Ivan Alexeyevich Bunin

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Ivan Alexejewitsch Bunin (no year, no photographer)
Ivan Bunin (signature) .jpg

Ivan Bunin ( Russian Иван Алексеевич Бунин ., Scientific transliteration Ivan Bunin Alekseevic ; born October 10, jul. / 22. October  1870 greg. In Voronezh , † 8. November 1953 in Paris ) was a Russian writer , poet and translator . Bunin continued the tradition of 19th century Russian literature . He is best known for his realistic prose , the main theme of which is life in rural and provincial Russia before the October Revolution . In 1933 Bunin was the first Russian to receive the Nobel Prize for Literature .

Life

Bunin came from the noble family of an impoverished officer and spent his early childhood on Butyrki, the family's last remaining homestead in Oryol Governorate . From 1881 he was able to attend high school in Jelez for four years, but then continued to be taught privately by his older brother, who introduced him to classical literature, as well as natural sciences and mathematics, among other things. In 1887 Bunin's first poem appeared in the Petersburg magazine Rodina ; However, in 1889 he followed his brother to Charkow , where he was employed. He earned his living, among other things, as a librarian and editor of the Kharkov magazine Orlowski Westnik ( Oryol Messenger ). In 1891 she also printed out his first stories. After he married his colleague Varvara Pashchenko in the same year, the couple moved to Poltava in 1892 , where Bunin worked as an administrative clerk in the governorate. His first volume of poetry, Stichotworenija 1887-1891 ( poems 1887-1891 ), was published in 1891 and is considered to be quite immature and without its own language.

Bunin himself saw the beginning of his serious literary work in 1893 in the short story Tanka , which was published in the journal Russkoje Bogatstvo ( Russian Wealth ). Another turning point was the separation from his wife in 1895, after which he gave up his work in Poltava and moved to Moscow . Quickly accepted into the local artistic circles, Bunin made the acquaintance of Tolstoy , Chekhov and younger writers such as Fyodor Sologub , Konstantin Balmont and Valeri Brjussow . Another marriage (1896–1900) with Anna Zakni also ended with a separation, their son Kolja died in 1905.

Since 1895, Bunin's travels through the Ukraine took him to the Crimea and Odessa ; his correspondence with Chekhov dates from this period. Since 1899 he had also been in correspondence with Maxim Gorky . The story Antonowskije Jabloki ( Die Antonäpfel ), published in 1900, marks the beginning of Bunin's literary success: It describes the rural life of ancient Russia in a poetic way and was later printed in all Russian reading books. The volume of poetry Listopad was published in 1901 , and from 1902 to 1909 the Snanije publishing house published a five-volume edition of the poet's works.

As early as 1896, Bunin, who had learned the English language in self-study, had translated The Song of Hiawatha , an epic verse by the American poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow , and other English poetry, such as the English poets Lord Byron and Lord Alfred Tennyson . For his poems in Listopad and the translations he received the Pushkin Prize of the Russian Academy in 1903; In 1909 he was again awarded the prize and also accepted as an honorary member of the academy.

As an established poet and author, before the First World War , Bunin traveled extensively to the Middle East, Egypt and North Africa, to Palestine , to India and Ceylon , which gave his work new impulses. He spent the winters from 1912 to 1914 on Capri together with Maxim Gorky. His third marriage was in 1906 with Vera Muromzewa (1881–1961); she wrote several highly regarded biographies about him after his death.

Soviet postage stamp (1990)

Bunin's more mature stories turned thematically to the "historical fate of Russia" and the decline of the Russian village, for example in the 1910 story Derewnja ( village ) or the anthology Suchodol from 1912. Saw in the revolution of 1905 and the beginning of the First World War Bunin clear omens for the fall of Russia.

After the October Revolution , the anti-Bolshevik Bunin left Moscow in 1918 and initially retired to Odessa before he left Russia in 1919/1920 with the last ship for France and settled in Grasse . As one of the last poets of the “generation of classics” around Tolstoy and Chekhov, he found admiration and recognition in emigration; his works from this period are marked by a resolute rejection of the October Revolution and the Soviet Union. This broke up the friendship with Gorky.

In 1933, Bunin was the first Russian-speaking author to receive the Nobel Prize for Literature . The award-giving Swedish Academy recognized the honor with the following words: “ for the strict artistry with which he has carried on the classical Russian traditions in prose writing ” (German: “for the absolute skill with which he used the classical Russian traditions in prose writing continued "). He is listed as stateless by the Swedish Academy and the Nobel Foundation . The Nobel Foundation does not show any nationality of the Nobel Prize Laureates on its website, but makes an exception for Bunin.

In 1945 and 1946 he considered a return to the Soviet Union, to which Elsa Triolet and Konstantin Simonow tried to persuade him, but he ultimately remained in exile in Paris.

After his death, Bunin was rehabilitated in the Soviet Union in 1956, and most of his works were allowed to appear again there. However, erotic passages were deleted by the Glawlit censorship authority . It was only after the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 that his works about the rise of the Bolsheviks in 1917 and the Russian civil war, including his diary " Verfluchte Tage" ( Окаянные дни ), could appear in Russia .

