Lucio Vero
| Opera dates | |
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| Title: | Lucio Vero |
Image from the libretto, music by Carlo Francesco Pollarolo, Venice 1699 |
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| Shape: | Opera seria |
| Original language: | Italian |
| Music: | first setting by Carlo Francesco Pollarolo |
| Libretto : | Apostolo Zeno |
| Premiere: | December 26, 1699 |
| Place of premiere: | Teatro San Giovanni Crisostomo , Venice |
| Place and time of the action: | Ephesus in the 2nd century |
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Lucio Vero is an opera - libretto consisting of three acts by Apostolo Zeno . It was set to music by more than 50 composers. Other more commonly used titles are Lucius Verus , Vologeso or Berenice. The first setting by Carlo Francesco Pollarolo was premiered on December 26, 1699 at the Teatro San Giovanni Crisostomo in Venice. More recently there have been performances of settings by Niccolò Jommelli (Vologeso) and Christoph Graupner ( Berenice and Lucilla ).
action
A year after his victory in the war against the Parthians , the Roman Emperor Lucio Vero ( Lucius Verus ) is still in the occupied country. He has fallen in love with Berenice, the Queen of Armenia, and wants to marry her, although he is already engaged to Lucilla , the daughter of his co-emperor Marc Aurel . Berenice, however, remains loyal to her lover, the defeated King Vologeso ( Vologaeses IV ). Vologeso is arrested after a failed assassination attempt against the emperor. Lucilla travels from Rome and brings her fiancé to her senses by starting a revolt with the help of her confidante Claudio (called Flavio in some editions).
The prehistory of the opera plot is described in the foreword of the libretto as follows:
“Kayser Marco Aurelio chose a noble Roman as his companion and successor in the kingdom of Lucio Antonio Vero, and gave him his daughter as his bride Lucilla. But just at the time of the marriage, I went against the Romans in the field, Vologeso the Parthian King, together with Berenice Queen of Armenia: the new Kayser had to lead the Roman army against the Parthians, and the marriage with Lucilla nevertheless bit down Move the end of the field move. A meeting soon came about in which Lucio Vero got the upper hand, and Queen Berenice too, captured; And while he believed that Vologeso the king would have come in the battle, he carried it with himself to Efeso: wherever he was caught by her beauty, fifty and alone sought as he could have her as his wife. When this became known in Rome. If Marco Aurelio was at most affronted: Flavio immediately sent Lucilla to Efeso, and Lucio Vero announced that he should either marry his daughter or let the Reichs go forever. The matter happily proposed, although Lucio Vero did not despise Lucilla, in that it raised the Roman army against the new Kayser, and nevertheless compelled them, and nevertheless compelled them to leave Berenice and to carry out the promise made with them . In the meantime, however, Vologeso recovered from the wounds he received in the battle, and after hearing that Berenice had been imprisoned for his bride, he went to Efeso, unbeknownst to him, by means of cunning and money received to be accepted among the imperial servants. Several things are to be avoided outside of the opera. "
The following table of contents is based on the libretto of the opera Vologeso by Niccolò Jommelli, staged in the palace theater in 1766 .
first act
Imperial hall with lavishly laid tables
Scene 1. Lucio Vero asks Berenice to put an end to the mourning for her deceased fiancé and to sit down with him. Berenice is reluctant to obey.
Scene 2. Vologeso in disguise and Lucio Vero's confidante Aniceto enter the room with a retinue of imperial servants. The choir celebrates the happy hours of the feast. Berenice recognizes her fiancé, who was believed dead, but doesn’t show anything. Lucio Vero offers Berenice the first drink. When she reaches for it, Vologeso snatches the bowl and hurls it to the ground. He had poisoned the potion to kill Lucio Vero and reveals himself to be a Parthian who wanted to avenge his king Vologeso. Lucio Vero has him arrested. However, Vologeso is not afraid of the emperor, but only worries about Berenice (Arie Vologeso: "Invan minacci e credi").
Scene 3. Lucio Vero entrusts Aniceto with the supervision of the prisoner. Aniceto leaves with the imperial servants.
Scene 4. After the incident, Lucio tries to calm Vero Berenice down. But she would rather be alone.
Scene 5. Aniceto returns with the news that Lucio Vero's fiancée Lucilla - the daughter of Emperor Aurelio - has arrived with Roman ambassadors. Lucio Vero is extremely inconvenient. To distract Lucilla, he orders games in the arena. Aniceto is sent ahead - which he happily does, since he adores Lucilla. Berenice will also attend the celebrations. Lucio Vero hopes to find peace in his heart again (Lucio Vero's aria: “Luci belle, più serene”).
Scene 6. After her lover's return, Berenice has regained hope (Berenice's aria: “Se vive il mio bene”).
A park of the Royal Gardens with a view of the Imperial Palace
Scene 7. Lucilla and Flavio have arrived in Efeso with their entourage and are waiting for Lucio Vero. He comes out of the palace with his guards and asks them the reason for their trip. Lucilla replies that more than a year has passed since the victory over the Parthians and that he is expected in Rome. Flavio adds that Aurelio sent them to give him an ultimatum. Either Lucio Vero and Lucilla get married the next day, or he has to abdicate. Lucio Vero answers evasively. He orders his guards to accompany the comers to the arena and withdraws.
