Music year 1722

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Music year 1722
The well-tempered piano
“The Well-Tempered Clavier”, title page

Johann Sebastian Bach finishes the composition of his Well-Tempered Clavier (Volume I)

Events

Johann Sebastian Bach

  • Johann Sebastian Bach has been Kapellmeister and director of their Cammer music at the court of Prince Leopold von Anhalt-Köthen in Köthen since August 7, 1717 . Bach values ​​the young musical prince, who often takes part as a violinist in the orchestra and is obviously close to him personally.
  • In Köthen, Bach can compose for an excellent band. Prince Leopold has employed up to 17 musicians, some of whom come from the chapel of the Prussian King Friedrich Wilhelm I , which was dissolved in 1713 . Eight of the instrumentalists, including Christian Ferdinand Abel , are of soloist quality and have the rank of Cammermusicus.
Clavier booklet before Anna Magdalena Bachin in the year 1722 , cover sheet
  • Johann Sebastian Bach and his second wife Anna Magdalena put together the first sheet music for Anna Magdalena Bach as a contribution to the musical education of their children . The music book contains the early versions of the French suites .
  • In Koethen, Bach completed Part I of his work The Well-Tempered Clavier ( BWV 846–869) for the keyboard instruments commonly used at the time ( harpsichord , spinet, clavichord ). It consists of 24 pairs of movements, each with a prelude and a fugue in all major and minor keys , arranged in ascending chromatic order from C major to B minor. Bach's own title on the title page of the autograph from 1722 reads: Das Wohltemperirte Clavier or Præludia, and fugues through all tones and Semitonia, reaching tertiam majorem or Ut Re Mi, as well as tertiam minorem or Re Mi Fa. For the benefit and use of the musical youth eager to learn, as well as those special pastimes who are already habilitated in this studio, prepared and made by Johann Sebastian Bach. p. t: Princely Anhalt-Cöthenischen Capel-Masters and directors of their Camer Musiquen. Anno 1722.
  • For reasons that are not entirely clear, Prince Leopold turns away from Bach's ensemble music more and more, which prompts him to look for new positions. Bach suspects that this turning away was caused by the wife of the prince, Friederike Henriette von Anhalt-Bernburg , whom he married in 1721.
  • With the death of Johann Kuhnau on June 5th, the position of Thomaskantor in Leipzig becomes vacant. After a first audition on July 14th , Georg Philipp Telemann was chosen from among the applicants, including Johann Friedrich Fasch (Kapellmeister at the court of Anhalt-Zerbst ) and Christian Friedrich Rolle (music director in Magdeburg ) . Since Telemann stays in Hamburg due to a raise in salary, a second rehearsal for the cantor is scheduled, at which, in addition to Georg Friedrich Kauffmann from Merseburg , who is resigning voluntarily, Christoph Graupner (Kapellmeister in Darmstadt) and Balthasar Schott (organist at the New Church in Leipzig) also Johann Sebastian Bach is running. His audition will take place in February 1723.

georg Friedrich Handel

  • George Frideric Handel is based in London as the musical director of the Royal Academy of Music , a new subscription-based opera company at the King's Theater .
  • In addition to Handel, the academy temporarily employs the composers Giovanni Bononcini and Attilio Ariosti . The audience is divided into parties that either support Handel or Bononcini. Especially in the early days, Bononcini's performances are more successful than Handel's.
  • Georg Friedrich Handel was doing well financially at the time, and business with his own music was flourishing. For example, he is involved in the sale of tickets and sheet music. The pension he receives from the English royal family only accounts for about a quarter of his income.
  • Around 1722 Handel published the six trio sonatas op. 2 for two violins and basso continuo with the Franco-Dutch printer and publisher Estienne Roger . They consistently correspond to the four-movement Italian church sonata form . This also corresponds to the 15 solo sonatas op. 1, which were also published for the first time by Roger in Amsterdam around 1722.

Alessandro Scarlatti

  • Alessandro Scarlatti , who was Kapellmeister of the Cappella Reale in Naples , stayed mainly in Rome from 1717 to 1722 . Here he will conclude the series of his operas with several works for the Teatro Capranica.
  • Scarlatti is developing a new version of his opera Arminio for the Teatro Capranica , which was first performed on September 27, 1703 in the Villa Pratolino in Florence . The content of the opera is based on the life of Arminius , the prince of the Cherusci , who inflicted one of their most devastating defeats on the Romans in the Varus Battle in 9 AD with the annihilation of three legions.

Domenico Scarlatti

  • Domenico Scarlatti has been a music teacher and court orchestra director in Lisbon since 1719 at the court of the pious and extravagant King Johann V. Scarlatti. He mainly delivers sacred vocal works and also writes some secular serenatas . He also teaches the younger brother of King Dom António (1695–1757) and the asthma sufferer of the Portuguese Princess Maria Bárbara de Bragança on the harpsichord, who turns out to be a gifted music lover.

