Camilo José Cela

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The Spanish Nobel Prize winner Camilo José Cela signing books in the Spanish Embassy in Vienna, 1989

Camilo José Cela ( Camilo José Manuel Juan Ramón Francisco de Jerónimo Cela Trulock , born May 11, 1916 in Iria Flavia, Padrón municipality , A Coruña province ; † January 17, 2002 in Madrid ) was a Spanish writer and received the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1989 . His style was called "dark realism" or " tremendismo ".

Life

Camilo José Cela was born to a Spaniard and an Englishwoman. His grandfather, John Trulock, had been in charge of the first railroad in Galicia . In 1925 the entire family moved to Madrid. During his school days, Camilo fell ill with tuberculosis , so that he had to go to a sanatorium (1931-1932), where he had plenty of opportunities to read. In 1934 he began to study medicine at the Universidad Complutense de Madrid , which he soon gave up. Instead, he attended lectures on poetry with Pedro Salinas , whom he showed first poetry and who encouraged him to write. In the Spanish Civil War he fought on the side of the Frankists and was wounded at the front. In 1940 he began to study law (which he also soon dropped out of) and published his first works. After the war, he devoted himself to journalism and worked for the Spanish censorship agency "Cuerpo de Investigación y Vigilancia", to which he had offered himself in 1938 as an informer.

At the age of 26 he published his first novel La familia de Pascual Duarte (1942), which caused a scandal because of the unusually realistic portrayal of brutal acts of violence and was temporarily banned by the censors. With that, Cela became well known and founded the direction of the so-called "tremendismo" in Spain.

In 1944 he married María del Rosario Conde Picavea. Two years later she had a son, who was baptized after his father, Camilo José. From 1947 to 1950 he lived and worked temporarily in the small town of Cebreros . In 1954 he moved to the island of Mallorca , which became his main residence. In 1956, Cela founded Papeles de Son Armadans magazine .

The most famous of his more than 70 works is La Colmena ( The Beehive ), a novel arranged in numerous narrative fragments about Madrid in the years after the Spanish Civil War. Here, too, the censors accused him of immorality and pornography, which is why the first edition appeared in Buenos Aires in 1951 ; only in 1955 could the novel come out in a modified version in Barcelona. In 1982 it was filmed under the direction of Mario Camus (screenplay by JL Dibildos) and in 1983 it was awarded the Golden Bear at the Berlin Film Festival.

Since 1957, Cela was a member of the Real Academia de la Lengua Española .

In 1971, Cela played alongside other artists and celebrities living in Spain such as Erwin Bechtold , Christopher Plummer , Robert Graves , Princesa de Borbón y Parma , Leslie Grimes , Leonard Slater and Charles Orloff in the film Impromptu Balear by the director Francisco Rovira Beleta and the producer and screenwriter Enrique Josa with.

Soon after the transition to democracy, he was appointed Congressman by King Juan Carlos ; From 1977 to 1979 he worked as a senator on the drafting of the Spanish constitution.

On March 10, 1991, he married Marina Castaño. In 1996 the Spanish king bestowed him the title of Marqués de Iria Flavia .

Awards

  • In 1987 Cela was awarded the Premio Príncipe de Asturias for literature.
  • In 1989 he received the Nobel Prize in Literature for his "rich and haunting prose, in which a challenging vision of human exposure is shaped with restrained compassion".
  • In 1994 he received the Premio Planeta for La Cruz de San Andrés ; Plagiarism allegations about this work later became known, which subsequently occupied several courts and were the subject of international press reports.
  • In 1995 he was awarded the prestigious Premio Cervantes .

plant

The complete works of Camilo José Cela comprise over 70 volumes, mostly narrative literature. He was also prolific as a travel writer.