Scene 8. Lucilla asks Flavio what his impression of Lucio Vero is. Flavio finds his evasive behavior suspicious. Berenice, on the other hand, still hopes that the emperor is loyal to her (aria: “Tutti di speme al core”). She goes.
Scene 9. Flavio fears that Berenice is wrong. Since she herself has a loyal heart, she cannot imagine infidelity in others either (Flavio's aria: “Crede sol ch'a nuovi ardori”).
A lavishly decorated and curtained amphitheater for animal fights
Scene 10. Lucio Vero, Berenice, Lucilla, and Flavio appear with their entourage. While Lucio Vero proudly points out the expected fights between convicted criminals and predators, Berenice wonders that the Romans get used to bloodbaths even while having fun. Aniceto joins them and the trumpets sound as a sign of the beginning. All go through the portal that closes behind them and go upstairs to take their places. Then a smaller door opens through which Vologeso is led into the amphitheater.
Scene 11. Vologeso is horrified to have been thrown to the predators alone and unarmed. His fiancée Berenice also seems to be completely unmoved among the audience. When she hears his words, she throws herself into the theater to share his torments. Lucio Vero orders too late to close the entrance - a lion has found its way to the two. Lucio Vero throws his sword to Vologeso so that he can defend himself. Vologeso manages to wound the lion before it is killed by Lucio Vero's guards.
Scene 12. Lucilla noticed from Lucio Vero's behavior how much Berenice means to him. She feels betrayed and tells Flavio, who then leaves. Vologeso gratefully returns the sword to the emperor. However, he has him arrested again. When Berenice begs him to complete his good work, he is moved, but hesitates to answer. In the final quartet of the first movement ("Quel silenzio - quel sospiro") everyone gives expression to their feelings: Berenice and Vologeso suffer from the severity and cruelty of the emperor, Lucilla from his infidelity and Lucio Vero from his conflicting feelings of anger and pity. Berenice and Vologeso say goodbye to each other in tears. Vologeso remains trapped.
Second act
cabinet
Scene 1. Aniceto reports to Lucio Vero that his order has been carried out and that Vologeso will be taken to him immediately. Lucio Vero has him confirm the correctness of his action. Rome, Lucilla, Aurelio, “law” and “fame” will have to come to terms with the facts. He asks Aniceto to go to Lucilla and tell her that he has fallen in love with someone else. Aniceto assures Lucio Vero that he understands him and will defend him from people (Aria des Aniceto “So ben comprenderti”).
Scene 2. Vologeso is brought in tied up. Lucio Vero has the chains removed and proposes a compromise. He would get his freedom and his empire back if he renounced Berenice. Vologeso firmly rejects this. Lucio Vero feels provoked. He has Vologeso tied up again and thrown into the dungeon (aria by Lucio Vero: "Sei tra 'ceppi e insulti ancor?"). Lucio Vero leaves angrily.
Scene 3. Berenice enters and finds Vologeso still tied up. Vologeso tells her about Lucio Vero's judgment: "either without Berenice or without life". He asks her to stand firm. He would rather die than watch her humiliate herself in front of the tyrant (aria of the Vologeso: “Cara, deh serbami costante il core”). He is led away by the guards.
Scene 4. Aniceto brings Berenice an ultimatum from the emperor: she has to choose between his hand and Vologeso's head. Berenice lets the emperor know that she despises him so much that she would rather die at Vologeso's side than rule with him. When the emperor, who was listening from the side, orders that Vologeso's head be brought, her posture collapses. She feels guilty about Vologeso's death and makes several attempts to change the mind of the emperor. These culminate in a desperate aria (Berenice's aria: “Tu chiedi il mio core, il cor ti darò” - “You demand my heart, I will give you my heart”). She goes.
Scene 5. Lucio Vero instructs Aniceto to follow Berenice and urge her to explain herself more clearly. Then he should tell Lucilla that she and Flavio have to leave the country.
Scene 6. Lucio Vero sees his wishes come true. Nevertheless, he finds no peace, since Berenice will only marry him under forced conditions. He begins to doubt his plans (aria by Lucio Vero: "Che farò?").
An old cemetery adjoining the dungeon
Scene 7. Lucilla tells Flavio about her exile. Since Rome cannot allow Berenice's blood to mix into his own, he plans an army revolt. Before that, Lucilla should speak to the emperor again to change his mind (Flavio's aria: “Rammentagli chi sei”).
Scene 8. Lucio Vero arrives with his entourage and Berenice, who asks him to speak to Vologeso again. Lucio Vero allows her and then tells Lucilla of his decision: Even his feelings of guilt do not change the fact that he has chosen Berenice - and maybe Lucilla also has another lover. Lucilla is deeply offended by this remark. She had always remained loyal to him (Lucilla's aria: “Partirò, se vuoi così”). She goes.
Scene 9. Lucio Vero is relieved that Lucilla has gone. He has Vologeso brought in so that Berenice can speak to him. Berenice asks him to attend the conversation.
