Büscherheide
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Büscherheide
Bad Essen municipality
Coordinates: 52 ° 16 ′ 47 " N , 8 ° 27 ′ 29" E
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| Height : | 160 m above sea level NN | |
| Area : | 1.09 km² | |
| Residents : | 200 (1978) | |
| Population density : | 183 inhabitants / km² | |
| Incorporation : | July 1, 1972 | |
| Postal code : | 32361 | |
| Area code : | 05742 | |
Location of Büscherheide in Lower Saxony |
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 View of Büscherheide from the Großer Kellenberg
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Büscherheide is a district of Bad Essen in the Osnabrück district, a small village at the western end of the Eggetal in the Wiehen Mountains . The historical form of settlement corresponds to a hubbub . At an altitude of between 133 m above sea level. NN (in the Glanebach valley) and 215 m above sea level. NN (arable land in the north) it is one of the highest mountain villages in this mountain range . Nowhere else is there any agricultural land north of the Wiehengebirgshauptkamm above the 200 m height line.
geography
Büscherheide lies at the highest point of the Eggetal on a threshold consisting of ice age soil layers, which today forms the watershed between the Büscherheider Glanebach and the Börninghauser Mühlenbach. Through their clearing effect, both streams have significantly influenced the current landscape of the Eggetal over the course of millennia, with the Mühlenbach clearing the Eggetal to the east and the Glanebach to the west. As a result, the landscape around Büscherheide is still the most original. Büscherheide is divided into spatially separate settlements: Old Büscherheide in the center, the new Büscherheider Ring development in the west and the Wildenberg farmers' community in the far south of the open space. In the south of the further village corridor, in the Wiehen Mountains, lies the Green Lake, the largest natural lake with the highest waterfall in the Wiehen Mountains east of the Hunte .
Corridors and gardens (including Wildenberg), not including the surrounding forest, cover an area of 123 hectares.
Büscherheide drains on the one hand to the east over the Eggetal and the Mühlenbach in the Große Aue , on the other hand over the Glanebach into the Hunte to the west. The watershed between the catchment areas of these two river systems runs relatively centrally from northwest to southeast, precisely through Alt-Büscherheide and hydrologically divides the area into two almost equal parts.
history
In contrast to the lower part of the Eggetal, no prehistoric finds are known in the Büscherheide area. They are also not to be expected, since according to the findings of settlement research, the village is a cleared settlement with battlefields, which is said to have hardly been built before the 14th century.
Documented that was peasantry Büscherheide first time in 1464 as bosses Heide mentioned in the Osnabrücker historical sources. The name, in turn, was derived from two courtyards that were called Bossehöfe . Overall, the Büscherheide was a late clearing settlement of the hamlet type with initially only two farms. In addition to the aforementioned farms, some Kötter in Büscherheide were later settled by the von dem Busse family , so that in 1565 there were two full heirs and six Kötter. In 1772 the village had 8 farms and in 1821 there were 19 “fireplaces” (households) and 94 residents. In 1858 there were 18 residential buildings with 86 residents. Büscherheide belonged to the Principality of Osnabrück for centuries. Offices were formed within the prince-bishopric, Büscherheide was part of the Wittlage office. Together with the prince-bishopric it later came under changing rulers. Until the regional reform in 1972, Büscherheide was the smallest municipality in the Wittlage district . After that, the districts in the area of the former prince-bishopric were combined to form the new greater district of Osnabrück. Since then, the district of Osnabrück (with the exception of the Dümmer area, the southern exclave Amt Reckenberg and today's urban district of Osnabrück) has almost exactly covered the area of the former duchy. The centuries-old border lines of the old prince-bishopric today also form the demarcation between the federal states of Lower Saxony and North Rhine-Westphalia over a 102 km long section .
