Fritz Steinhoff
Fritz Steinhoff (born November 23, 1897 in Wickede (Dortmund district) , † October 22, 1969 in Hagen ) was a German SPD politician and the third Prime Minister of North Rhine-Westphalia .
Life
Fritz Steinhoff was born in 1897 into a miner's family and grew up in Unna-Massen . While still in elementary school, he had to earn money on a farm on the side. At seventeen he became a miner. In 1917 he was drafted into the Navy and served on a torpedo boat until 1919. Then he worked again as a miner and joined the SPD. There he belonged to the nationally minded Hofgeismar group of young socialists .
In 1922 the 'Association of Miners of Germany' sent Steinhoff to the Academy of Labor in Frankfurt for two semesters . There he heard lectures on economics and politics from Franz Oppenheimer and Erik Nölting ; then he returned to Maassen. He soon became unemployed. He went to Berlin-Schöneberg, attended lectures at the University of Politics , including with Theodor Heuss , and made a living from casual work.
In 1926 Steinhoff became a volunteer with the SPD party newspaper Westfälische Allgemeine Volkszeitung (WAVZ) in Dortmund. In 1927 he became managing director of a newspaper distributor, in 1927 party secretary in Hagen. In the local elections in 1929, the SPD achieved a majority in Hagen and Steinhoff became an honorary magistrate for youth sports and urban gardening.
time of the nationalsocialism
After the seizure of power of the NSDAP , the Steinhoff had fought vigorously, he was arrested several times. He now worked as a sales representative and opened a stove and oven cleaning business in 1937.
On October 12, 1938, he was sentenced to three years in prison for smuggling issues of the social democratic newspaper Vorwärts to Germany in 1934 . After his release on January 16, 1941, he worked again as an unskilled worker. After the assassination attempt on July 20, 1944 , he was arrested again and taken to the Sachsenhausen concentration camp , where Fritz Henßler was also imprisoned. On April 21, 1945, SS units evacuated the Sachsenhausen concentration camp and drove 33,000 prisoners on a death march . Steinhoff was liberated by American troops in Mecklenburg.
Political career after 1945
After the war he was employed as a city councilor in Iserlohn . In 1946 he became honorary mayor of Hagen. Although the CDU was the strongest parliamentary group in the city council after the local elections, Steinhoff kept his office until 1956. At the same time he was a member of the Provincial Council of Westphalia and the first state parliament of North Rhine-Westphalia . From 1949 to 1950 he was also Minister of Reconstruction in Karl Arnold's cabinet . In 1950 he became vice chairman of the parliamentary group. After Henßler's unexpected death on December 4, 1953, he succeeded him as parliamentary group chairman and led the SPD NRW as a top candidate in the state election campaign in 1954 . The CDU received 41.3% (plus 4.4 percentage points), but could not continue its coalition with the Center Party as hoped , because the two only had 99 of the 200 seats. Prime Minister Arnold could have formed a two-party coalition with the FDP; but he decided on a three-party coalition made up of the CDU, FDP and the center.
Social-Liberal Coalition 1956–1958
After a conflict between the CDU and the FDP at the federal level (→ more here ), the FDP also turned away from the CDU in North Rhine-Westphalia. With the help of the " Young Turks " in the FDP ("Young Turks" in the Ottoman military had forced Sultan Abdülhamid II to reform in 1908 ), on February 20, 1956, Steinhoff passed a successful constructive vote of no confidence in Prime Minister Arnold and became his successor.
The social-liberal coalition , however, was dependent on support from the center. For this reason, some reforms that were considered important, for example in the school system, could not be carried out. However, the reform of the municipal financial equalization scheme was successful. Research funding was also expanded, particularly in the field of nuclear energy . This is how the foundation stone for the Jülich nuclear research facility was laid.
In the state elections in 1958 , the SPD received 39.2 percent of the vote; the CDU received 50.5 percent and Franz Meyers became Prime Minister .
Late years
In 1958 Steinhoff became chairman of the Ruhr coal district settlement association . In September 1961 he won the direct mandate in the constituency of Hagen and entered the Bundestag. From 1963 to 1964 he was again Lord Mayor of Hagen. In the 1965 Bundestag elections , he received the direct mandate again and remained Member of the Bundestag until his death .
Steinhoff's grave is in the main cemetery in Iserlohn .
Honors
In 1967 the city of Hagen granted Steinhoff honorary citizenship . In 1975 the first comprehensive school in Hagen was named after Fritz Steinhoff and in 1989 a memorial was inaugurated in his honor. The city of Unna has been commemorating his work since 2007 with the Fritz-Steinhoff-Weg in the Massen district.