Scene 10. Vologeso comes to them from his prison. Lucio Vero tells him that he owes his regained freedom to Berenice. When Vologeso tries to reprimand her in horror, Berenice asks him to be patient. She now turns to Lucio Vero. Since she had promised him her heart, may he now tear it out of her chest - but he should keep his promise and give her lover back life, throne and freedom. Lucio Vero angrily puts both of them in chains. Berenice and Vologeso remain undaunted, while Lucio Vero rages and is finally plagued by remorse again (trio: "Se fida m'adora" - "Si viva in catene" - "Così m'insultate?").
Third act
gallery
Scene 1. Flavio tells Lucilla about the progress of the uprising. The people are on their side. The only thing missing was Lucilla's approval. This gives him a free hand - but the life of the emperor should be spared. Flavio leaves.
Scene 2. Lucio Vero comes to Lucilla. She agrees to her exile and wishes him good luck with Berenice. Lucio Vero asks her for pity because he is no longer in control of his feelings (aria by Lucio Vero: "Uscir vorrei d'affanno"). He goes.
Scene 3. Lucilla sees no point in using force if her lover does not love her again. She wants to break away from Lucio Vero, but cannot suppress her feelings (Lucilla's aria: “Amor non sa che sia”).
jail
Scene 4. While Vologeso is preparing to die, Flavio comes in with some soldiers. They untie him and Flavio gives him a sword. He introduces himself as a Roman and enemy of the inhuman emperor. Vologeso will soon get his empire and Berenice back (Aria des Vologeso: “Ah, sento che in petto”).
A room prepared for mourning; a chair and a table with lamps on it
Scene 5. Aniceto reports Berenice's arrival to Lucio Vero. Aniceto is sent away to carry out further orders. Lucio Vero hides to watch Berenice.
Scene 6. Berenice enters the room and complains about the fate of Vologeso, whom she already believes to be dead. In a shadow she thinks she can see his spirit (aria of Berenice: "Ombra che pallida"). Lucio Vero is shocked by her pain. He steps forward to calm her down.
Scene 7. Aniceto arrives with a page wearing a basin covered with a black cloth. He gives it to Berenice as a present from the emperor and adds: "If you are looking for your fiancé, he is already with you." Berenice is shocked. She believes it is Vologeso's head (Berenice's aria: “Su quel caro volto esangue”).
Scene 8. As the basin is uncovered, a lively symphonia sounds. The somber decor disappears and the scene is transformed into a magnificent palace. On the basin are the royal crown and the scepter. Lucio Vero approaches with Aniceto and his entire court. He hopes Berenice will give in now. But this place no value on the objects. Their happiness lies alone in Vologeso. Lucio Vero is angry and threatens to carry out the death sentence. At this moment the sound of guns can be heard and the insurgent troops are approaching.
Scene 9. Vologeso and Flavio arrive with armed Romans. Flavio asks Lucio Vero to take off the laurel wreath and to resign. Lucio Vero, Vologeso and Flavio take up their swords.
Scene 10. Before the fight starts, Lucilla intervenes. Nothing should happen to the emperor. He should now make the decision about his wedding. You will forgive him. Impressed by her magnanimity, Lucio Vero puts down his sword and promises to return to her. Flavio recognizes him again as emperor, and Lucio Vero gives Berenice and Vologeso freedom and his empire. Only Aniceto has to give up his secret love for Lucilla. The couples leave and the opera ends with a happy final chorus.
History of origin
After the libretto had been set to music more than fifteen times under the original name of Lucio Vero , it was revised in 1739 by Guido Eustachio Luccarelli for Rinaldo di Capua's opera Vologeso . A large number of other settings appeared under this title. In the course of time the text has been revised and adapted to the conventions of the respective time. The number of arias has been reduced, the originally irregularly shaped arias have been replaced by others and the recitatives have been shortened. The plot has also been simplified. Luccarelli already shortened the third act and the final scenes of the first act significantly. In 1766 Mattia Verazi revised Luccarelli's text for an opera by Niccolò Jommelli , also called Vologeso , who had set the original libretto to music as early as 1754.
