Lány u Rakovníka
| Lány | |||||
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| Basic data | |||||
| State : |
 Czech Republic
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| Region : | Středočeský kraj | ||||
| District : | Kladno | ||||
| Area : | 3401 ha | ||||
| Geographic location : | 50 ° 7 ' N , 13 ° 57' E | ||||
| Height: | 420 m nm | ||||
| Residents : | 2,196 (Jan 1, 2019) | ||||
| Postal code : | 270 61 | ||||
| License plate : | S. | ||||
| traffic | |||||
| Street: | Stochov - Beroun | ||||
| structure | |||||
| Status: | local community | ||||
| Districts: | 2 | ||||
| administration | |||||
| Mayor : | Karel Sklenička (as of 2018) | ||||
| Address: | Masarykovo nám. 9 270 61 Lány |
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| Municipality number: | 541991 | ||||
| Website : | www.obec-lany.cz | ||||
| Location of Lány in the Kladno district | |||||
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Lány (German Lana , formerly Lahn ) is a municipality in the Czech Republic . It is located about 40 km west of Prague , five kilometers southeast of Nové Strašecí and belongs to the Okres Kladno .
geography
The village is located at the transition from the Pürglitzer forest to the Kladno coal basin at 420 m above sea level. The state road 236 between Slaný and Roztoky leads through Lány , from which state road 116 branches off to Beroun .
Neighboring towns are Vašírov and Stochov in the north, Tuchlovice in the northeast, Kamenné Žehrovice in the east, Pustá Dobrá and Žilina in the southeast, Ploskov and Nový Dvůr in the south.
history
Lány emerged in the 13th century of colonization according to the German Hufendorfer scheme. In contrast to the Slavic foundations, the central village square is missing and the settlement took place in circles along the paths leading out of the village. Its name is also derived from Hufe (Czech: Lán ). Lány was first mentioned in 1392 as the property of the Kladenský family from Kladno, who also owned a wooden fortress here. In the 16th century Jan Hromada z Boršic was the lord of Lány and in 1528 he sold his property to Heinrich von Zedlitz on Schönfeld. Shortly before Lány was sold to Jiřík Bořita von Martinic in 1581 , the Zedlitz family replaced the old fortress with a stone building in the Renaissance style. In 1589 Emperor Rudolf II acquired Lány and Vašírov; he had the fortress converted into a hunting lodge in 1592 and struck the village of Lány under royal rule with the Křivoklát castle (German: Pürglitz) as the center.
The Thirty Years War left the place deserted and the Renaissance castle was destroyed. The Bohemian berní rula of that time shows only eight calipers and one homestead for Lány . In 1652 the castle was renovated as a baroque building and in 1658 Leopold I pledged the rule of Pürglitz to the Schwarzenbergs . In 1685 the Waldsteiners acquired Pürglitz. Emperor hunts were held in the Pürglitzer Wald and a 9000 hectare zoo was created in the north of the forest area in 1713. In 1730 Johann Josef von Waldstein had the castle rebuilt. In 1731 his daughter and sole heir Maria Anna sold the rule to Joseph Wilhelm von Fürstenberg , who chose Lány Castle as his seat and also brought his wife's family with him. Under the Fürstenbergers, the castle economy was transformed into a large estate administration. His son Karl Egon I had the old zoo enclosed with a 27 kilometer long stone wall in 1777, the construction of which was completed in 1787. Between 1785 and 1787 there was a Higher Agricultural Educational Institute in Lány, headed by Karl Egon I von Fürstenberg, which was the first of its kind in the Austrian monarchy.
Lány was parish to the Smečno Deanery. The castle church was reserved for the princes von Fürstenberg and their staff as a castle chapel until 1787 and then became a place with pastoral care for the whole place. Smečno was also a school location for Lány until its own school was built. During the Napoleonic Wars, Russian troops moved through and set up a hospital in the palace in 1813 . Under Joachim von Fürstenberg, the old Waldsteiner zoo was dissolved in 1817 and another, smaller zoo was laid out on parts of the area of the Lanaer Hirschgarten and at Rentsch . Between 1821 and 1825 Karl Egon II von Fürstenberg had the palace added a second floor.
In 1830 the Prague – Lana horse-drawn tram started running . The third public railway of this type on the European mainland was in operation until 1869. After 1830, coal mining began in Lana. The most important mine was the Beatti colliery. In 1921 the mining was stopped again. In 1850, the castle park, which had existed since 1770, was expanded, the fortifications were removed and the moats filled. In the east of the castle grounds, large horse stables were built in 1861. In 1869 there were 1111 people in Lana. Irma von Fürstenberg founded the Lana children's institution in 1894.
In the years 1902 to 1903, a further reconstruction of the castle took place, during which the building was increased by a third mansard floor and received its present appearance. Archduke Franz Ferdinand d´Este was a frequent guest of Max Egon II zu Fürstenberg at Lana Castle during this time .
After the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy and the founding of Czechoslovakia , the Fürstenbergs' large estates in this country were partially nationalized (and then largely privatized) through the land reform of 1921. The Lány Castle went through sale on the Czechoslovak State and has since been used as a second home and summer residence of the president. The first Czechoslovak President, Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk , was very involved in the life of the village and in 1923 opened an official office in the village. A cinema was set up in the castle for the president and the castle staff, which loaned the projection technology and films to the Red Cross free of charge for performances in the village. In 1930 Masaryk received honorary citizenship of the community.
In 1928 the president's daughter Alice Masaryková had a house built for the Czechoslovak Red Cross in the village, which in 1939 also received a license to operate a cinema. Masaryk supported the construction of a new school between 1931 and 1932 with 1 million crowns from his private fortune.
After the Second World War, the Lány State Estate was transferred to the Agricultural College. In 1991 there were 1604 residents in the community and in 1997 it received a new coat of arms. Until 2006 Lány belonged to Okres Rakovník and was assigned to Okres Kladno on January 1, 2007.
Community structure
The municipality of Lány consists of the districts Lány ( Lana ) and Vašírov ( Waschirow ), which also form cadastral districts. Lány to also include the local situation as well as the Stare Lány monolayer Hořkovec ( Horschkowetz ) Klíčava ( Klitschawa ), Novy Dvur ( Neuhof ), Pine, Pustinka ( Pustadobra ) and Šubrt ( Schuberthof ). Basic settlement units are Lány, Nový Dvůr and Vašírov.
Attractions
- Lány Castle , the summer residence of the Czech President with an adjacent castle park and the Lana Deer Garden
- Jesu Church, built 1748–1752 as a rococo chapel at the castle
- Remains of the Prague – Lana horse-drawn tram west of the village
- The burial place of the married couple Charlotte and Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk and other family members in the Lány cemetery
- Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk Museum, branch of the Masaryk Museum in Rakovník
- Sports automobile museum, established in 1997
- Remains of the fortress Sobín, built around 1330, west of the village
- The ruins of the Jivno ( Giwno ) castle above the Klíčava reservoir
Honorary citizen
- Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk , 1930
Sons and daughters of the church
- Max Egon II. Zu Fürstenberg (1863–1941), registrar, entrepreneur and politician
- Charles Loewner (1893–1968), mathematician
Individual evidence
- ↑ http://www.uir.cz/obec/541991/Lany
- ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
- ↑ http://www.uir.cz/casti-obce-obec/541991/Obec-Lany
- ↑ http://www.uir.cz/katastralni-uzemi-obec/541991/Obec-Lany
- ↑ http://www.uir.cz/zsj-obec/541991/Obec-Lany
Web links
