer Vrška after Sýkořice, was resumed. After more than 500 years, the village blacksmith ceased operations in 1972. On January 1, 1980, Újezd nad Zbečnem and Račice were incorporated, and since the beginning of 1992 Račice has again formed its own municipality.
Zbečno is now a resort, with 460 holiday cottages built since the 1950s.
Community structure
The municipality of Zbečno consists of the districts and cadastral districts Újezd nad Zbečnem ( Aujest near Sbetschno ) and Zbečno ( Sbetschno ). Basic settlement units are Klíčava, Pohořelec ( Pohorzeletz ), Újezd nad Zbečnem and Zbečno. Zbečno also includes the Novina ( Nowina ), Plačkov ( Platschkow ) and Zakopané layers.
Attractions
- Baroque parish church of St. Martin, a previous building was probably built in the 10th century. There is evidence of a parish in Zbečno since 1330. The current church was built in the years 1714–1716 instead of a ruined previous building. The tower on the west side of the church was added in 1831.
- Rectory, built between 1707 and 1711
- The ruins of the Jivno ( Giwno ) castle above the Klíčava reservoir
- Brdatka nature reserve, rocky slope on the Berounka between Zbečno and Křivoklát
- Klíčava dam north of Zbečno, it is used to supply drinking water to Kladno and the surrounding area. The dam height is 50 m.
- Viewpoint on the Pěnčina
- Timbered storage house Hamousův statek or Rychta , it is said to have been built in 1760, but tendrological investigations have established that the wooden structure dates from the 16th century. It now serves as a museum.
- Farm building No. 29 in Zadní konec, it served as a backdrop for the films Ukřižovaná (1921), Kříž u potoka (1921) and Dům ztraceného štěstí (1928).
- Masaryk Bridge, completed in 1925
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ http://www.uir.cz/obec/542610/Zbecno
- ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
- ↑ Johann Gottfried Sommer : The Kingdom of Bohemia. Represented statistically and topographically. Volume 13: Rakonitz Circle. Calve, Prague 1845, p. 281.
- ↑ http://www.uir.cz/casti-obce-obec/542610/Obec-Zbecno
- ↑ http://www.uir.cz/katastralni-uzemi-obec/542610/Obec-Zbecno
- ↑ http://www.uir.cz/zsj-obec/542610/Obec-Zbecno