Settings
The following composers set this libretto to music:
| year | composer | premiere | Performance location | Remarks | |
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| 1699 | Carlo Francesco Pollarolo | December 26th 1699, Teatro San Giovanni Crisostomo | Venice | also in 1701 as an anonymous arrangement in the Teatro Falcone in Genoa, 1706 in the Teatro in Verona, on December 13, 1707 in the Teatro dei Fiorentini in Naples, on January 18, 1712 in the Teatro Regio Ducale in Milan, on October 26, 1716 in the Teatro Molza in Modena (directed and possibly edited by Antonio Maria Bononcini ); Carnival 1730 at the Teatro Pubblico in Reggio nell'Emilia |
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| 1700 | Giacomo Antonio Perti and Martino Bitti | 1700 | Bologna | the first act is by Bitti, acts two and three by Perti; Music not received |
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| 1700 | anonymous | September 1700, Villa Pratolino | Florence | Further performances of anonymous settings in 1702 in the Teatro San Sebastiano in Livorno, in spring 1717 in the Teatro Formagliari in Bologna, Carnival 1743 as Vologeso, re de 'Parti in Livorno, 1747 in Augsburg, on December 26th 1749 as Vologeso, re de' Parti in Modena, 1755 as Vologeso in the Oper am Gänsemarkt in Hamburg, Carnival 1760 as Vologeso in the Teatro Formagliari in Bologna |
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| 1702 | Johann Mattheson and Georg Bronner | 1702, Opera on the Gänsemarkt | Hamburg | as Berenice ; German libretto version by Hinrich Hinsch |
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| 1710 |
Christoph Graupner → Berenice and Lucilla |
March 4, 1710 | Darmstadt | Libretto arranged as Berenice and Lucilla or Berenice e Lucilla, overo L'amar per virtù by L. Osiander and Aurelio Aureli ; Performed again in June 1712 |
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| 1711 | Johann Friedrich Fasch | 1711 | Time | in German as Lucius Verus ; the librettist or arranger is not named; 1739 as Berenice in Zerbst |
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| 1713 | Tomaso Albinoni | May 27, 1713, Teatro Bonacossi | Ferrara |
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| 1718 | Andrea Stefano Fiorè | Carnival 1718, Teatro Carignano | Turin | as Il trionfo di Lucilla | |
| 1719 | Francesco Gasparini | January 1719, Teatro Alibert | Rome | ||
| 1720 | Pietro Torri | October 12, 1720, court theater | Munich | performed again on January 3, 1723 |
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| 1722 | Domenico Sarro | January 1722, Teatro San Bartolomeo | Naples | ||
| 1726 | Francesco Ciampi | Carnival 1726, Teatro Arciducale | Mantua | ||
| 1727 | Antonio Bioni | May 1727, Theater im Ballhaus | Wroclaw | ||
| 1727 | Attilio Ariosti | January 7th 1727, King's Theater on Haymarket | London | as Lucio Vero, imperator di Roma ; Libretto arrangement probably by Nicola Francesco Haym |
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| 1728 | Reinhard Keizer | 1728, Opera on the Gänsemarkt | Hamburg | as Lucius Verus ; German libretto version by Hinrich Hinsch , originally set to music in 1702 under the name Berenice by Johann Mattheson and Georg Bronner ; According to the preface, some of the German arias have been replaced by Italian ones; Music not received |
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| 1731 | Antonio Tonelli | 1731 | Bologna | Librettist or editor not named; Music not received |
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| 1735 | Francesco Araja | 4th January 1735, Teatro Sant'Angelo | Venice | ||
| 1737 | Nicola Sala | 1737, Condes Theater | Lisbon | as Vologeso | |
| 1739 | Rinaldo di Capua | Carnival 1739, Teatro Argentina | Rome | Libretto arranged by Guido Eustachio Luccarelli as Vologeso, re de 'Parti ; also on October 4, 1745 in Terni; in the spring of 1749 in Macerata |
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| 1739 | Ignaz Holzbauer | Fall 1739 | Holleschau | as Vologeso | |
| 1741 | Pietro sweater | May 1741, Teatro Pubblico | Reggio nell'Emilia | as Vologeso, re de 'Parti | |
| 1742 | Giuseppe Maria Orlandini (?) | January 1742, Teatro della Pergola | Florence | as Vologeso, re de 'Parti; probably only edited by Orlandini |
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| 1742 | Ignazio Fiorillo | 1742 | Padua | as Vologeso | |
| 1742 | anonymous ( pasticcio ) | Carnival 1742, Teatro Filarmonico | Verona | Another pasticcio version on November 13, 1759 as Vologeso in King's Theater on Haymarket in London | |
| 1744 | Leonardo Leo | Carnival 1744, Teatro Regio | Turin | as Vologeso, re de 'Parti | |
| 1745 | Gennaro Manna | December 19, 1745, Teatro San Carlo | Naples | ||
| 1746 | Paolo Scalabrini | November 1746, court theater | Braunschweig | as Lucius Verus; Authorship doubtful; German translation of the libretto probably by Georg Caspar Schürmann ; Arias by Carl Heinrich Graun ; also on November 28, 1746 in the opera on Gänsemarkt in Hamburg; for the winter fair in 1756 again in Braunschweig |
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| 1748 | Baldassare Galuppi | February 13, 1748, Teatro Argentina | Rome | as Il Vologeso; also on December 20, 1748 in Cremona; Carnival 1749 in the Teatro dell'Aquila in Foligno; Carnival 1751 in the Teatro de 'Nobili in Perugia; Carnival 1753 in the Teatro Regio Ducale Vecchio in Mantua; Carnival 1754 in the Theater am Tummelplatz in Graz |
