Caspar Schippel

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Caspar (Georg) Schippel (* around 1648 in Stressenhausen , † 1722 in Hildburghausen ) was a German organ builder and miller who worked in southern Thuringia .

Life

Caspar Georg Schippel was born in Stressenhausen, a small village in southern Thuringia, in 1648. His parents ran a mill there that had been owned by the Schippel family since 1592. Caspar Georg sold this mill in 1691 and moved to Hildburghausen . There he acquired the "Ebenrettersmühle". It had a grinder and a cutting mechanism powered by water power. Today it can be assumed that he used this house as an organ workshop.

As a privileged organ builder, Caspar Schippel made several baroque instruments in the Duchy of Saxony-Hildburghausen . Probably the most famous instrument is in the Kilian Church in Bedheim , which was connected to a baroque two-organ in 1721. Schippel died in Hildburghausen in 1722. His son-in-law Johann Christian Dotzauer became his successor.

plant

Schleusingen

In 1694 Caspar Georg Schippel built an organ for the St. Kilian Hospital Church in Schleusingen , which was moved in 1801 by the organ builder Michael Georgi from Unterwirrbach to Krölpa near Pößneck . When this organ was restored in the late 1990s, the following inscription came to light on the first bellows plate :

"In 1694 both fathers, Christoph Crapp, organ maker from Eisfelt, and Caspar Schippel zu Hildburghausen, put this organ from Guder Afection together, called Hildburghausen in the Ebnersrütters Mühle, and brought them here to this Orth in the Hospidal bey Schleusingen where it was at the time the well worthy Mr. Johan Samuel Weber from Schleusingen, a parish priest at this Orth, this work was set and picked up before Christmas. "

According to this inscription, Schippel worked with his godfather and cousin Christoph Crapp . As an organ builder, Crapp had his workshops in Eisfeld , Hildburghausen and Ummerstadt and finally lived in Streufdorf .

Meeder

The first known activity of the organ builder Crapp can be proven to be in the years 1672/1673. During this time he repaired and rebuilt the organ in the Protestant church in Meeder and installed a pedal mechanism . Caspar Georg Schippel was also mentioned in this work. The Meeder organ was built in 1655 by the most important organ maker at the time, the Kulmbach organ builder Matthias Tretzsche (1626–1686). Because of the financial hardship after the Thirty Years War and because of the changed requirements for an organ, Tretzsche built an instrument in Meeder with a disposition typical of that time :

  1. Principal 4 ′ (in the prospectus)
  2. Coarse cycle 8 ′
  3. Nasat 3 ′
  4. Octav 2 ′
  5. Quint 1 1 ⁄ 2  ′
  6. Setez 1 ′
  7. Cymbel I
  1. Tremulant
  2. Trumbe
  3. Vogelsang

The single-manual organ without pedal mechanism should Crapp and Schippel may have as was customary, implemented by the choir on the organ loft. It can only be guessed whether the disposition of the manual work , which is extremely rich in overtones, was supplemented by an 8 'or 4' register, as this would correspond to the taste of the time. It has been handed down that a pedal work was added, which in the prospectus should have had a foiled octave bass 8 'and a sub-bass 16' behind it.

The two organ builders worked together until around 1700. Since Caspar Georg Schippel signed later contracts alone, it can be assumed that both organ builders had their own workshops in the meantime.

Poppenhausen

On September 17th, 1700 an organ building contract was concluded in Poppenhausen , from which the following disposition emerges:

  1. Grobgedact 8 ′ made of good wood
  2. Small edact 4 ′ of good wood
  3. Principal 2 ′ finely polished from good tin
  4. Quint 16/12 ′ of metal
  5. Mixture of metal
  6. Cymbel
  7. Tremulant

The contract also informs:

" These registers should be ... in the middle round, and both secondary fields should be the same, manualiter should be used as pedaliter, but in pedal without sub-bass, which has been prepared over time as desired.
The windchest must be made of good old oak wood with bows and furnished.
The piano formed from Indian wood, in the following clavibus standing as CDEFGABH c bit c '' '.
The pedal from CDEFGABH c except for the slashed c ′.
In addition, there should be 2 large, affordable bellows.
Herr Orgelmacher promises to deliver such a prescribed disposition between here and Easter 1701.
Before this little piece of work we promised the intended organ maker H. Schippel 75 thalers and 5 thalers tip, half of which if he put the little work and the other half to be paid in full after a year of good guarantee. The work should be picked up at our expense and ... H. Orgelmacher store it at the sezung, u. Provide necessary costs, the same amount of carpentry and Blacksmithing is found to be necessary to secure the work, should be paid for by the divine box. Everything is faithful and without danger, to ensure a safe attitude, this contract is made in duplo, u. on both sides partly signed. "Done, Poppenhausen, 17 September 1700

Why Schippel signed the contracts alone can only be guessed. The most plausible explanation is that he was appointed the “privileged court organ maker” of the Principality of Saxony-Hildburghausen. As a result, he should always have had a full order book. His work from the first years of the 18th century is not known. The time from 1710 shows how abundant Schippel had to build organs. In that year he built an organ to Mühlfeld , of which the prospectus has still been preserved.