See also
Cabinet Arnold I - Cabinet Steinhoff
literature
- Sebastian Hösel: Fritz Steinhoff (1897-1969). From miner to prime minister - sketch of a political biography. In: Geschichte im Westen 19 (2004), pp. 117–126.
- Jörg Engelbrecht: Fritz Steinhoff (1897–1969). In: Sven Gösmann (ed.): Our Prime Ministers in North Rhine-Westphalia. Düsseldorf 2008, pp. 70-97.
- Siegfried Mielke (Ed.) With the collaboration of Marion Goers, Stefan Heinz , Matthias Oden, Sebastian Bödecker: Unique - Lecturers, students and representatives of the German University of Politics (1920-1933) in the resistance against National Socialism. Lukas-Verlag, Berlin 2008, ISBN 978-3-86732-032-0 , pp. 223-227 (short biography).
Web links
- Online biography of Fritz Steinhoff
- Fritz Steinhoff at the state parliament of North Rhine-Westphalia
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b As a stoker he shoveled coal on a torpedo boat; After the end of the war, this transported mail and supplies to the German warships interned in Scapa Flow . Source: Wolfgang Bierbach (2004): Biography
- ↑ Chronology
Rudolf Amelunxen (1946–1947) | Karl Arnold (1947–1956) | Fritz Steinhoff (1956–1958) | Franz Meyers (1958–1966) | Heinz Kühn (1966–1978) | Johannes Rau (1978–1998) | Wolfgang Clement (1998-2002) | Peer Steinbrück (2002–2005) | Jürgen Rüttgers (2005–2010) | Hannelore Kraft (2010–2017) | Armin Laschet (since 2017)
Hugo Paul (1946–1948) | Ernst Gnoss (1948–1949) | Fritz Steinhoff (1949–1950) | Otto Schmidt (1950–1953) | Willi Weyer (1954–1956) | Fritz Kaßmann (1956–1958) | Peter Erkens (1958–1962) | Joseph Blank (1962–1963) | Joseph Paul Franken (1963–1966) | Franz Berding (1966) | Hermann Kohlhase (1966–1970) | Christoph Zöpel (1980–1990) | Ilse Brusis (1990-1995) | Michael Vesper (1995-2005) | Oliver Wittke (2005-2009) | Lutz Lienenkämper (2009–2010) | Harry Voigtsberger (2010–2012) | Michael Groschek (2012–2017) | Ina Scharrenbach (since 2017)
Fritz Henßler (1946–1953) | Fritz Steinhoff (1953–1956) | Emil Groß (1956–1958) | Fritz Steinhoff (1958–1961) | Fritz Kaßmann (1961–1962) | Heinz Kühn (1962–1967) | Johannes Rau (1967–1970) | Fritz Kaßmann (1970–1975) | Dieter Haak (1975–1980) | Karl Josef Denzer (1980–1985) | Friedhelm Farthmann (1985–1995) | Klaus Matthiesen (1995–1998) | Manfred Dammeyer (1998-2000) | Edgar Moron (2000-2005) | Hannelore Kraft (2005–2010) | Norbert Römer (2010–2018) | Thomas Kutschaty (since 2018)
Fritz Henßler (1946–1953) | Fritz Steinhoff (1954–1965) | Werner Figgen (1965–1974) | Hermann Heinemann (1974–1992) | Franz Müntefering (1992–1998) | Joachim Poß (1998–2001) | Norbert Römer (2002–2018) | Marc Herter (since 2018)
Peter Matthias Wülfingh (acting) | Heinrich Wilhelm Emminghaus | Heinrich Caspar Hiltrop | Johann Caspar Hücking | Heinrich Arnold Wülfingh | Peter Matthias Jule | Carl Ludwig Christian Dahlenkamp | Wilhelm Möllenhoff | F. Pütter | JH will | Friedrich Wilhelm Kämper | Johann Peter Aubel | Friedrich Wilhelm Kämper | Ferdinand Elbers | Johann Diedrich Friedrich Schmidt | Friedrich Dödter | August Prentzel | Willi Cuno | Alfred Finke | Cuno Raabe | Heinrich Vetter | Werner Dönneweg (acting) | Ewald Sasse | Fritz Steinhoff | Helmut Turck | Fritz Steinhoff | Lothar Wrede | Rudolf Loskand | Renate Löchter | Dietmar Thieser | Wilfried Horn | Peter Demnitz | Jörg Dehm | Erik O. Schulz
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Steinhoff, Fritz |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | German politician, Member of the Bundestag, Member of the Bundestag, Prime Minister |
| DATE OF BIRTH | November 23, 1897 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Wickede |
| DATE OF DEATH | October 22, 1969 |
| Place of death | Hagen |