War Commissioner
The war commissioner or war commissioner was an official who gained great importance in Europe, especially since the second half of the 17th century. New resource extraction tasks in the context of the emerging standing armies reflected absolutist tendencies of the time.
tasks
He was a military officer in the armies of former German states who was subordinate to the director during the war and was responsible for catering to the troops. 1704: the "war commissarius is under the chief commissarii comando and not only examines the troops, but also arranges payment". He also had the task of organizing the installation and transport of the magazines and of procuring the necessary means of transport and supplies, unless this was assigned to special units or formations.
In 1715, a distinction was made between the following ranks ("there are different types of war commissaries"):
- general-kriegs-commissarios ( general war commissarios ), who 1. pay the voelcker ( divisions ), 2. carry out their inspection, 3. carry out invoices and rolls, 4. take the eyd from the officiers, 5. assemble have to set up etc.; and after the lieutenant general , your office is not the noblest, but the most important.
- regiments-commissarios (regiment commissarios), who depend on the general-commissario and, by the way, have to do with each regiment what the general-commissarius with the whole army.
- marsch-commissarios (march commissioner), who instruct the marching troops the march route and qvartiere; And because they have to give notice of the country through which the march is going, one takes a resident and especially one who has been in war and knows how to deal with soldiers.
At the beginning of the 20th century this facility no longer existed. The tasks were transferred to the field management and the stage system.
Kingdom of Prussia
The use of the noun war commissioner resulted in numerous word creations in German-speaking countries. For example, under Friedrich Wilhelm I (1688–1740) of Prussia, the official seat of the military administration in his countries was called the War Commissariat or Chamber of Commerce . These were combined in the course of an administrative reform in war and domain chambers . For example, the Pomeranian War and Domain Chamber in Stettin was established in the Pomeranian province .
Russian Empire
War Commissioner (original name in Russian Кригскомиссар / Krigskomissar ) - was a military post (introduced around 1707) and at the same time a rank (from 1722) in the area of the administration of the armed forces in Tsarist Russia or the Russian Empire . The war commissioner was the authorized representative of the armed forces until around 1868, among other things, with regard to logistics , clothing, finance , hand weapons, supplies , hospital services , etc.
According to the ranking table , he corresponded to the rank fund K7 and was the lieutenant colonel ( Podpolkownik ) in the army and the frigate captain in the navy ( Kapitan wtorowo ranga ) equated.
Ranking K7 to K2 according to the ranking table:
- War Commissioner - Class K7
- Higher war commissioner (Ober-krigskomissar) - rank class K6
- Ster war commissioner (Schter-krigskomissar) - rank class K5
- Supreme War Commissioner (Ober-schter-krigskomissar) - rank class K4
- General War Commissioner - Class K3
- General Plenipotenziar -krigs-Komissar (General-plenipotenziar-krigs-Komissar) - rank class K2
Socialist states
In the armed forces of socialist states as well as during the Spanish Civil War , the political officers were also called war commissioners.
literature
- Bernhard von Poten (Ed.): Concise dictionary of the entire military sciences. Volume 6. Velhagen & Klasing, Leipzig / Bielefeld 1878, p. 47, Textarchiv - Internet Archive
Individual evidence
- ↑ War Commissioner . In: Former Academy of Sciences of the GDR, Heidelberg Academy of Sciences (Hrsg.): German legal dictionary . tape 7 , issue 10 (edited by Günther Dickel , Heino Speer, with the assistance of Renate Ahlheim, Richard Schröder, Christina Kimmel, Hans Blesken). Hermann Böhlaus successor, Weimar 1983, OCLC 832567164 ( adw.uni-heidelberg.de ).
- ↑ Табель о рангах , part - Military ranks 1722-1917 , accessed on May 12, 2017.