Disagreements regarding the affiliation of the settlement already existed in earlier times: The Principality of Osnabrück considered Büscherheide to belong to the Diocese of Osnabrück, while Börninghausen-Eininghausen, as the remaining villages in the Eggetal, belonged to the County of Ravensberg. However, there was no defined boundary between the locations. It was not until 1557 that a border treaty was concluded that was supposed to resolve the centuries-old border disputes and create clear borders and territorial relationships. On October 22nd, 1557, the councilors and ordinaries of both territories appeared in Büscherheide. A comparison was made. The larger part of Büscherheide with the Bossehöfen and the Köttern was added to the Prince Diocese of Osnabrück and a smaller part of the County of Ravensberg and then the boundary stones were set. Büscherheide was divided at that time, with the eastern part of Ravensberg coming to Eininghausen. From a church perspective, Büscherheide belonged to the parish of Börninghausen until 1821. Then it was parish to Barkhausen until 1895 and then to Börninghausen up to the present day.
Population development
- 1821 94 inhabitants
- 1858 86 inhabitants
- 1885 82 inhabitants
- 1905 104 inhabitants
- 1925 116 inhabitants
- 1933 108 inhabitants
- 1939 129 inhabitants
- 1950 206 inhabitants
- 1961 191 inhabitants
- 1970 215 inhabitants
- 1972 158 citizens entitled to vote
- 1978 over 200 inhabitants
Political and administrative affiliation
Büscherheide with its 127 inhabitants entitled to vote, who are spread over an area of - not counting the surrounding forest - around 110 hectares, forms its own electoral district (No. 0005) and a separate land register district (No. 4429).
The actual Büscherheide, i.e. the former municipality, belongs politically to the municipality of Bad Essen and the district of Osnabrück ( Lower Saxony ), although it is naturally separated from the rest of the municipality by a several kilometers wide forest belt and the settlement of Börninghausen , a sub-center of the Eggetal, is much closer lies. Efforts by parts of the population to join North Rhine-Westphalia have so far not had any decisive effects. In 1972 the action committee Citizens' Initiative Büscherheide “Büscherheide wants to Börninghausen” was formed . The small farming community of Wildenberg , located in the south of the open space, is generally also included in Büscherheide, but politically belongs to the city of Melle and thus also to Lower Saxony. Büscherheide-Wildenberg was always included in the reclassification efforts described, as the residents face the same dilemma. Here, too, the Wiehengebirge separates direct access to the corresponding administrative center. A very small part of Büscherheide is already in North Rhine-Westphalia: these are the houses that are immediately east of Bergstrasse, i.e. the state border. As described, these were added to the County of Ravensberg in 1557, which later became part of the Prussian province of Westphalia. The reorganization efforts were ultimately also about the reunification of the village.
Büscherheide is therefore a functional enclave on a regional level as is the Kleinwalsertal on a national level . Despite this political affiliation, facts were created, not least by the citizens. From a postal point of view, the village belongs to Preußisch Oldendorf ( zip code , telephone code ) , people go to church in Börninghausen , the children go to school there and the garbage collection is also coordinated by Preußisch Oldendorf. The voluntary fire brigade in the Westphalian town of Börninghausen has even been responsible for fire protection since a request for administrative assistance from the municipality of Bad Essen , which is actually responsible. Many Büscherheiders have long been members of the Börninghausen fire extinguishing group . The Büscherheider also finds his final resting place in the Börninghausen cemetery.
Probably because of their peripheral location, many companies are now closed or have mostly moved to the eastern neighborhood.
The border situation recently came back on the agenda as part of the Non-Smoking Protection Act, as the stricter and more recently introduced Lower Saxony law was binding for the only restaurant in the village, which is only a few meters east of the border.