Spanish

novel

  • La familia de Pascual Duarte (novel, 1942) (Eng. Pascual Duarte's family)
  • Nuevas andanzas y desventuras de Lazarillo de Tormes (novel, 1944)
  • Pabellón de reposo (novel, 1944)
  • La colmena (novel, 1951) (Eng. The beehive)
  • Mrs Caldwell habla con su hijo (1953) (Eng. Mrs Caldwell speaks to her son)
  • La Catira (novel, 1955)
  • Historias de España
  • Los ciegos
  • Los tontos (1958)
  • Tobogán de hambrientos (novel, 1962)
  • San Camilo 1936 (novel, 1969)
  • Oficio de tinieblas 5 (novel, 1973)
  • Rol de cornudos (novel, 1976)
  • Mazurca para dos muertos (Roman, 1984) ( Eng . Mazurka for two dead) Premio Nacional de Literatura
  • Izas, rabizas y colipoterras. Drama with acompañamiento de cachondeo y dolor de corazón (1984)
  • Cristo versus Arizona (novel, 1988)
  • El asesinato del perdedor (novel, 1994)
  • La cruz de San Andrés (novel, 1994) Premio Planeta
  • Madera de Boj (novel, 1999)

Novellas

  • Timoteo el incomprendido (1952)
  • Santa Balbina 37, gas en cada piso (1952)
  • Café de artistas (1953)
  • El molino de viento (1956)
  • La familia del heroe (1965)
  • El ciudadano Iscariote Reclús (1965)

Fairy tales, fables, etc. a.

  • Esas nubes que pasan (1945)
  • El bonito crimen del carabinero (1947)
  • El gallego y su cuadrilla (1949)
  • Nuevo retablo de don Cristobita (1957)
  • Los viejos amigos (1960)
  • Gavilla de fábulas sin amor (1962)
  • El solitario y los sueños de Quesada (1963)
  • Toreo de salón (1963)
  • Once cuentos de fútbol (1963)
  • Izas, rabizas y colipoterras (1964)
  • Nuevas escenas matritenses (7 series, 1965–1966)
  • Rol de cornudos (1976)
  • Las orejas del niño Raúl (1985)
  • Vocación de repartidor (1985)
  • La bandada de palomas (1987)
  • Los Caprichos de Francisco de Goya y Lucientes (1989)
  • El hombre y el mar (1990)
  • Cachondeos, escarceos y otros meneos (1991)
  • La sima de las penúltimas inocencias (1993)
  • La dama pájara (1994)
  • Historias familiares (1999)

Travel literature, memories and autobiography

  • Viaje a la Alcarria (1948)
  • Ávila (1952)
  • Del Miño al Bidasoa (1952)
  • Judíos, Moros y Cristianos (1956)
  • Primer viaje andaluz (1959)
  • La rosa (1959)
  • Páginas de geografía errabunda (1965)
  • Viaje al Pirineo de Lérida (1965)
  • Madrid (1966)
  • Barcelona (1970)
  • Nuevo viaje a la Alcarria (1987)
  • Galicia (1990)
  • Memorias, entendimientos y voluntades (autobiography, 1993)

drama

  • María Sabina (1967)
  • Homenaje a El Bosco I. El carro del heno o el inventor de la guillotina (1969)
  • Homenaje a El Bosco II. La extracción de la piedra de la locura o la invención del garrote (1999)

Dictionaries

  • Diccionario secreto (in 2 volumes): 1st volume: Madrid: Alianza Editorial, 1974 (= El Libro de Bolsillo 504, Sección Literatura) ISBN 84-206-1997-3 (first edition 1968 by Ediciones Alfaguara, Madrid), 2nd volume : 1971.
This includes: 1. Series colĕo y afines, 2. Series όρχις , 2. Series testis , 4. Voces de origen prerromano o precolombino ..., 5. Los nombres de las partes constitutivas del testículo, 6. Voces en algún modo relacionadas con the subject
In it, Cela explains various taboo words that deal with the genitals and also uses literary texts for explanation.
  • Enciclopedia del erotismo (1976)
  • Diccionario geográfico popular de España (1998)