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| 1750 | Davide Perez | 1750, court theater | Vienna | as Vologeso re de 'Parti ; 1754 revised as Lucio Vero in the Teatro Filarmonico in Verona; Carnival 1762 revised as La Berenice ibid |
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| 1752 | Andrea Adolfati | Carnival 1752, Teatro Falcone | Genoa | as Vologeso | |
| 1752 | Giovanni Battista Lampugnani | Carnival 1752, Teatro Falcone | Genoa | as Vologeso, re de 'Parti ; also on November 30, 1753 as Il Vologeso in Barcelona |
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| 1752 | Girolamo subscriptions | December 18, 1752, Teatro San Carlo | Naples | as Lucio Vero, o sia Il Vologeso | |
| 1753 | Francesco Zoppis | 1753, New Theater | Prague | as Vologeso ; also in the Theater an der Reitbahn in Leipzig |
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| 1754 | Niccolò Jommelli | January 26th 1754, Teatro Regio Ducale | Milan | first setting |
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| 1754 | Giuseppe Sarti | Carnival 1754, Det Kongelige Teater | Copenhagen | as Vologeso ; also Carnival 1765 in the Teatro San Benedetto in Venice; Carnival 1769 in Verona |
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| 1757 | Ferdinando Bertoni | Carnival 1757, Teatro Regio | Turin | first setting | |
| 1759 | Ferdinando Bertoni | Carnival 1759, Teatro degli Obizzi | Padua | second setting as vologeso; also on February 11, 1764 in the Teatro Argentina in Rome |
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| 1764 | Domenico Fischietti | 1764 | Prague | as Vologeso | |
| 1764 | Antonio Sacchini | November 4, 1764, Teatro San Carlo | Naples | Resumptions on December 27, 1766 and August 13, 1785; 1772 as Vologeso in the Teatro Ducale in Parma |
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| 1766 | Giovanni Masi | 1766, Teatro degli Illuminati | Città di Castello | as Vologeso; also on January 2, 1776 in the Teatro Argentina in Rome |
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| 1766 | Niccolò Jommelli | 1766, palace theater | Ludwigsburg | second setting as vologeso ; Libretto edited by Mattia Verazi ; also Carnival 1769 in the Teatro de Salvaterra in Lisbon |
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| 1770 | Giuseppe Colla | May 24th 1770, Teatro San Benedetto | Venice | as Vologeso | |
| 1774 | Tommaso Traetta | November 17, 1774, court theater | St. Petersburg | Libretto edited by Marco Coltellini | |
| 1775 | Giovanni Marco Rutini | January 22nd 1775, Teatro della Pergola | Florence | as Vologeso, re de 'Parti; also on May 30, 1776 at the Teatro San Carlo in Naples |
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| 1775 | Pietro Alessandro Guglielmi | December 26th 1775, Teatro Regio Ducale | Milan | as Vologeso | |
| 1778 | Giacomo Rust | December 28th 1778, Teatro San Benedetto | Venice | as Vologeso; also in the spring of 1780 in the Teatro delle Dame in Rome |
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| 1783 | Vicente Martín y Soler | February 1, 1783, Teatro Regio | Turin | as Vologeso | |
| 1789 | Antonio Brunetti | May 27, 1789, Teatro degli Intrepidi | Florence | as Vologeso, re de 'Parti |
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| 1796 | Ignazio Gerace | Ascension Mass 1796, Teatro San Benedetto | Venice | Libretto arranged as vologeso | |
| 1811 | Niccolò Antonio Zingarelli | 1811, Teatro Valle | Rome | Libretto arranged by Jacopo Ferretti as Berenice, regina d'Armenia | |
| 1817 | Carlo Evasio Soliva | January 1817, Teatro Regio | Turin | Libretto arranged by Jacopo Ferretti as Berenice d'Armenia |
Recordings and performances in recent times
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Christoph Graupner - Berenice and Lucilla :
- October 2010 (performance in the Orangery Darmstadt ): Wolfgang Seeliger (conductor), Sigrid T'Hooft (director), Darmstädter Hofkapelle, Konzertchor Darmstadt . David Pichlmaier (Lucius Verus), Jean-Pierre Ouellet (Vologesus), Antje Bitterlich (Berenice), Bettina Ranch (Lucilla), Christian Rathgeber (Anicetus), Richard Logiewa (Claudius), Burkhard Hildebrandt (Nisus).
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Niccolò Jommelli - Vologeso:
- 1993/1998 (performance at the “Festival of Early Music” in Stuttgart and CD): Frieder Bernius (conductor), Stuttgart Chamber Orchestra. Lothar Odinius (Lucio Vero), Jörg Waschinski (Vologeso), Gabriele Rossmanith (Berenice), Helene Schneiderman (Lucilla), Daniel Taylor (Aniceto), Mechthild Bach (Flavio). Orfeo 420 983 (3 CD).
- 2015 (performances at the Stuttgart State Theater under the name Berenike, Queen of Armenia ): Gabriele Ferro (conductor), Stuttgart State Orchestra . Sebastian Kohlhepp (Lucio Vero), Sophie Marilley (Vologeso), Ana Durlovski (Berenice), Helene Schneiderman (Lucilla), Igor Durlovski (Aniceto), Catriona Smith (Flavio). A video recording was broadcast on ARTE Concert .
Web links
- Libretto (Italian / German) of the opera Il Vologeso by Niccolò Jommelli as full text (PDF) on Deutschlandradio Kultur
- Information about the performance of Berenike, Queen of Armenia (Jommellis Vologeso ) in the Stuttgart State Theater with the manuscript of the radio broadcast on April 12, 2015 on SWR2
- The fabric from 1699 to 1815
- Summary of Niccolò Jommelli's Vologeso on musirony.de
Digital copies
- ↑ a b Libretto (Italian with detailed German synopsis) of the opera by Pietro Torri, Munich 1720. Digitized version of the Munich digitization center .
