Cincinnati

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Cincinnati
Nickname : The Queen City
Cincinnati (viewpoint: Covington / Kentucky)
Cincinnati (viewpoint: Covington / Kentucky)
Seal of Cincinnati
seal 		Flag of Cincinnati
flag
Location in Ohio
Location in the United States
Basic data
Foundation : 1788
State : United States
State : Ohio
County : Hamilton County
Coordinates : 39 ° 8 ′  N , 84 ° 30 ′  W Coordinates: 39 ° 8 ′  N , 84 ° 30 ′  W
Time zone : Eastern ( UTC − 5 / −4 )
Inhabitants :
-  Metropolitan Area :		 298,800 (as of 2016)
2,165,139 (as of 2016)
Population density : 1,479.2 inhabitants per km 2
Area : 206.1 km 2  (approx. 80 mi 2 ) of
which 202.0 km 2  (approx. 78 mi 2 ) are land
Height : 147 m
Postcodes : 45201-45999
Area code : +1 513
FIPS : 39-15000
GNIS ID : 1066650
Website : www.cincinnati-oh.gov
Mayor : John Cranley ( D )

Cincinnati [ ˌsɪnsɪˈnætɪ ] (German-speaking outdated Zinzinnati ) in the US state of Ohio is one of the most important trading and manufacturing cities in the United States , known as the "Queen of the West". It is the administrative seat of Hamilton County . At the 2010 census it had 296,943 inhabitants. The greater Cincinnati area extends into the neighboring states of Kentucky and Indiana and has a population of nearly two million.

geography

Cincinnati is located in the state triangle of Ohio, Indiana and Kentucky on the right bank of the here 600 m wide Ohio River on two terraces (16 and 33 m above the highest water level), the upper one of which rises gradually to the Auburn Hill and other hills, the, of country houses and vineyards, enclose the city in a large semicircle and reach a height of 142 m. The Mill Creek crosses the 201.9 square kilometers comprehensive urban area, of which 4.1 km² of water eliminated.

climate

Cincinnati, Ohio
Climate diagram
J F. M. A. M. J J A. S. O N D.
 
 
66
 
3
-7
 
 
68
 
5
-5
 
 
108
 
12
1
 
 
95
 
18th
6th
 
 
109
 
23
11
 
 
98
 
28
16
 
 
108
 
30th
18th
 
 
85
 
29
17th
 
 
73
 
26th
14th
 
 
73
 
19th
7th
 
 
88
 
12
2
 
 
80
 
5
-4
Temperature in ° C ,  precipitation in mm
Source: National Weather Service, US Dept of Commerce
Monthly average temperatures and rainfall for Cincinnati, Ohio
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Max. Temperature ( ° C ) 2.6 4.9 11.7 17.9 23.3 27.8 29.7 28.9 25.5 18.9 11.8 5.3 O 17.4
Min. Temperature (° C) −6.9 −5.2 0.6 5.7 11.0 15.6 18.2 17.2 13.7 6.8 1.8 −3.7 O 6.3
Precipitation ( mm ) 65.8 68.3 107.7 95.3 108.7 97.5 107.7 85.1 73.2 72.6 87.9 80.0 Σ 1,049.8
Rainy days ( d ) 8.1 8.1 10.6 10.0 9.7 8.2 8.6 7.6 6.9 6.8 8.8 9.3 Σ 102.7
T
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
2.6
−6.9
4.9
−5.2
11.7
0.6
17.9
5.7
23.3
11.0
27.8
15.6
29.7
18.2
28.9
17.2
25.5
13.7
18.9
6.8
11.8
1.8
5.3
−3.7
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
N
i
e
d
e
r
s
c
h
l
a
g 		65.8
68.3
107.7
95.3
108.7
97.5
107.7
85.1
73.2
72.6
87.9
80.0
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

City structure

The Cincinnati Middletown Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) includes Hamilton, Butler, Warren, Clermont, and Brown as counties of Ohio; Kentucky includes Boone, Bracken, Campbell, Gallatin, Grant, Kenton, and Pendleton; Indiana is heading to Dearborn, Franklin, and Ohio of the region with over two million inhabitants. Cincinnati itself is divided into almost 60 neighborhoods. These often developed very strong independent characters.