Poetry

  • Pisando la dudosa luz del día (written 1936, published 1945)
  • El monasterio y las palabras (1945)
  • Cancionero de la Alcarria (1948)
  • Tres poemas galegos (1957)
  • Reloj de arena, reloj de sol, reloj de sangre (1989)
  • Poesía completa (1996)

German

  • Pascual Duarte's family . Translated from the Spanish by George Leisewitz. Toth, Hamburg 1949. Again: after the translation by Leisewitz with the assistance of the author and Gerda Theile-Bruhns. Arche, Zurich 1960. Again: revised. Anette Grube. Afterword Hans-Jörg Neuschäfer , Piper, Munich 1990 ISBN 3-492-11056-8
  • The beehive. Novel . Translated by Gerda Theile-Bruhns, 1951; 6th edition: Piper series, Vol. 782, Munich 1990 ISBN 3-492-10782-6
  • Mrs. Caldwell is talking to her son . Translated by Gerda Theile-Bruhns. Arche, Zurich 1961. Again: Piper, Munich 1989 ISBN 3-492-10970-5
  • Mazurka for two dead . Translated by Carina von Enzenberg , Hartmut Zahn. Piper, Munich 1991 ISBN 3-492-03424-1
  • Stories without love . Translated by Rainer Specht. Propylaea, Frankfurt 1990 ISBN 3-549-06689-9
  • Ninth and last vermouth: 28 stories from Spanish life . Translated by Gisbert Haefs . Wagenbach, Berlin 1990 ISBN 3-8031-1117-X
  • The Alcarria. Short story from: A vagabond in the service of Spain. Übers. Hildegard Moral. Again in: Spain told. 24 stories. Edited by Christoph Strosetzki. Fischer TB 10706, Frankfurt 1991 ISBN 3596107067 pp. 9 - 53

Filmography

script

  • 1991: Don Quixote ( El Quixote )

Literary template

  • 1975: Life and death of Pascual Duarte ( Pascal Duarte )
  • 1982: The beehive ( La colmena )

Secondary literature

  • Martin Franzbach: History of Spanish Literature at a Glance . Reclam, Stuttgart 2002 (= Universal Library, No. 8861) ISBN 3-15-008861-5
  • Hans U. Gumbrecht: A history of Spanish literature . Suhrkamp, ​​Frankfurt am Main 1998, ISBN 3-518-58062-0
  • Hans-Jörg Neuschäfer: Spanish literary history . 2nd edition, Metzler, Stuttgart 2006, ISBN 3-476-01857-1
  • Christoph Strosetzki: History of Spanish Literature . 2nd edition, Niemeyer, Tübingen 1996, ISBN 3-484-50307-6
  • Gerhard Wild: Camilo José Cela , in: KLfG - Critical Lexicon of Contemporary Foreign Language Literature , in the Munzinger Archive ( beginning of the article freely available)
  • Camilo José Cela y Trulock , in: Internationales Biographisches Archiv 21/2002 from May 13, 2002, in the Munzinger archive ( beginning of article freely available)

Web links

Commons : Camilo José Cela  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Martin Franzbach: History of Spanish Literature at a Glance , p. 345
  2. ^ Camilo José Cela in Cebreros
  3. ↑ Franz Bach, S. 346th
  4. ↑ A Nobel Prize Winner in Court: Did Camilo Copy José Cela? , Frankfurter Allgemeine, March 15, 2001
  5. ↑ Spain's Nobel-winning novelist Cela 'stole passages for his book' , The Independent, February 5, 2008
  6. ^ Nobel laureate Cela again suspected of plagiarism , Märkische Oderzeitung, April 21, 2009
personal data
SURNAME Cela, Camilo José
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Cela Trulock, Camilo José Manuel Juan Ramón Francisco de Jerónimo
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Spanish writer and Nobel Prize winner
DATE OF BIRTH May 11, 1916
PLACE OF BIRTH Iria Flavia, Padrón , A Coruña, Spain
DATE OF DEATH January 17, 2002
Place of death Madrid , Spain