- ↑ Libretto (Italian) of the opera by Carlo Francesco Pollarolo, Venice 1700. Digital copy from the Museo internazionale e biblioteca della musica di Bologna .
- ^ Libretto (Italian) of the anonymous opera, Florence 1700. Digitized version of the Museo internazionale e biblioteca della musica di Bologna .
- ^ Libretto (Italian) of the anonymous opera, Livorne 1702. Digitized in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna .
- ^ Libretto (Italian) of the anonymous opera, Bologna 1717. Digitized in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna .
- ^ Libretto (Italian) of the anonymous opera, Livorno 1743. Digitized version of the Biblioteca Nazionale Braidense .
- ↑ Lucius Verus. Libretto (Italian / German) of the anonymous opera, Augsburg 1747. Digitized at Google Books .
- ^ Libretto (Italian) of the anonymous opera, Modena 1749. Digitized in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna .
- ^ Libretto (Italian / German) of the anonymous opera, Hamburg 1755. Digital copy from the Berlin State Library .
- ^ Libretto (Italian) of the anonymous opera, Bologna 1760. Digitized in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna .
- ^ Libretto (German) of the opera by Johann Mattheson and Georg Bronner, Hamburg 1702. Digital copy from the Berlin State Library .
- ^ Libretto (German) of the opera by Christoph Graupner, Darmstadt 1712. Digitized from the Wolfenbüttel digital library .
- ^ Libretto (Italian) of the opera by Tomaso Albinoni, Ferrara 1713. Digitized version of the Museo internazionale e biblioteca della musica di Bologna .
- ^ Libretto (Italian) of the opera by Andrea Stefano Fiorè, Turin 1718. Digitized in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna .
- ^ Libretto (Italian) of the opera by Francesco Gasparini, Rome 1719. Digitized version of the Museo internazionale e biblioteca della musica di Bologna .
- ↑ Score of the opera by Pietro Torri, Munich 1720. Digitized by the International Music Score Library Project .
- ^ Score of the opera by Domenico Sarro, Naples 1722. Digitized at the International Music Score Library Project .
- ^ Libretto (Italian) of the opera by Francesco Ciampi, Mantua 1726. Digital copy from the Biblioteca Nazionale Braidense .
- ^ Libretto (Italian / English) of the opera by Attilio Ariosti, London 1727. Digitized in the Internet Archive .
- ^ Libretto (Italian) of the opera by Francesco Araja, Venice 1735. Digitized version of the Museo internazionale e biblioteca della musica di Bologna .
- ^ Libretto (Italian) of the opera by Rinaldo di Capua, Rome 1739. Digitized version of the Museo internazionale e biblioteca della musica di Bologna .
- ^ Libretto (Italian) of the opera by Pietro Pulli, Reggo nell'Emilia 1741. Digitized from the Biblioteca Nazionale Braidense .
- ^ Libretto (Italian) des Pasticcios, Verona 1742. Digitized version of the Biblioteca Nazionale Braidense .
- ^ Libretto (Italian / English) des Pasticcios, London 1759. Digitized at Google Books .
- ↑ Score (arias) of the opera by Leonardo Leo. Digitized at the International Music Score Library Project .
- ^ Libretto (Italian) of the opera by Gennaro Manna, Naples 1745. Digitized version of the Museo internazionale e biblioteca della musica di Bologna .
- ↑ Score of the opera by Gennaro Manna, Naples around 1745. Digitized by the International Music Score Library Project .
- ^ Libretto (Italian) of the opera by Baldassare Galuppi, Rome 1748. Digitized version of the Museo internazionale e biblioteca della musica di Bologna .
- ^ Libretto (Italian / Spanish) of the opera by Giovanni Battista Lampugnani, Barcelona 1753. Digitized version of the Museo internazionale e biblioteca della musica di Bologna .
- ↑ Piano reduction of the opera by Francesco Zoppis with excerpts from Ignazio Fiorillos Vologeso. Digitized version of the Dresden State and University Library .
- ^ Libretto (Italian) of the opera by Niccolò Jommelli, Milan 1754. Digitized version of the Museo internazionale e biblioteca della musica di Bologna .
- ^ Score of the opera by Niccolò Jommelli, Naples 1754. Digitized by the International Music Score Library Project .
- ^ Libretto (Italian) of the opera by Giuseppe Sarti, Venice 1765. Digitized version of the Munich digitization center .
- ^ Libretto (Italian) of the opera by Ferdinando Bertoni, Turin 1757. Digitized version of the Munich digitization center .
- ^ Libretto (Italian) of the opera by Ferdinando Bertoni, Rome 1764. Digitized version of the Museo internazionale e biblioteca della musica di Bologna .
- ^ Libretto (Italian) of the opera by Antonio Sacchini, Naples 1785. Digitized version of the Museo internazionale e biblioteca della musica di Bologna .
- ^ Score of the opera by Antonio Sacchini, Naples 1785. Digitized by the International Music Score Library Project .
- ^ Libretto (Italian) of the opera by Giovanni Masi, Rome 1776. Digitized version of the Museo internazionale e biblioteca della musica di Bologna .
- ^ Libretto (Italian) of the opera by Niccolò Jommelli, Lisbon 1769. Digitized version of the Museo internazionale e biblioteca della musica di Bologna .
