Tallow

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Coordinates: 52 ° 6 ′  N , 8 ° 0 ′  W

Map: Ireland
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Tallow​
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Ireland
Tallow: Convent Street, looking north

Tallow ( Irish Tulach an Iarainn ) is a municipality in County Waterford , Ireland , to the 27 townlands with a total of 1,271 inhabitants (2011).

Geographical location

Tallow is on the western border of County Waterford, on the road between the towns of Lismore and Youghal . The municipality is divided into the very fertile low-lying land in the valley of the Bride River, which flows into the River Blackwater, and the uplands further south. The municipality is characterized by layers of different sedimentary rocks , with limestone and slate in the valley basin and old-red sandstone in the uplands.

history

On a map made by Josias Bateman in 1716 there are references to Neolithic stone setting in the Oberland, almost all of which are no longer recognizable on the surface. There are also indications in the Oberland of Raths from the early Christian period .

A church in Tallow is documented for 1199 and it may even date back to before the English invasion of 1159. It is possible that the settlement , which had grown significantly in the 13th century, belonged to a fief that the FitzGeralds family received in the end of the 12th century. However, the early settlement did not have city rights.

After the Desmond Rebellions were put down , Tallow fell to Walter Raleigh in 1587 . At the time, Tallow was described as shabby and the new English settlers initially had little support and inadequate conditions. In addition, there was growing resistance from the uprooted population, who found the opportunity for increasingly militant uprisings during the nine-year war that took place mainly in the north . a. Tallow was also burned down by the insurgents. Tallow had about sixty English households at the time. Raleigh was financially drained by the aftermath of the war and was forced to sell his extensive estates in Munster , including Tallow, to Richard Boyle in 1602, well below their value .

For Tallow, the change of ownership turned out to be a happy one, as Boyle built an ironworks in Tallow as early as 1608, benefiting from the local timber wealth , which greatly contributed to the growing prosperity of the settlement, which was given borough status in 1613 . During this time Tallow developed into a local center for the English settlers with Tallowbridge , Curraglass , Lisfinny , Kilmacoe and Moegeley in the immediate vicinity. In 1622 Tallow already had 150 houses. The city developed on two intersecting streets and had a courthouse , a prison and a market hall . There is no evidence of a city ​​wall , only a Landwehr is documented for 1641.

The wool- processing textile industry in Tallow, which was founded by Flemish and Huguenot immigrants or English settlers with ties to the Netherlands , became important. They all benefited from Boyle's generous financial support. The textiles were then shipped via Youghal to the Netherlands, where they were processed into finished goods. Also has tanneries , breweries , flour mills and the cultivation of tobacco . In close proximity to Tallow there was also a Boyle-sponsored glass industry, which is still remembered by the names of the townlands Curryglass and Glasshouse, which are already in County Cork .

Agriculture grew in importance in the 18th century. Demand for dairy products in particular increased, with the result that land prices and rents rose. The population also increased. The ownership structure remained largely unchanged and townlands were largely used as lease units. According to the different geography in the lower and upper lands, adapted settlement methods resulted. In the valley basin, the tenant farmers lived in slate houses . The properties, some of which also included a whey house , other huts, vegetable gardens and orchards, were typically fenced and were either in the middle of the respective townland or in the immediate vicinity of a street. In comparison, the settlements in the Oberland, consisting of only one to three huts, were much poorer. In the second half of the 18th century, parts of the land were increasingly sold to the tenants. In 1790 only eight of the original 44 townlands belonged to the Devonshire estate, to which the legacy of Richard Boyle belonged. In the 19th century, however, ownership increasingly concentrated again on fewer families. By 1850, 80% of the land ownership was split between just seven owners.

With the support of the Board of First Fruits , the Protestant St. Paul Church was built in 1775, which consists of only one nave with lancet windows and a tower. The church is no longer used by the Anglican Church. The Catholic Church of the Conception of Mary was built in 1836 with a main nave and transept in the early neo -Gothic style. In 1868 a tower was added. The town center is still dominated by the shops and pubs built in the 19th century.