  • District One: Downtown, Mount Adams, West End, Over-the-Rhine (strongly influenced by German), Pendleton, Queensgate, Mulberry
  • District Two: Evanston, East Walnut Hills, O'Bryanville, Oakley, Hyde Park, Mount Lookout, Kennedy Heights, Pleasant Ridge, Madisonville, East End, Linwood, Mount Washington, California, Columbia-Tusculum
  • District Three: Sayler Park, Riverside, West Price Hill, Millvale, English Woods, East Price Hill, West Price Hill, Westwood, South Cumminsville, Faye Apartments, East Westwood, Sedamsville, Lower Price Hill, North Fairmount, South Fairmount
  • District Four: Corryville, Carthage, Hartwell, Walnut Hills, Paddock Hills, North Avondale, Bond Hill, Roselawn, Avondale , Mount Auburn, Floating
  • District Five: Spring Grove Village, Northside, Mount Airy, Winton Terrace, Findlater Gardens, Silver Oak, Clifton with Clifton's Gaslight District, Camp Washington, College Hill, The Heights (Clifton Heights, University Heights, Fairview)

history

Miami and Erie Canal in Cincinnati, 1914

Cincinnati was founded in 1788 as one of the first permanent settlements in what was then the Northwest Territory on the site of the former Fort Washington under the name Losantiville. The first settlers were emigrants from New England and New Jersey .

The current name of the settlement is derived from the Society of the Cincinnati , founded by many German mercenary officers in 1783 , of which George Washington was a member and first president ; the war veterans chose the name in memory of Lucius Quinctius Cincinnatus (519-430 BC), an exemplary military leader of ancient Rome .

In 1814 the place received an urban constitution. During the slavery and civil war , Cincinnati was an important transit station for the underground railroad movement, which had set itself the goal of enabling "fugitive" slaves to enter Canada .

Since the opening of the Miami and Erie Canal (1830) and the construction of railroads (1840), the population grew rapidly to 115,436 inhabitants by 1850.

Since 1850, a large number of immigrants from northwest Germany came to Cincinnati, which can still be recognized from the family names. In 1880 the city had more than 255,000 inhabitants, of which over 112,000 (44%) were first and second generation German-Americans. In the early 20th century, the city had a German population of 60%. The German-speaking immigrants are assigned great importance for the economic development of the city.

The former German immigrant district Over-the-Rhine was considered a problem area of ​​the city at the beginning of the 21st century and, according to press reports, was even referred to as “America's most dangerous neighborhood” between 2005 and 2007. Hundreds of millions of dollars have been invested in revitalization projects since 2004 and Over-the-Rhine was experiencing a renaissance. Today Over-the-Rhine is one of the most sought-after residential areas in the city.

Demographics

According to the 2010 census, the population was 48.1 percent white and 44.8 percent African American; 1.8 percent were of Asian origin. 2.8 percent of the population were Hispanics . The median income per household was 2,015 at 33,604 US dollars . 30.5 percent of the population lived below the poverty line. The poverty rate in Cincinnati is one of the highest among major American cities. Due to the steady migration to the suburbs, the urban area has lost over 40 percent of its inhabitants since 1960.

Population development
year 1810 1850 1870 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
Residents 2,540 115,435 216.239 325.902 363,591 401.247 451.160 455.610 503.998 502,550 452.524 385.457 364.114 331.285 296.943

1980 to 2010: census results. 1810 to 1970: physics.bu.edu.

religion

Cincinnati is the seat of the Anglican Diocese of South Ohio with the Christ Church Cathedral and the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Cincinnati with the Cathedral of St. Peter in chains .