- ^ Libretto (Italian) of the opera by Giuseppe Colla, Venice 1770. Digital copy from the Biblioteca Nazionale Braidense .
- ^ Libretto (Italian) of the opera by Giovanni Marco Rutini, Florence 1775. Digitized version of the Museo internazionale e biblioteca della musica di Bologna .
- ^ Libretto (Italian) of the opera by Pietro Alessandro Guglielmi, Milan 1776. Digitized version of the Museo internazionale e biblioteca della musica di Bologna .
- ^ Libretto (Italian) of the opera by Giacomo Rust, Venice 1779. Digitized version of the Museo internazionale e biblioteca della musica di Bologna .
- ^ Libretto (Italian) of the opera by Vicente Martín y Soler, Turin 1783. Digitized in the Internet Archive .
- ^ Libretto (Italian) of the opera by Antonio Brunetti, Florence 1789. Digitized version of the Museo internazionale e biblioteca della musica di Bologna .
- ^ Libretto (Italian) of the opera by Ignazio Gerace, Venice 1796. Digitized version of the Museo internazionale e biblioteca della musica di Bologna .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Libretto (Italian / German) of the opera Il Vologeso by Niccolò Jommelli as full text (PDF) on Deutschlandradio Kultur
- ↑ Elena Sala Di Felice: Zeno, Apostolo. In: Grove Music Online (English; subscription required).
- ^ Lucio Vero (Carlo Francesco Pollarolo) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna . Retrieved December 15, 2015.
- ^ Lowell Lindgren: Bononcini, Antonio Maria. In: Grove Music Online (English; subscription required).
- ^ Record of the performance on December 26, 1701 in the Teatro Falcone in Genoa in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna , accessed on August 2, 2020.
- ^ Anne Schnoebelen (with Marc Vanscheeuwijck): Perti, Giacomo Antonio. In: Grove Music Online (English; subscription required).
- ^ Francesco Lora: I drammi per musica di Giacomo Antonio Perti per il teatro della Villa medicea di Pratolino (1700–01; 1707–10). P. 37 ( online at the University of Bologna)
- ^ Lucio Vero (anonymous) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna . Retrieved December 15, 2015.
- ↑ Lucio Vero [BO 1717] (anonymous) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna . Retrieved December 15, 2015.
- ^ Vologeso, re de 'Parti (anonymous) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna . Retrieved December 16, 2015.
- ^ Vologeso (anonymous) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna . Retrieved December 16, 2015.
- ^ Berenice (Georg Bronner) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna . Retrieved December 16, 2015.
- ↑ a b Klaus Zelm: Reinhard Keiser's operas - studies on chronology, tradition and style development (= musicological writings. Volume 8). Musikverlag Emil Katzbichler, Munich – Salzburg 1975, ISBN 3-87397-107-0 , p. 80
- ^ Berenice e Lucilla, overo L'amar per virtù (Christoph Graupner) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna . Retrieved December 16, 2015.
- ^ Alberto Martino: The Italian literature in the German-speaking area. Rodopi, Amsterdam and Atlanta 1994, ISBN 90-5183-644-9 , p. 54 ( preview on Google Books )
- ↑ Gottfried Küntzel and Barbara M. Reul: Fasch, Johann Friedrich. In: Grove Music Online (English; subscription required).
- ↑ Lucio Vero (Tomaso Albinoni) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna . Retrieved December 15, 2015.
- ^ Il trionfo di Lucilla (Andrea Stefano Fiorè) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna . Retrieved December 16, 2015.
- ^ Sven Hansell: Fiorè, Andrea Stefano. In: Grove Music Online (English; subscription required).
- ↑ Lucio Vero (Francesco Gasparini) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna . Retrieved December 15, 2015.
- ↑ Lucio Vero (Pietro Torri) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna . Retrieved December 15, 2015.
- ↑ Lucio Vero (Domenico Sarro) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna . Retrieved December 15, 2015.
- ^ Il Lucio Vero (Francesco Ciampi) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna . Retrieved December 15, 2015.
- ↑ Lucio Vero (Antonio Bioni) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna . Retrieved December 15, 2015.
- ^ A b Marita P. McClymonds: Lucio Vero. In: Grove Music Online (English; subscription required).
- ↑ Lucio Vero, imperator di Roma (Attilio Ariosti) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna . Retrieved December 16, 2015.
- ↑ Lucius Verus, or Die siegende Treue (Reinhard Keizer) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna . Retrieved December 16, 2015.
- ^ Anne Schnoebelen: Tonelli, Antonio. In: Grove Music Online (English; subscription required).
- ↑ Lucio Vero (Francesco Araia) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna . Retrieved December 15, 2015.
- ^ Vologeso (Nicola Sala) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna . Retrieved December 16, 2015.
- ^ Vologeso, re de 'Parti (Rinaldo di Capua) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna . Retrieved December 16, 2015.
- ^ List of the stage works by Ignaz Holzbauer based on the MGG in Operone. Retrieved December 16, 2015.
- ^ Vologeso, re de 'Parti (Pietro Pulli) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna . Retrieved December 16, 2015.
- ^ John Walter Hill (with Francesco Giuntini): Orlandini, Giuseppe Maria. In: Grove Music Online (English; subscription required).