Personalities

On the outer wall of the parish hall three personalities are honored with plaques who were either born or raised in Tallow: John Hogan (1800-1858) was a sculptor of mostly religious works who worked in Rome. Tobias Kirby (1804-1894) was Rector of the Irish College in Rome and closest friend of Cardinal and Dublin Archbishop Paul Cullen . Frank Ryan (1900-1965) was an opera tenor .

  • John Hogan

  • Tobias Kirby

  • Frank Ryan

literature

  • Patrick O'Flanagan: Rural Change South of the River Bride in Counties Cork and Waterford: The Surveyors' Evidence 1716–1851 . In: Irish Geography . tape 15 , no. 1 , 1982, ISSN  0075-0778 , pp. 51-69 , doi : 10.1080 / 00750778209478886 .
  • Michael MacCarthy-Morrogh: The Munster Plantation . English Migration to Southern Ireland 1583–1641. Clarendon Press, Oxford 1986, ISBN 0-19-822952-6 .
  • Michael Moore (Ed.): Archaeological Inventory of County Waterford . Stationary Office, Dublin 1999, ISBN 0-7076-6215-X .
  • Nicholas Canny: Making Ireland British 1580-1650 . Oxford University Press, Oxford 2001, ISBN 0-19-820091-9 .

Web links

Commons : Tallow, County Waterford  - Collection of pictures, videos, and audio files

Remarks

  1. ↑ Classified under Tallow : Table 6: Population of each Province, County, City, urban area, rural area and Electoral Division, 2006 and 2011. (PDF; 3.8 MB) p. 99 , archived from the original on October 10, 2012 ; Retrieved June 15, 2012 .
  2. ↑ Tulach to Iarainn. Retrieved June 15, 2012 .
  3. ^ O'Flanagan, p. 53.
  4. ^ Moore, p. 291; O'Flanagan, p. 53.
  5. ↑ Entries 239, 272, 274 and 1729 in Moore.
  6. ↑ Entries 925 and 1185 in Moore.
  7. ↑ a b c d Moore, entry 1543.
  8. ↑ MacCarthy-Morrogh, p. 128.
  9. ↑ MacCarthy-Morrogh, p. 118.
  10. ↑ MacCarthy-Morrogh, p. 141.
  11. ↑ a b Canny, p. 320.
  12. ↑ MacCarthy-Morrogh, p. 257; Robert Dunlop: An unpublished survey of the plantation of Munster in 1622 . In: The Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland . tape 14 , 1924, pp. 128-146 .
  13. ↑ MacCarthy-Morrogh, p. 234.
  14. ^ Jean Farrelly: From Sand and Ash: Glassmaking in Early Seventeenth-Century Ireland . In: John M. Hearne (Ed.): Glassmaking in Ireland . Irish Academic Press, Dublin 2010, ISBN 978-0-7165-3106-7 , pp. 40 .
  15. ^ O'Flanagan, p. 54.
  16. ^ O'Flanagan, p. 55.
  17. ^ O'Flanagan, p. 65.
  18. ↑ Saint Paul's Church, Mill Road, Tallow, County Waterford. National Inventory of Architectural Heritage, accessed August 5, 2013 .
  19. ^ A b Waterford County Development Plan 2011–2017, Tallow. (PDF; 351 kB) Accessed August 5, 2013 .
  20. ^ Catholic Church of the Immaculate Conception, Chapel Street (Capel Street), Tallow, County Waterford. National Inventory of Architectural Heritage, accessed August 5, 2013 .
  21. ↑ Fintan Cullen: Hogan, John . In: WJ McCormack (Ed.): The Blackwell Companion to Modern Irish Culture . Blackwell, Oxford 1999, ISBN 0-631-22817-9 .
  22. ^ Dáire Keogh, Albert McDonnell (Ed.): Cardinal Paul Cullen and his World . Four Courts Press, Dublin 2011, ISBN 978-1-84682-235-3 , pp. 79,216,266 .
  23. ↑ Frank Ryan. (PDF; 498 kB) Accessed August 5, 2013 .