Terwingen

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The Terwingen ("forest dwellers") were part of the East Germanic Goths . They settled at the end of the 3rd century until the appearance of the Huns in Europe in 375 in an area called Gutþiuda north of the lower Danube . Both the small goths and the Visigoths , the later Visigoths , emerged from them.

After the separation of the Goths in Terwingen and Greutungen , who lived east of the Dnestr , the Terwingen settled at the end of the 3rd century - after Emperor Aurelian gave up the province of Dacia - in the area called Gutþiuda (Latin Gothia ) north of the lower Danube. As residents directly adjacent to the empire, the Terwingen were repeatedly involved in military conflicts with the Romans. With the invasion of the Huns in 375, the Terwingen split into different groups, most of which left Gutþiuda. A part of the Terwingen settled as Visigothen, safe from Huns raids, on eastern Roman soil. During the late ancient migration period , as the Visigoths (later Visigoths) they formed their own empire on the soil of the former Western Roman Empire , which perished in the aftermath of the Battle of the Río Guadalete in 711.

The Terwingen also referred to themselves as Visi , "the good, noble ones", but as free settlers in the Barbaricum they differed greatly from the Visigoths, who only emerged in their own ethnogenesis after 376 in the Eastern Roman Empire and appear in the sources. The Imperial Visigoths were already mistakenly interpreted as Visigoths in the Getica des Jordanes .

Remarks

  1. ↑ Herwig Wolfram : The Goths. From the beginning to the middle of the sixth century. Draft of a historical ethnography . 4th edition, Munich 2001, p. 35 with reference to a different etymology in note 10; on naming cf. also Barbara Scardigli:  Greutungen. In: Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde (RGA). 2nd Edition. Volume 13, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 1999, ISBN 3-11-016315-2 , pp. 18-23. ( available for a fee via GAO , De Gruyter Online)
  2. ↑ The Terwingen are mentioned in the sources for the first time in the year 291: cf. Panegyrici Latini XI [III], 17, 1
  3. ↑ See Horst Callies :  Dakien. In: Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde (RGA). 2nd Edition. Volume 5, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 1984, ISBN 3-11-009635-8 , pp. 185–189. ( Retrieved for a fee from GAO , De Gruyter Online)
  4. ↑ On the expansion of the Gutþiuda cf. Herwig Wolfram : The Goths. From the beginning to the middle of the sixth century. Draft of a historical ethnography . 4th edition, Munich 2001, pp. 100-102.
  5. ↑ See Bodo Anke, Walter Pohl :  Hunnen. In: Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde (RGA). 2nd Edition. Volume 15, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2000, ISBN 3-11-016649-6 , pp. 246-261. ( available for a fee via GAO , De Gruyter Online)
  6. ↑ See Peter J. Heather : The Creation of the Visigoths . In: Peter J. Heather (Ed.): The Visigoths from the Migration Period to the Seventh Century. An Ethnographic Perspective . 1999, pp. 43-73; see. Peter J. Heather, John Matthews: The Goths in the Fourth Century . Liverpool 1991.
  7. ↑ See Jordanes , Getica 82.
  8. ↑ In German historical research, the misnomer "Visigoths" continues for the Visigoths to this day, whereas the name "Visigoths" is used internationally.

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