Efforts towards administrative reclassification
On July 1, 1972, the municipality of Büscherheide was incorporated into the municipality of Bad Essen. In 1972, the year the citizens' initiative was founded, a signature campaign was carried out, after which 150 of the 158 citizens entitled to vote, or 95 percent, signed their will to be incorporated into Börninghausen. At the same time, Heinrich Niewerth , a member of the state parliament, was able to represent the state of affairs in relation to the state of Lower Saxony. Over the years, the citizens' initiative has raised the public awareness of the Büscherheide issue through numerous letters to the state governments and members of state parliaments and the Bundestag and the involvement of regional and supraregional media. Reactions from the Lower Saxon community of Bad Essen showed that the citizens' initiative was gnawing at the nerves: The statement of the Bad Essen Council is documented: "May 1974 only bring us that we can get rid of the Büscherheide appendix!" 1972 was the disaffection of the Büscherheide citizens so big that the Ministry of the Interior in Hanover was informed that the Büscherheider will boycott the elections in the future. It was even considered that all citizens will register their primary residence (with friends) in the Westphalian part of the Eggetal - this change of registration of all citizens would indeed have been a unique novelty and curiosity: a municipality without citizens! On August 29, 1980, the matter was presented to the then Prime Minister Johannes Rau during a visit to the city of Preußisch Oldendorf . On August 13, 1983, the matter was brought before the Petitions Committee of the German Bundestag . Overall, however, the politicians in charge only made vague statements and put off a future reorganization of the federal territory. Decisions in favor of the Büscherheid population were not taken. The problem was echoed on television at WDR in 1983 and then again on September 20, 1986. Surprisingly, after research by the editorial staff of the WDR, the statement was made that it was doubtful whether the majority of Büscherheiders still wanted the connection at all. It turned out that 20 years of unsuccessful struggle had partially led to resignation and combat fatigue. Today, a change of area is no longer on the agenda and Lower Saxony flags hoisted in some Büscherheid gardens testify to a developing sense of belonging to the state of Lower Saxony. However, there is still no proof that maintaining the status quo is in line with the majority will today. After 20 years of struggle to move to the other side of the border, the Büscherheider surrendered to their fate and remained what they have been for centuries: border crossers.
Recently, a possible reallocation of the area in spring 2017 was brought up by the state parliament member Ernst-Wilhelm Rahe . During a technical discussion on the Child Education Act, he recommended that Büscherheidern, who have no legal right to places in day-care centers for their children in the Westphalian Eggetal, that they should start an initiative to join North Rhine-Westphalia.
economy
Agriculture, formerly a dominant branch of the economy in this scattered settlement, is only of incidental importance today. At present there is only one full-time business with Hof Wilhelm Meyer , other farms are still doing business as a secondary or additional business. Most of the courtyards are single; only in Alt-Büscherheide is there a certain concentration of farms. The focus of agriculture is on pig fattening. In addition, the sale of Christmas trees / fir green has a certain importance.
There is also a master car workshop in Büscherheide. Until the 1980s there was still a PAM filling station in Büscherheide .
A large lemonade factory has its roots in Büscherheide : In 1927 the farmer Karl Heemann opened a refreshment bar at a spring below the village. From these rather modest beginnings , one of the largest mineral fountains in Germany developed over time, especially under the direction of the company's founder's son, Ernst Heemann . With around 20 employees, the company produced non-alcoholic soft drinks and pumped mountain water from a well. In the 1970s, the company was by far the largest employer in Büscherheide and the village was dominated by a sizeable fleet of trucks. In 1977 the company surprisingly moved its headquarters to Löhne in Westphalia . This move is said to have been in direct connection with Büscherheide's administrative affiliation to Bad Essen in Lower Saxony (trade tax). In Westphalia, the soda manufacturer was given more favorable terms. This fact fueled the population's displeasure about political affiliation with Lower Saxony. The move of the company was not very effective, because the company was taken over by Nord Getränke GmbH ; the traditional name Büscherheid only survived in the new name of Hansa-Heemann .
Attractions
- In the forest area of the Egge, northwest of Büscherheide, are the sources of the aviators .
- In the northeast, in the Westphalian part of Büscherheide, is the Wiehenturm .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer GmbH, Stuttgart and Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 260 .
- ↑ Manfred Beermann: Büscherheide wants to go to Börninghausen . In: Heimat- und Verkehrsverein Börninghausen-Eininghausen e. V. (Ed.): Our home. The Eggetal. Preußisch Oldendorf, 1993, pp. 154-161.
- ↑ [1]
Bad food | Barkhausen | Brockhausen | Büscherheide | Dahlinghausen | Eielstädt | Harpenfeld | Heithöfen | Hördinghausen | Hüsede | Linne | Lintorf | Lockhausen | Rabber | Wehrendorf | Wimmer | Wittlage