Economy and Infrastructure

The metropolitan area of ​​Cincinnati generated a gross domestic product of 132.0 billion US dollars in 2016, making it 28th among the metropolitan areas of the United States. The unemployment rate in the metropolitan region was 3.6 percent and was thus below the national average of 3.8 percent (as of March 2018).

Companies

Among other things, the companies General Electric with their center for aircraft propulsion , Procter & Gamble , which were founded in Cincinnati in 1837, as well as numerous large national companies such as Kroger , Fifth Third Bank , Macy’s and Chiquita Brands International are based here.

traffic

  • Local public transport is operated by bus lines from two transport companies.
  • In 2016, a tram line, the Cincinnati Bell Connector , opened between the city center and the Over-the-Rhine district . The route is 5.8 km long and has 18 stops. The operating company is Transdev . The tunnels of an unfinished subway , the Cincinnati Subway , have been beneath the city center since the 1920s .
  • The train Cardinal of the railway company Amtrak connects the city three times a week with Chicago and New York City via Washington, DC and Philadelphia .
  • The city ​​is connected to the US highway network via numerous interstates , including Interstate 71 , Interstate 74 and Interstate 75 .
  • The Cincinnati airport (Engl. Cincinnati / Northern Kentucky International Airport , ICAO KCVG, IATA airport code : CVG) is founded in 1947, international airport of the city, but is beyond the border of the State of Ohio in Hebron, Boone County , Kentucky , about 15 km southwest of the city.

education

The University of Cincinnati has a considerable collection of writings that are important for German-American relations, especially for the history of immigration from Germany to Cincinnati. ( Ref : Tolzmann)

Culture and sights

Museums

Cincinnati has a number of museums that are devoted to a wide variety of topics. The Cincinnati Museum Center at Union Terminal has established itself in the city's main train station , with theaters and a library as well as the Cincinnati History Museum , the Natural History & Science Museum and the Duke Energy Children's Museum . The German Heritage Museum is dedicated to immigrants of German origin, the American Classical Music Hall of Fame and Museum focuses on classical music tradition , neon signs are collected in the American Sign Museum and the Cincinnati Reds Hall of Fame and Museum shows the history of the local baseball team, the Cincinnati Reds . In addition, the Harriet Beecher Stowe House is a memorial dedicated to the writer Harriet Beecher Stowe in her former home. Similarly, the William Howard Taft National Historic Site set up in the house where William Howard Taft was born commemorates the former US President. The Taft Museum of Art goes back to his half-brother Charles Phelps Taft , in which an important art collection with works by European painters such as Rembrandt van Rijn , JMW Turner and Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot can be seen. The city's largest art museum is the Cincinnati Art Museum with extensive collections from ancient times to the present from various regions of the world. The Contemporary Arts Center , the construction of which was designed by Zaha Hadid , also shows modern art .

Oktoberfest

The Oktoberfest in Cincinnati is the largest in the whole of the USA and probably the most noticeable expression of German-American culture.

zoo

The Cincinnati Zoo and Botanical Garden , founded in 1875, is the second oldest zoo in the United States. It extends over around 26 hectares in the center of the city. In May 2016, the zoo made negative headlines when a four-year-old boy got into the gorilla enclosure and Gorilla Harambe was killed to protect the boy. In January 2017, the hippo Fiona was born in the zoo and gained worldwide popularity from August 2017 through videos on Facebook .

Buildings

John A. Roebling suspension bridge at night

Sports

Cincinnati is home to the Cincinnati Bengals ( American Football , NFL ), the Cincinnati Reds ( baseball , MLB ), the Cincinnati Cyclones ( ice hockey , ECHL ) and Cincinnati FC ( soccer , MLS ), founded in 2015 . On July 16, 2016, 35,061 people attended a friendly game between Cincinnati FC and the English Premier League club Crystal Palace , which meant the highest attendance at a football game in the US state of Ohio. In addition, the Western & Southern Open , an ATP tennis tournament and WTA tennis tournament at the same time, takes place in Cincinnati every year . In the 1970s, the Cincinnati Stingers played a team in the World Hockey Association .

