Kožlany
| Kožlany | |||||
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| Basic data | |||||
| State : |
 Czech Republic
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| Region : | Plzeňský kraj | ||||
| District : | Plzeň-sever | ||||
| Area : | 2919 ha | ||||
| Geographic location : | 50 ° 0 ' N , 13 ° 32' E | ||||
| Height: | 413 m nm | ||||
| Residents : | 1,451 (Jan 1, 2019) | ||||
| Postal code : | 331 41 - 331 44 | ||||
| traffic | |||||
| Railway connection: | Rakovník – Mladotice | ||||
| structure | |||||
| Status: | city | ||||
| Districts: | 5 | ||||
| administration | |||||
| Mayor : | Vladimír Přibyl (status: 2007) | ||||
| Address: | Kožlany 135 331 44 Kožlany |
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| Municipality number: | 559067 | ||||
| Website : | www.kozlany.cz | ||||
Kožlany , until 1924 Kozlany (German: Koschlan ), is a city in the Czech Republic . It is located five kilometers east of Kralovice and belongs to the Plzeňský kraj .
geography
The city is 413 m above sea level. M. on a plateau in the basin of the Kožlanský potok, a small tributary of the Javornice, in the Rakonitz hill country (Rakovnická pahorkatina). To the north and east the landscape drops steeply into the valleys of the Hradecký potok and the Javornice, at the confluence of which east of Kožlany the remains of the Angerbach castle can be found. The state road between Kralovice and Rakovník runs through Kožlany . To the north runs the branch line from Rakovník to Mladotice , where Kožlany has a train stop to the west outside the city.
Neighboring towns are Samota pod Mostem and Kůzová in the north, Čistá in the northeast, Břežany and Hedčany in the east, Černíkovice and Dřevec in the south, Kralovice in the west and Hradecko in the northwest.
history
Kožlany was established in the 13th century when King Ottokar I Přemysl established a hunting lodge there. Around 1230 the Plasy Monastery bought Kožlany from the royal chamber. In 1238 King Wenceslas I canceled the sale and exchanged the place for Žihle . A settlement was established between 1240 and 1250. There is evidence of a parish church since 1283. In 1313 King John of Bohemia permitted Otto Kožlanský z Kožlan to locate the place under emphytheutical law. Charles IV raised Kožlany to a town with market rights on August 12, 1351 and added it to the Angerbach lordship , which was part of the Křivoklát royal castle .
Georg von Podiebrad left the rule of Angerbach to his vassal Jobst von Einsiedel, to whom Vladislav II still granted the coat of arms and brewing rights. At the end of the 16th century Kožlany came back into royal possession and was assigned to the Zbiroh Castle . In 1601 Jobst's younger brother Heinrich Jakob Teyrowsky von Einsiedel bought the market town back from Rudolf II and granted the place the privilege to set up its own administration and a town hall.
In the Thirty Years' War Kožlany was badly damaged. Jews have been traceable in the town since 1672 and the Jewish cemetery was built around 1700 two kilometers north of Kožlany on the former Gallows Hill near Kůzová. In 1702 the Teyrowsky sold the property to Wenzel Joseph Lazansky von Buggau ( Lažanský z Bukové ). During this time, the importance of the spot declined and it became impoverished. The owner Maria Gabriela Lazansky von Chudenice had the privileges for the market town confirmed by Maria Theresa in the 18th century . During this time, large parts of the town were destroyed by the three town fires of 1768, 1773 and 1789.
At the beginning of the 19th century, the number of Jewish citizens in the town had declined so much that the Jewish community died out, the Jewish cemetery was taken over by the Kůzová community and used it for burials until 1940. In 1848 a People's Guard was founded in Kožlany. In 1924 the place name Kozlany, which had been in use until then, was changed to Kožlany. In 1946 the former school was converted into a museum.
Attractions
- Remains of the Angerbach Castle
- St. Laurentius Church, built before 1384 in Gothic style, rebuilt after it was destroyed by the Taborites in 1430 and redesigned in baroque style in the 18th century. In 1949 a painting of St. Laurentius by Peter Johann Brandl was discovered in the church .
- Statues of St. Joseph and the Madonna in the porch of the church
- Statue of St. John of Nepomuk, created 1737, east of the church
- town hall
- former inn with brewery
- old pottery workshop with historic pottery kiln
- Beneš birthplace
- Jewish Cemetery
- Museum in the former school with exhibitions on Edvard Beneš and Josef Klír
Community structure
The town of Kožlany includes the districts Buček ( Butschek ), Dřevec ( Drewetz ), Hedčany ( Hetzan ) and Hodyně ( Hodina ).
Personalities
sons and daughters of the town
- Josef Klír (1860–1916), Czech painter
- Vojta Beneš (1878–1950), Czech politician
- Edvard Beneš (1884–1948), President of Czechoslovakia
Lived and worked in the city
- Josef Holý (1853–1931), Czech composer
- Václav Levý (1820–1870), Czech sculptor
