Miguel Primo de Rivera

Miguel Primo de Rivera

Primo de Rivera (right) and King Alfonso XIII. in March 1930

Miguel Primo de Rivera y Orbaneja, Marqués de Estella (born January 8, 1870 in Jerez de la Frontera , † March 16, 1930 in Paris ) was a Spanish general and dictator from 1923 to 1930 . Primo de Rivera was responsible for the widespread gassing of the rebellious Rif Kabyle and civilian population around Al Hoceïma during the colonial Rif War .

Life

Miguel Primo de Rivera was trained at the Military Academy in Madrid. He gained military fame especially from 1895 to 1913 in the fighting in the former Spanish colonies of Cuba , the Philippines and Spanish Morocco . During his time in Morocco he criticized the government policy in the colony, which led to his multiple dismissals and reinstatement. In 1922 and 1923 he was Captain General of Catalonia , where his actions against the insurgents earned him the resentment of the population.

In consultation with King Alfonso XIII. On September 13, 1923, he established a military dictatorship that lasted more than six years to end the repeated state crises. Initially, he set up a purely military directorate as a government, to which civilians were also accepted from 1925, while Primo de Rivera assumed the title of "Prime Minister" after this restructuring. Primo de Rivera emphasized from the beginning that the dictatorship should be temporary. After initial successes such as the decisive victory over the rebels in Morocco at Alhucemas and a certain economic upturn, Primo de Rivera had to resign on January 28, 1930 in order to avoid unrest and uprisings.

Having suffered from diabetes for years, he died of it shortly afterwards in Paris. On April 14, 1931, after a Republican victory in local elections, the Second Spanish Republic was proclaimed.

children

Miguel Primo de Rivera's children José Antonio (1903–1936) and Pilar (1907–1991) founded the Spanish fascist movement Falange in 1933 , which in 1937 entered into a political alliance with the dictator Franco , a companion of their father's.

literature

• Frank Peter Geinitz: The Falange Española and its founder José Antonio Primo de Rivera (1903-1936) - in the context of coping with the past of the Second Spanish Republic (1931-1939) . Diss., University of Munich, 2007.

Web links

Commons : Miguel Primo de Rivera  - Collection of Images, Videos and Audio Files

• Literature by and about Miguel Primo de Rivera in the catalog of the German National Library
• Newspaper article about Miguel Primo de Rivera in the 20th century press kit of the ZBW - Leibniz Information Center for Economics .

predecessor	Office	successor
Manuel García Prieto	Prime Minister of Spain 1923 - 1930	Dámaso Berenguer Fusté