Others

A Volga cruise ship was named after Ivan Bunin.

Volga cruise ship "Ivan Bunin"

A prize was also named after Ivan Bunin.

Works

Bunin's grave ( Russian cemetery of Sainte-Geneviève-des-Bois )

A German-language edition is published by Dörlemann Verlag in Zurich .

  • Antonowskije jabloki ( Russian "Антоновские яблоки" ), story 1900 (Ger. The Antonow apples ; with 9 others in :).
  • Erzählungen , Munich 1903, online at archive.org .
  • Stories 1904: Sny ( Russian "Сны" , German dreams ) and Solotoje dno ( Russian "Золотое дно" , German golden soil )
  • Derewnja ( Russian "Деревня" ), Roman 1910 (German The Village , 1936).
  • Suchodol ( Russian "Суходол" ), story 1912 ( Eng . Suchodol , 1966).
    • The village and Suchodol in a new translation by Dorothea Trottenberg, edited and with an afterword by Thomas Grob, Dörlemann Verlag, Zurich 2011, ISBN 978-3-908777-70-0 .
  • Tschascha schisni ( Russian "Чаша жизни" ), story 1913 (Ger. The Cup of Life, 1959).
  • Grammatika ljubwi ( Russian "Грамматика любви" ), stories 1915 (German: The grammar of love , 1935).
  • Gospodin is San-Franzisko ( Russian "Господин из Сан-Франциско" ), novella 1915 ( Eng . The Lord from San Francisco , 1922).
    • A gentleman from San Francisco in a new translation by Dorothea Trottenberg, edited and with an afterword by Thomas Grob, Dörlemann Verlag, Zurich 2017, ISBN 978-3-03820-047-5 .
  • Kasimir Stanislawowitsch ( Russian "Казимир Станиславович" ), story 1916 (Ger. Kasimir Stanislawowitsch ).
  • Ljogkoje dychanije ( Russian "Лёгкое дыхание" ), story 1916 (German: easy breath ).
  • Petlistyje uschi ( Russian "Петлистые уши" ), story 1917 (German: loop ears ).
  • Gotami ( Russian "Готами" ), story 1920 (Eng. Gotami ).
  • Temir-Aksak-Khan ( Russian "Темир-Аксак-Хан" ), story 1922 (German Temir-Aksak-Khan ).
  • Besumny chudoschnik ( Russian "Безумный художник" ), story 1923 (German: The mad artist ).
  • Konez ( Russian "Конец" ), narrative 1923 (German: The End ).
  • Koszy ( Russian "Косцы" ), story 1923 (Eng. Die Schnitter ).
  • Mitina ljubow ( Russian "Митина любовь" ), short stories ( Eng . Mitjas Liebe , 1925).
  • Delo korneta Jelagina ( Russian "Дело корнета Елагина" ), story 1926 (Ger. The case of the cornet Jelagin ).
  • Stjopa ( Russian "Степа" ), story 1938 (German Stjopa ).
  • Musa ( Russian "Муза" ), story 1938 (Eng. Musa ).
  • Schisn Arsenjewa ( Russian "Жизнь Арсеньева" ), novel 1927–39 (German. The life of Arsenyev . A youth in old Russia, 1933).
  • Russja ( Russian "Руся" ), story 1942 (German Russja ).
  • Natalie ( Russian "Натали" ), story 1942 (German Natalie ).
  • Tjomnyje allei ( Russian "Темные аллеи" ), Stories 1943 (German: Dunkle Alleen , 1959). Also contains:
  • Wtoroi kofeinik ( Russian "Второй кофейник" ), story 1945 (German: The second pot of coffee ).
  • Cholodnaja ossen ( Russian "Холодная осень" ), story 1945 (German: Cold Autumn ).
  • Tschisty ponedelnik ( Russian "Чистый понедельник" ), story 1945 (German. The first day of the great fasts ).
  • Galja Ganskaja ( Russian "Галя Ганская" ), story 1946 (Ger. Galja Ganskaja ).
  • O Chekhov ( Russian "О Чехове" ), 1955.
    • Čechov: Memories of a contemporary . Translation of Brigitte van Kann. Edited and commented by Peter Urban . Berlin: Friedenauer Presse, 2004.
  • Perwaja ljubow ( Russian "Первая любовь" ), stories (German: First Love, 1962).
  • Posledneje swidanije ( Russian "Последнее свидание" ), short stories (German. One last reunion, 1964).
  • Okajannyje dni ( Russian "Окаянные дни" ).
    • Cursed Days: A Revolution Diary . Translation by Dorothea Trottenberg, edited and with an afterword by Thomas Grob, Dörlemann Verlag, Zurich 2008.
  • Stokrat blaschennaja toska ( Russian "Стократ блаженная тоска" ), poems (German: Only grief comforts you, 1998).
  • Sobranije sotschinenij ( Russian "Собрание сочинений" ), 10 vols., 1934–36.
  • Rusja, German story 1972.
  • Nocturnal conversation . Stories from the years 1892 to 1911 German 1978 - Insel-Bücherei 1021/1.
  • Collected works in individual volumes, German edited and provided with afterwords by Karlheinz Kasper . Aufbau-Verlag, Berlin and Weimar 1979–1985. - Only these four volumes have been published:
    • The Life of Arseniev, 1979.
    • Antonäpfel: Stories 1892–1911, translated by Erich Ahrndt, Charlotte Kossuth, Larissa Robiné and Georg Schwarz, 1982.
    • The Chalice of Life: Stories 1911–1919, translated by Erich Ahrndt, Larissa Robiné, Jürgen Schlenker and Georg Schwarz, 1983.
    • Dunkle Alleen: Stories 1920-1953, translated by Erich Ahrndt, Charlotte Kossuth and Ilse Tschörtner, 1985.
  • Twenty miniatures , German 1989.
  • The sunstroke . Stories, German 1995.
  • Love and other misfortunes . Novellas, German 2000, series Die Other Bibliothek
  • Mind games: Russian-German poems . Translation Christine Fischer. With an afterthought by Daniel Riniker. Zurich: Pano, 2003.
  • An unknown friend . Translation of Swetlana Geier . Dörlemann Verlag, Zurich 2003.
  • Spring: Tales 1913 . Translation by Dorothea Trottenberg, edited and with an afterword by Thomas Grob, Dörlemann Verlag, Zurich 2016, ISBN 978-3-03820-031-4 .
  • Vera: Stories 1912 . Translation by Dorothea Trottenberg, edited and with an afterword by Thomas Grob, Dörlemann Verlag, Zurich 2014.
  • Conversation in the Night: Stories 1911 . Translation by Dorothea Trottenberg, edited and with an afterword by Thomas Grob, Dörlemann Verlag, Zurich 2013.
  • At the origin of the days: early stories 1890–1909 . Translation by Dorothea Trottenberg, edited and with an afterword by Thomas Grob, Dörlemann Verlag, Zurich 2010.
  • The Temple of the Sun: literary travel pictures 1897–1924 . Translation by Dorothea Trottenberg, edited and with an afterword by Thomas Grob, Dörlemann Verlag, Zurich 2008.