Others

Town twinning

Cincinnati has eight twin cities:

  • China People's RepublicPeople's Republic of China Liuzhou , People's Republic of China (since 1988)
  • JapanJapan Gifu , Japan (since 1988)
  • UkraineUkraine Kharkiv , Ukraine (since 1989)
  • GermanyGermany Munich , Germany (since 1989)
  • ZimbabweZimbabwe Harare , Zimbabwe (since 1990)
  • FranceFrance Nancy , France (since 1991)
  • TaiwanRepublic of China (Taiwan) New Taipei , Republic of China (Taiwan) (since 1994)
  • IndiaIndia Mysore , India (since 2012)

sons and daughters of the town

literature

  • Robert Fuchs: Marriage abroad. German-American in Cincinnati in the late 19th century , Ferdinand Schöningh, Paderborn 2014. ISBN 978-3-506-77857-4
  • Helmut Schmahl: Bavarian and German immigrants in Cincinnati / Ohio in the 19th century . In: Konrad Amann (among others ed.): Bavaria and Europe. Festschrift for Peter Claus Hartmann on the occasion of his 65th birthday. Frankfurt am Main (et al.) 2005, pp. 305-320.
  • Don Heinrich Tolzmann: The German Amerikana Collection at the University of Cincinnati. In: Stuttgart works on German studies , No. 423. Stuttgart: Hans-Dieter Heinz 2004 [2005], pp. 447–458, ISBN 3-88099-428-5
  • Rainer Vollmar: Cincinnati River Metro in the heartland. A biography of the city from 1788–2000 . Frankfurt am Main, London 2005, 410 pp. ISBN 3-88939-779-4

Web links

Commons : Cincinnati  - collection of pictures, videos, and audio files
Wikivoyage: Cincinnati  Travel Guide

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Review by Jens Gründler on R. Fuchs: Marriage in the foreign. German-Americans in Cincinnati in the late 19th century , Paderborn 2014, in: H-Soz-Kult , November 11, 2014 ( online ).
  2. ^ Vollmar: Cincinnati-River Metro in the heartland. A city biography from 1788–2000 with German contributions to urban life. Frankfurt a. Main, London 2005, 410 pp. ISBN 3-88939-779-4 (IKO publishing house for intercultural communication)
  3. ^ Cincinnati: Our German History ( Memento December 7, 2009 in the Internet Archive )
  4. ↑ German-Americans put Zinzinnati to work in the 1800s, and helped build the region into a shining commerce center. ( Memento from May 30, 2012 in the Internet Archive )
  5. ^ Over-the-Rhine Most Dangerous Neighborhood in US , American Renaissance
  6. ^ Cincinnati's Over-the-Rhine neighborhood makes an amazing comeback , Cleveland.com
  7. ↑ US Census Bureau: American FactFinder - Community Facts. Archived from the original on September 14, 2017 ; accessed on November 8, 2017 .
  8. ^ US Department of Commerce, BEA, Bureau of Economic Analysis: Bureau of Economic Analysis. Retrieved July 4, 2018 (American English).
  9. ^ Cincinnati-Middletown, OH-KY-IN Economy at a Glance. Retrieved July 5, 2018 .
  10. ↑ https://www.constructioncayola.com/rail/article/2015/07/13/101033/transdev-contrat-gagne-cincinnati
  11. ^ History, Mission and Vision. Cincinnati Zoo, accessed June 25, 2018 .
  12. Jump up ↑ Gorilla shot: Zoo defends Harambe's killing. In: Spiegel Online . May 31, 2016, accessed June 25, 2018 .
  13. ↑ Rachel Syme: Hooray for Fiona the Hippo, Our Bundle of Social-Media Joy. The New York Times , November 25, 2017, accessed June 25, 2018 .
  14. ^ Reports of the Leopoldinen Foundation in Kaiserthume Oesterreich, in support of the Catholic Missions in America , Volume 5, 1831 ( online , accessed December 7, 2015.)
  15. ^ Cincinnati USA Sister City Association