Simmershausen

Caspar Schippel also built an instrument for the church in Simmershausen , which is no longer preserved today. The following can be read in the historical contract:

"It is to be known herewith that today end-set date, assure the community of Simmershaußen and the organ maker, Caspar Schippel in Fürstli. Geistli. Lower court here, the following purchase contract was concluded: Namely, the intended organ maker Schippel sells an organ to the community in question, including the casing, wind chests and differently old, but the pipes re-cast and 3 bellows made of new ones and promised to provide a new and efficient work, also in the following registers, as:

  1. a new sub-bass from a good Holtz 16 feet, the corresponding pedal sambt from large C. to c ′.
  2. a rough figure of good Holtz 8 feet.
  3. a small edact 4 feet of good metal
  4. a principal 2 feet of fine metal
  5. a quint 1 ½ feet of good metal
  6. a mixture incluplo of good metal
  7. a wind chest made by good old Holtz with bows and well kept.
  8. a clavier so in the following clavibgs, alß: C, F, D, E, A, B, H, c to c ′ ′ ′ exists,

to deliver within the date and 4 weeks; Before that, whether the mocked community promises to give him a shovel, five and fifty Rthlr, along with a Rthlr of cash and a Kloben Flachß in front of your wife, as follows: one helps with said drinking money and Flachß, immediately when the organ is properly set, the other But help next future me: to pay without fail in 1711, next to pick up the organ at its own expense, not ... more said shippings when dissolving the self with the necessary cost and storage place, about this also all other costs, so when attaching this organ may be absorbed in carpentry, joinery and other work, to carry in front of you; how now, on both sides, the contestants are always sworn to comply with this; So this contract was put on paper about this and corroborated under the HGUG's signature and thus knowingly issued…. "

This is what happened in Hildburghausen, April 15, 1711.

Roth

" " From the attached report it is without ... first of all ... the extent to which the community of Roth seeks to create an organ by Römhild in their church. But after the previously privileged organ maker Schippel opposes it, and whether they want to consult the same about it, so he still has the ... so high ... that one would only have to be surprised, meanwhile, so that no one comes down here for nothing; so one has to inquire about an order of conduct and insist in the most guilty respect. " Hildburghausen, May 12th 1717. "

This report shows that the Duchy of Saxony-Römhild intended to sell an organ to Roth . This report cannot answer whether this project came about. Schippel, who because of his privilege had the right to do this work or the right to build a new organ, protested. Who was ultimately responsible for the construction or relocation of an instrument cannot be determined from the current file situation.

Organ prospectus of the main organ in Bedheim

Bedheim

In the Kilian Church in Bedheim there are two organs that can be played by an organist. One of the two instruments, the so-called "main organ", was built by Caspar Georg Schippel. In the restoration report of the organ building company Alexander Schuke, Potsdam, one reads about the main organ and the swallow's nest organ , which was built by Nicolaus Seeber from Römhild : “Contracts or other files about this organ ensemble are not available from this period, so a secondary source is cited here got to". This source can be found at the ice field Johann Werner Krauss in his "Contributions to the explanation of the Hochfürstl. Saxony Hildburghäusischen Church, School and State History ". There Krauss wrote in 1752 about the Bedheim church: “In the whole of the Principality of this church, there are two viable organs to be found that are played by an organist. One organ stands on the singing choir, consists of 11th stops and 3rd slides, and was set up in 1711 by Caspar Schippeln, the organ maker privileged at that time in Saxony-Hildburghausen. ... "

The restoration report of the Potsdam organ builder further states: "Since the St. Kilian's Church also served as a place of worship for the castle rulers, this organ is also practically a 'castle church organ', which can then be read in many ways." As the two organs in the mid-1990s Should be restored by the organ building company Schuke from Potsdam, the organ builders were faced with an almost impossible task: Since the organ builder Michael Schmidt (1798–1876) from Schmiedefeld had built a new organ behind the case of the Schippel organ in 1856, it was assumed that there would be none Original pipe substance to be found more. Fortunately, Schmidt had taken over a large number of intact pipes from the Schippel organ into his pipework. Thus the Potsdam organ builders were able to reconstruct the disposition from 1721 through extensive research. After a successful reconstruction, the disposition is the same today as it was 300 years ago:

Organ prospectus of the swallow's nest organ in Bedheim

Manual CD – c 3

  1. Rough 8 ′
  2. Viola di gamba 8 ′
  3. Quintatöna 8 ′
  4. Principal 4 ′
  5. Small box 4 ′
  6. Octav 2 ′
  7. Sesquialtera II
  8. Mixture III

Pedal CD – d 1

  1. Violon 16 ′
  2. Sub-bass 16 ′
  3. Principal bass 8 ′

Pfersdorf

The organ for St. Nikolaus in Pfersdorf was built in 1716. It also comes from the workshop of the privileged organ builder Schippel. It is a typical example of smaller organs from the Baroque era and its structure and design makes it easy to confuse it with other instruments in the Hildburghausen district. The organ builder Christoph Crapp from Eisfeld made similar instruments for other churches. Presumably the princely organ builder privilege passed to his cousin Caspar Georg Schippel, with whom he worked until around 1700.

The organ in Pfersdorf was and is less intended for concert purposes. Rather, it should accompany the congregation chant in the service. For this intended purpose, a manual with six registers and a pedal with three moves are completely sufficient. Nevertheless, a large part of the well-known organ literature can be played on the instrument. The original disposition is:

Manual CD – c 3

  1. Gedackt 8 ′
  2. Principal 4 ′
  3. Gedackt 4 ′
  4. Flute 4 ′
  5. Octave 2 ′
  6. Mixture III

Pedal CD – c 1

  1. Principal bass 8 ′
  2. Sub-bass 16 ′
  3. Octave bass 1 ′
Organ prospectus in Pfersdorf

This organ was also changed in the middle of the 19th century: The Gedackt 4 ′ and Octave 2 ′ registers were exchanged for Gamba 8 ′ and Salicional 8 ′. The baroque mixture was also replaced by a new, lower-lying mixture ( 1 2 ⁄ 3  ′ and 2 ′ throughout ). For this register, however, old pipe material from the Octave 2 ′ was used.

The riddle about the also no longer existing register “Octavbaß 1 ′” has not been solved to this day. The use of small and high rows of pipes in the pedal is unusual and extremely rare in southern Thuringia. These are only useful if the melody of a chant is to be played with the feet and the hands on the manuals only accompany. But that is not possible in Pfersdorf, as the pedal is always firmly linked to the manual. It can be assumed, however, that the one-footed register in the tutti play should reinforce the pedal tones.

Also worth mentioning are the preserved prospect pipes of the principal bass 8 '. These are foiled wooden pipes with old, exposed painting. Painted men's faces can be seen around the pipe labia. These pipes were used as templates for the Bedheim organ reconstruction. Each pipe stands symbolically for a singing person. The parallel between organ and human was made through the air required.

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Fischer, Wohnhaas: Historic organs in Upper Franconia. 1995, p. 43.
  2. ^ Pape: Lexicon of North German Organ Builders. Vol. 1: Thuringia and the surrounding area. 2009, p. 45.
  3. ↑ a b c Goltz: Musicians' Lexicon of the Duchy of Saxony-Meiningen . 2008, p. 317.
  4. ↑ a b Pape: Lexicon of North German Organ Builders. Vol. 1: Thuringia and the surrounding area. 2009, p. 45.
  5. ^ Fischer, Wohnhaas: Lexicon of south German organ builders. 1994, p. 352.
  6. ^ Orgelbau Schuke: Restoration report on the listed organ by Nikolaus Seeber / Römhild from 1718-1720 in the Evangelical Church in Haina near Römhild. Potsdam 1994.
  7. ↑ Johann Werner Krauss: Additions to the explanation of the Hochfürstl. Saxony-Hildburghäusischen Church, School and State History . Hanisch, Hildburghausen 1752, p. 481.
  8. ↑ Felix Friedrich Eberhard Kneipel: Organs in Thuringia - A Guide (=  242. publication of the Society of Organ Friends ). 2nd Edition. Kamprad, Altenburg 2010, ISBN 978-3-930550-67-8 , p. 133, 181 .
personal data
SURNAME Schippel, Caspar
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Schippel, Caspar Georg (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German organ builder and miller
DATE OF BIRTH around 1648
PLACE OF BIRTH Stressenhausen
DATE OF DEATH 1722
Place of death Hildburghausen