literature

  • Baldur Kirchner : Ivan Aleksejevic Bunin's view of life after his prose work. Tubingen 1968
  • Karl Birkmann: I'm slowly crossing the line ... Russia between Bunin and Solzhenitsyn. Markus, Munich 1974, ISBN 3-920135-22-9
  • Annette Elbel: The stories of Ivan Bunins. 1890-1917. A systematic study of form and content. Schmitz, Gießen 1975 (= Eastern European Studies of the Universities of the State of Hesse; Series 2, Marburg Treatises on the History and Culture of Eastern Europe; 10)
  • Silke Klöver: Color, light and shine as poetic means of expression in Ivan Bunin's poetry. Sagner, Munich 1992, ISBN 3-87690-516-8 (= Slavic articles; 286) ( digitized version )
  • Olga Martynova : Russia is female. Life too ... The stories of Bunin . In: Die Zeit , No. 19/2001
  • Andrea Meyer-Fraatz: Ivan Bunin's sonnet poem. Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden 1990, ISBN 3-447-03093-3 (= Opera Slavica; NF, 20)
  • Hella Reese: A masterpiece in the twilight. Ivan Bunin's narrative short prose connection Temnye allei between acceptance and rejection. A genre study. Sagner, Munich 2003, ISBN 3-87690-870-1 (= Slavic articles; 424)
  • Heinrich Riggenbach: Bunin, Iwan Alexejewitsch. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .
  • Irina Zielke: Text and Metaphor. Studies on Ivan Bunin's prose. Kovac, Hamburg 2001, ISBN 3-8300-0307-2 (= Poetica series; 55)

Web links

Commons : Ivan Bunin  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b c Adrian Wanner: Miniature Worlds - Russian prose poems from Turgenev to Charms; Chapter: Short biographies and notes (bilingual anthology) . Pano Verlag, Zurich 2004, ISBN 3-907576-73-X , p. 205 f .
  2. ↑ a b Peter von Matt : We all sleep on volcanoes. Ivan Bunin knows all the stops of Russian storytelling. His stories from 1913 lead to one last happy year, before Bunin's world perishes shortly afterwards in war and revolution. In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung of November 3, 2016, p. 12.
  3. ↑ a b c Appreciation on the official homepage of the Nobel Prize
  4. ↑ List of winners on the Swedish Academy website ( Memento of the original from November 8, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.svenskaakademien.se
  5. ↑ Arkady Vaksberg / Rene Gerra : Sem' dnej v marte. Besedy ob emigracii. Saint Petersburg 2010, pp. 178, 292.
  6. ^ IA Bunin: Publicistika 1918-1953. Ed. Oleg Mikhailov . Nasledie, Moscow 1998, pp. 6-13.
personal data
SURNAME Bunin, Ivan Alexejewitsch
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Бунин, Иван Алексеевич (Russian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Russian writer and poet
DATE OF BIRTH October 22, 1870
PLACE OF BIRTH Voronezh
DATE OF DEATH November 8, 1953
Place of death Paris