Giosuè Carducci

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Giosuè Carducci
Gravestone Giosuè Carducci

Giosuè Carducci [dʒozuˈɛ karˈduttʃi] (pseudonym: Enotrio Romano ; born July 27, 1835 in Valdicastello, today Pietrasanta , Tuscany ; † February 16, 1907 in Bologna ) was an Italian poet, speaker and literary historian.

Life

Giosuè Carducci was the son of a country doctor; his father had been imprisoned as a member of the Carbonari patriotic secret society . This event made Carducci a lifelong Republican.

Carducci grew up in the Pisan Maremma , whose deep and peculiar impressions of nature inspired even the boy to poetic experiments. He spent his later youth in Florence , where his father had moved. Very early on, he was also interested in the works of ancient Greek and Roman authors.

Carducci studied philology at the University of Pisa , where he received his doctorate in philosophy. From 1856 to 1857 he worked as a teacher of rhetoric in San Miniato near Pisa . Because of his atheistic views, his application for a professorship in Greek in Arezzo was rejected. In 1860 he became professor of Greek in Pistoia , in 1861 professor of Italian literature in Bologna , which he held until 1903. There he helped the later professor of linguistics Alfredo Trombetti to study.

In 1862 Carducci became a member of the Masonic lodge "Galvani" and co-founder of the lodge "Felsinea" in Bologna, later affiliated with the lodge "Propaganda Massonica".

In 1890 Carducci, who at that time enjoyed considerable prestige as a political poet and outstanding speaker, was appointed senator . From 1887 he was a corresponding member, from 1897 socio nazionale of the Accademia dei Lincei . From 1886 he was also a corresponding member of the Accademia della Crusca in Florence .

In 1906 Carducci received the Nobel Prize for Literature . The following year Giosuè Carducci died and was buried on the Cimitero Monumentale della Certosa in Bologna.

Developing his style

Carducci had come out early on with small literary-historical works in magazines, as well as a lyrical collection: Rime (1857). The poet's peculiarity was more strongly expressed in the other collections: Levia gravia (1868) and I Decennali . Here he reveals himself as a poet of unusual boldness and originality of thought.

A small hymn, written in 1863: Inno a Satana , which he had printed in 1865 under the pseudonym Enotrio Romano as a kind of leaflet for distribution to friends, had sensational success . The negative spirit, the rebellione , the forza vindice della ragione , is celebrated with the striking force of language as the driving force of human life and world history, as the genius of intellectual independence and boundlessness, as the principle of all progress.

The overall picture of the ingenious poet is given by the Poesie di Enotrio Romano (1871), a collection that also combines what had previously appeared, and which was followed by Nuove poesie (1873; 4th edition 1881) and Giambi ed epodi (1882). His fondness for the ancient Roman past also inspired him to write poems in the stanzas of the Odes of Horace : Odi barbare (3rd edition 1880) and Nuove odi barbare (1882).

Betty Jacobson published a German selection of his poems with an introduction by Karl Hillebrand (1880).

Post fame

In Thomas Mann's work Der Zauberberg , the freethinker and enlightener Ludovico Settembrini tells the main character Hans Castorp that he wrote an obituary for his teacher Carducci after his death for German newspapers.

A municipality in Tuscany (Province of Livorno) between Pisa and Grosseto is called Castagneto Carducci after him . The Carduccihütte, built in 1908 in the Sesto Dolomites , was named after the poet. In countless cities in Italy - large and small - there are streets named after Carducci ( Via Giosuè Carducci ).

Works

  • Rime , 1857
  • Juvenilia , 1857
  • Inno a Satana , 1865
  • Levia Gravia , 1868
  • Studi letterari , 1874
  • Bozzetti critici e discorsi letterari , 1876
  • Odi Barbare , 1877
  • Miramare , 1878
  • Giambi ed epodi , 1882
  • Ça ira , 1883

Works in German translation

  • Selected poems. Metrically translated from Italian by Bettina Jacobson. With an introduction by Karl Hillebrand. Wilhelm Friedrich, Leipzig 1880
  • 30 poems by Giosuè Carducci in: Italian poets since the middle of the 18th century. Translations and studies by Paul Heyse , 4th vol., Hertz, Berlin 1889, pp. 93–124 ( digitized in the Internet Archive )
  • Ça ira. Twelve sonnets. Translated into German and explained by Dr. C. Muhling . Hüttig, Berlin 1893
  • Selected poems. Translated from the Italian by Bettina Jacobsen. Insel Verlag, Leipzig 1907
  • Odi Barbare. Transferred metrically by Fritz Sternberg . Carl Winters University Bookstore, Heidelberg 1913
  • Poems. From the Nobel Prize for Literature Collection 1906. From the Italian by Bettina Jacobson and Fritz Sternberg. With illustrations by Günter Schöllkopf. Coron-Verlag, Zurich undated (around 1970)

literature

Web links

Commons : Giosuè Carducci  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Membership list of the Crusca
  2. knerger.de: The grave of Giosuè Carducci