- ^ Vologeso (Ignazio Fiorillo) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna . Retrieved December 16, 2015.
- ↑ Lucio Vero (Pasticcio) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna . Retrieved December 15, 2015.
- ^ Vologeso (pasticcio) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna . Retrieved December 16, 2015.
- ^ Vologeso, re de 'Parti (Leonardo Leo) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna . Retrieved December 16, 2015.
- ↑ Lucio Vero (Gennaro Manna) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna . Retrieved December 15, 2015.
- ^ Lucio Vero (Paolo Scalabrini) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna . Retrieved December 15, 2015.
- ↑ Lucius Verus. Library data set of the Herzog August Library Wolfenbüttel. Retrieved December 15, 2015.
- ^ Vologeso (Baldassare Galuppi) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna . Retrieved December 16, 2015.
- ^ Vologeso re de 'Parti (Davide Perez) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna . Retrieved December 15, 2015.
- ^ Vologeso (Andrea Adolfati) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna . Retrieved December 16, 2015.
- ^ Vologeso, re de 'Parti (Giovanni Battista Lampugnani) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna . Retrieved December 16, 2015.
- ↑ Lucio Vero, o sia Il Vologeso (Girolamo Abos) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna . Retrieved December 15, 2015.
- ^ Geoffrey Norris: Zoppis, Francesco. In: Grove Music Online (English; subscription required).
- ^ Ortrun Landmann: Breitkopf's Music Trade as Reflected in the Holdings of the Sächsische Landesbibliothek. In: George B. Stauffer (Ed.): JS Bach, the Breitkopfs, and Eighteenth-century Music Trade , University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln and London 1996, ISBN 0-8032-1044-2 , p. 174 ( preview on Google Books )
- ^ Lucio Vero (Niccolò Jommelli) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna . Retrieved December 15, 2015.
- ^ A b Clive McClelland: Ombra: Supernatural Music in the Eighteenth Century. Lexington Books, 2012, ISBN 978-0-7391-6973-5 , p. 146 ff ( preview on Google Books )
- ^ Vologeso (Giuseppe Sarti) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna . Retrieved December 16, 2015.
- ^ Lucio Vero (Ferdinando Bertoni) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna . Retrieved December 15, 2015.
- ^ Il Vologeso (Ferdinando Bertoni) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna . Retrieved December 16, 2015.
- ^ Vologeso (Domenico Fischietti) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna . Retrieved December 16, 2015.
- ^ Lucio Vero (Antonio Sacchini) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna . Retrieved December 15, 2015.
- ^ Vologeso (Antonio Sacchini) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna . Retrieved December 16, 2015.
- ^ List of the stage works by Antonio Sacchini based on the MGG in Operone. Retrieved December 16, 2015.
- ^ Vologeso (Giovanni Masi) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna . Retrieved December 16, 2015.
- ^ Vologeso (Niccolò Jommelli) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna . Retrieved December 16, 2015.
- ^ Marita P. McClymonds: Vologeso. In: Grove Music Online (English; subscription required).
- ^ Vologeso (Giuseppe Colla) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna . Retrieved December 16, 2015.
- ↑ Lucio Vero (Tommaso Traetta) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna . Retrieved December 15, 2015.
- ^ Vologeso, re de 'Parti (Giovanni Marco Rutini) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna . Retrieved December 16, 2015.
- ^ Vologeso (Pietro Alessandro Guglielmi) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna . Retrieved December 16, 2015.
- ^ Vologeso, re de 'Parti (Giacomo Rust) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna . Retrieved December 16, 2015.
- ^ Vologeso (Vicente Martín y Soler) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna . Retrieved December 16, 2015.
- ^ Vologeso, re de 'Parti (Antonio Brunetti) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna . Retrieved December 16, 2015.
- ^ Vologeso (Ignazio Gerace) in the Corago information system of the University of Bologna . Retrieved December 16, 2015.
- ↑ RM Longyear and Rodobaldo Tibaldi: Zingarelli, Niccolò Antonio. In: Grove Music Online (English; subscription required).
- ↑ Zofia Chechlińska: Soliva, Carlo Evasio. In: Grove Music Online (English; subscription required).
- ↑ Sigrid T'Hooft stages Christoph Graupner's baroque opera BERENICE UND LUCILLA in the orangery - announcement of the 2010 performance ( memento of August 24, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) on the website of the Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Mittelrheinische Musikgeschichte e. V.
- ↑ Big gestures to deep feelings - announcement of the performance of 2010 ( memento of August 26, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) in the Darmstädter Echo of October 14, 2010.
- ↑ Photos of the 2010 performance on the website of tenor Jean-Pierre Ouellet, accessed on August 25, 2014.
- ↑ Work data on Vologeso based on the MGG with discography in Operone
- ^ Jommelli - Il Vologeso. CD review on Classical Net , accessed December 18, 2015.
- ↑ Thomas Molke: Berenike, Queen of Armenia. Review of the Stuttgart performance on February 15, 2015 in Online Musik Magazin , accessed on December 18, 2015.
- ↑ Berenike, Queen of Armenia on ARTE Concert (video no longer available) , accessed on December 18, 2015.