Georg Philipp Telemann

Telemann's resignation to the Hamburg councilors
  • Georg Philipp Telemann has been Cantor Johannei and Director Musices of the city of Hamburg since 1721 , one of the most respected musical offices in Germany. In his new position Telemann undertook to compose two cantatas per week and one passion per year, but in later years he used earlier works for his cantatas. He also composes numerous pieces of music for private and public occasions, such as memorial days and weddings. The office of Cantoris Johannei is also linked to an activity as a music teacher at the Johanneum; Telemann does not, however, fulfill his obligations to extra-musical lessons himself. He is also rebuilding the Collegium musicum, which was founded by Matthias Weckmann in 1660 but is no longer performing . He sells the tickets personally.
  • Telemann also takes over the management of the Hamburg Opera for an annual salary of 300 thalers. He will hold this office until the house is closed in 1738.
  • Telemann has more trouble in the Hanseatic city than expected from him. The council printer refuses to allow Telemann to participate in the sales of the cantatas and Passions booklets. Telemann would not emerge victorious until 1757 from the lengthy legal dispute that followed. In addition, the senior elders complained when Telemann wanted to perform some cantatas in an elegant inn in 1722 (meaning the tree house in the Hamburg harbor). Together with the inadequate pay and his apartment, which is too small, these incidents lead him to apply for the position of Thomaskantor in Leipzig after the death of Johann Kuhnau.
  • Telemann was unanimously elected from the six applicants for the position of Thomaskantor, whereupon he submitted a resignation on September 3rd . Since the Hamburg Council his salary by 400 Mark Luebeck increased Telemann rejects the position of Thomas Cantor later and remains in Hamburg. His total annual income is around 4,000 marks in Luebisch.

Antonio Vivaldi

Other biographical events

  • Tomaso Albinoni reached the peak of his career. After the publication of his hitherto most ambitious concert collection, the 12 Concerti a cinque op.9 , which are dedicated to the Elector Maximilian II Emanuel of Bavaria , he received two composition commissions from Munich : for the wedding of Maximilian's son Karl Albrecht, who later became Emperor Karl VII. , With Maria Amalie , the daughter of the late Emperor Joseph I , Albinoni wrote the opera I veri amici and the smaller “componimento poetico” II trionfo d'Amore . He conducted the very successful world premieres on October 24th and November 4th in Munich himself. In a report on this in Johann Mattheson's Critica Musica , special emphasis is placed on the statement that “the right Albinoni” participated in the event because of this Time in Germany and Sweden a fraudster is on the road who pretends to be "Tomaso Albinoni of Venice".
Francesca Cuzzoni (1696–1778), pastel by Rosalba Carriera (?)
Caricature of Farinelli in a female role
  • At the beginning of his career, the young Farinelli mainly appeared in female roles, namely in the Teatro Alibert in Rome as Placidia in Porporas Flavio Anicio Olibrio (Rome, Carnival 1722), as Palmira in Cosroe by Carlo Francesco Pollarolo (Carnival 1722) and as Sofonisba in Luca Antonio Predieri 's opera of the same name (Carnival 1722). In 1722 Farinelli is said to have appeared in Porpora's opera Eumene . And according to a well-known but not verifiable anecdote, the seventeen-year-old singer is said to have surpassed a popular solo trumpeter in a competition, both in holding and swelling a note of astonishing length, as well as in purity and power, variations and trills.
  • Johann Friedrich Fasch becomes court conductor in Zerbst , where he stays for the rest of his life.
  • On the recommendation of Georg Philipp Telemann, Christoph Graupner applies for the position of Thomaskantor in Leipzig, which he has already rejected .
  • Since northern Germany offered him little prospects, Johann Adolph Hasse traveled to Italy and studied composition with Nicola Porpora and Alessandro Scarlatti in Naples from 1722 to 1725.
  • Conrad Friedrich Hurlebusch gets a job as court conductor at the royal court in Stockholm , which will be followed by other engagements in the same position in Bayreuth , Hamburg and Braunschweig .
  • In autumn of that year, Georg Friedrich Kauffmann was one of the seven applicants to succeed Johann Kuhnau as Thomaskantor in Leipzig. According to a report by the Hollsteinischer Correspondent from Hamburg on December 8th, Kauffmann will conduct his rehearsal cantata on November 29th , the 1st Sunday in Advent. Because his competitors Christoph Graupner and Johann Sebastian Bach are each allowed to perform two cantatas , the Leipzig city ​​council allows him to have another test performance at his request.
  • Giuseppe Maria Orlandini becomes impresario at the Teatro della Pergola in Florence. He will continue to do this until 1751.
Jean-Philippe Rameau - Traité de l'harmonie réduite à ses principes naturels - Title page of the publication - Paris 1722
  • Nicola Antonio Porpora , whose career was greatly boosted by the sensational success of his master student Farinelli, resigns from his position at the Conservatorio Sant'Onofrio in Naples in order to devote himself entirely to promoting Farinelli's singing career over the next three years.
  • Jean-Philippe Rameau publishes his Traité de l'harmonie réduite à ses principes naturels, which he wrote in Auvergne . Together with the supplementary Nouveau Système de musique theorique from 1726, he established modern music theory for chord and harmony theory and acquired a reputation as a theorist.
  • Christian Friedrich Rolle , who was appointed to the General Cantorate of the St. Johannis Church in Magdeburg as the successor to Benedictus Christiani on November 19, 1721 , will be appointed to his office on February 13 . He gives music lessons at the Magdeburg Old Town High School , but is released from all other teaching duties due to his high reputation. He too is applying to succeed the late Thomaskantor Johann Kuhnau from Leipzig.
  • Francesco Maria Veracini got into an argument with the composer Johann David Heinichen and the castrato Senesino over the sinfully expensive Italian operas. The argument ends with Veracini jumping out of a window on the third floor. He sustains a broken hip and leg, which has not healed sufficiently, which is why he has been limping ever since.
  • The librettist Apostolo Zeno is accepted into the Accademia della Crusca in Florence . He acquired a number of Greek manuscripts for the Viennese court. He also has the Roman monuments discovered in Weissenburg , Transylvania in 1722, brought to Vienna and built into the walls of the main entrance to the court library .
  • Johann Adam Birkenstock published his first works at Le Cène in Amsterdam .
  • Josef Antonín Planický , who worked as a singer in southern Germany and Austria, becomes a member of the prince-archbishop's chapel in Freising .

World premieres

Leonardo Leo - Bajazete - Title page of the libretto - Naples 1722
Gioseffo Comito - La Galatea - Title page of the libretto - Naples 1722

Stage works

Opera
Ballet music
  • Jacques Aubert - Le Ballett de Chantilly, Le Ballet des vingt-quatre heures (world premiere in Chantilly)
Oratorio
  • Johann Mattheson
    • The prince of victory sought among the dead and found among the living (Hamburg)
    • The great in the small or God in the heart of a believing Christian (Hamburg)

Instrumental music

Orchestral music

Tomaso Albinoni - Concerto for Oboe and Strings No. 2 in D minor , Op. 9, I. Allegro e con presto
  • Tomaso Albinoni
    • Balletti e sonate a tre op.8 (Amsterdam)
    • Concerti a cinque op.9 (Amsterdam)
  • Johann Sebastian Bach - Overture Suite No. 3 (BWV 1068, composed around 1722)
  • Antonio Vivaldi - Concerts which cannot be precisely dated.

Chamber music

  • Giovanni Battista Bononcini - Divertimenti da camera
  • François Couperin - 4 Concerts royaux for any instrumentation (published 1722, composed approx. 1714-15)
  • georg Friedrich Handel
    • Trio Sonata in B flat major (HWV 388, composed 1717–22)
    • Trio Sonata in G minor (HWV 390a, composed 1717–22)
    • Trio Sonata in G minor (HWV 390b, composed 1717–22)
  • Jan Dismas Zelenka - trio sonatas for 2 oboes, bassoon and basso continuo

Keyboard music

harpsichord

Vocal music

Jacques-Martin Hotteterre plays a three-part flute - illustration from his book

Spiritually

  • Johann Sebastian Bach
    • Choral Jesus, my confidence (BWV 728)
    • Cantata for the New Year 1723 (BWV Anh. 8)
  • André Campra - Nisi Dominus
  • Johann David Heinichen
    • Missa in F major
    • Missa in D major
  • Antonio Vivaldi - Motets a. that cannot be dated precisely

Worldly

  • Johann Sebastian Bach - Cantata Serene Leopold (BWV 173a, birthday cantata for Prince Johann August of Zerbst)
  • André Campra - La Fête de l'Isle-Adam , 1722 (Pastorale or Sérénade?)
Lute by Thomas Edlinger in the Museum for Musical Instruments at the University of Leipzig
Organ by Gottfried Silbermann in the Marienkirche in Rötha

Textbooks

  • Jacques-Martin Hotteterre - Principes de la flûte traversière ou flûte d'Allemagne, de la flûte à bec ou flûte douce et du hautbois (édition de 1722)
  • Johann Mattheson - Critica musica (Hamburg 1722–1725)
  • Jean-Philippe Rameau - Traité de l'harmonie reduite à ses principes naturels (Paris)

Instrument making

  • The violins Artot , Jupiter , Laub Petschnikoff and Vollrath are made in Antonio Stradivari's workshop .

Born

Exact date of birth unknown

Johann Kuhnau
Johann Adam Reincken

Died

Exact date of death unknown

Died after 1722

See also

Portal: Music  - Overview of Wikipedia content on music

Web links

Commons : Music 1722  - Collection of Images, Videos and Audio Files
Commons : Opera Libretti 1722  - Collection of Images, Videos and Audio Files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Plautilla (Antonio Pollarolo) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna .
  2. ^ Giulio Flavio Crispo (Giovanni Maria Capelli) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna .
  3. ^ Venceslao (Giovanni Porta) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna .
  4. ↑ a b Johann Sebastian Bach - Works sorted by date of origin. In: Klassika.info. Retrieved November 15, 2018 .
  5. ↑ Antonio Vivaldi - Works sorted by date of origin. In: Klassika.info. Retrieved November 15, 2018 .
  6. ↑ Georg Friedrich Händel - Works sorted by date of origin. In: Klassik.info. Retrieved November 15, 2018 .