Hielle & Dittrich

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Shareholder of the former company "Hielle & Dittrich" Schönlinde
Villa "Hirsch" of the Dittrich family and company headquarters of "Hielle & Dittrich" until 1945
Old view of Żyrardów (before 1900)
Old shares of the Zyrardower Manufacturen Hielle & Dittrich
Old spinning mill in Żyrardów

The company Hielle & Dittrich was an important company in the textile industry in Schönlinde ( Krásná Lípa ) in Bohemia and later in Czechoslovakia . The company's history is closely linked to the related families of the Hielle and Dittrich, from which the directors came.

Company history

The company Hielle & Dittrich was founded by Carl Dittrich and Karl Theodor Hielle on January 1st, 1849 as a yarn trading company in Schönlinde with a branch in Mährisch Schönberg ( Šumperk ). In 1857 the owners bought the textile companies (flax spinning, weaving and bleaching) in Żyrardów near Warsaw in what was then Russian Poland from a Warsaw bank , which subsequently traded as "Zyrardower Manufacturen Hielle & Dittrich". At that time, this company operated 3,000 spindles and had around 500 employees. The so-called "old spinning mill" was built from 1826 to 1833 by the French engineer Philippe Henri de Girard , the inventor of the flax spinning machine, in the Żyrardów, which he built and named after him.

The spinning mills were further expanded so that by 1883 the company already had 1900 employees and a turnover of 1 million rubles. The company empire also included the cotton factory in Zduńska Wola near Sieradz in Russian Poland. The textile factories then shaped the face of the city Żyrardów. A complete residential area with now listed brick buildings was built for the employees, in which there were churches, a kindergarten, a school and a hospital. Propaganda by radical left parties led to the first mass strike in Poland in the company in April 1883. After the death of Carl Dittrich the company was taken over by his son Carl Dittrich jr. continued and converted into a stock corporation in 1885. Until 1905, Carl Dittrich Jr. was the CEO of the AG, who held 350 of 600 shares and thus had the majority and decision-making authority. Around 1900 there were around ten thousand employees. The turnover amounted to over 6 million rubles a year. The company had around 40 branches in what was then Russia and Russian Poland. In 1912 the so-called "New Spinning Mill" was built. Large parts of the plant were destroyed in the First World War or were dismantled by the Russians in 1915.

In 1920 the company Hielle & Dittrich still held 30% of the shares in Żyrardówer AG. After the reconstruction in 1923, the company was acquired by the French stock corporation Marcel Boussac, but nationalized in 1936. After the Second World War , the plant was rebuilt and was then a major cotton combine in Poland .

The remaining possessions of Hielle & Dittrich in Bohemia, Moravia, Austria, Italy and Germany were administered from Schönlinde. The works in Czechoslovakia were expropriated in 1945 and continued as the state-owned ELITE Varnsdorf company.

The entrepreneurial families

Hielle family

Karl Theodor Hielle

1. Karl Theodor Hielle (born July 20, 1822 Schönbüchel- Krásný Buk , today part of Krásná Lípa, † March 26, 1871 Berlin) was the co-founder of the yarn trading company Hielle & Dittrich in 1849 in Schönlinde. His parents were the merchant and textile goods manufacturer Wolfgang Hielle (1787–1844) from Schönbüchel and Maria Karolina Veronika, nee. May (1795-1850). Married in 1847 to Mrs. Flora Johanna Hielle (1823–1904), b. May, daughter of Franz Nikolaus May (1791–1872), merchant in Schönlinde.

2. Eduard Josef Hielle (1824–1884), brother of Karl Theodor Hielle, in 1851 co-founder of the Hielle & Wünsche company in Schönbüchel (later in Schönlinde and Rumburg), since 1856 with a branch in Vienna, since 1871 director and weaving manager of the Hielle company & Dittrich in Żyrardów, from 1873 to 1884 partner of the Hielle & Dittrich company, since 1882 director of the Vienna branch of the Hielle & Wünsche company.

3. Wolfgang Hielle (* February 7, 1820 Schönbüchel; † October 30, 1869 Schönbüchel), brother of Karl Theodor Hielle, was a businessman and politician from Bohemia, partner in the company Hielle & Dittrich.

4. Franz Karl Hielle (* July 25, 1848–1891), son of Karl Theodor Hielle, was a businessman and textile industrialist, politician, member of the Reichsrat and Landtag and co-owner of the company Hielle & Wünsche (with around 500 employees in the weaving and twisting mill ) in Schönlinde. He attended a secondary school in Prague and studied at the Dresden Polytechnic . He married Gabriela Wagner from Mährisch Schönberg , where she worked in the subsidiary of the Hielle & Wünsche company. From 1884 he was a member of the Reichenberg Chamber of Commerce, in 1885 he won a mandate in the Bohemian Landtag and from 1887 he sat on the Imperial Council in Vienna as a representative for the cities of Rumburg , Schönlinde, Varnsdorf and Kreibitz . He died of a stroke on November 17, 1891 while staying in Vienna.

5. Eduard Hielle (born January 18, 1850; † June 13, 1895), son of Karl Theodor Hielle, married to Elisabeth Dittrich, daughter of Carl August Dittrich, was a businessman and co-owner of the Hielle & Dittrich company and co-owner of the Hielle company & Wishes. In the years 1885–1887 he had the family villa built on Prager Strasse in Schönlinde by the Dresden architects Lossow & Vieweger in neo -Renaissance style.

6. Karl Wolfgang Hielle (born December 3, 1874 in Schönlinde; † December 5, 1959 in Stuttgart), son of Franz Karl Hielle, graduated from the law faculty of the Karl Ferdinand University (German University) in Prague. He was a member of the Reichenberg Chamber of Commerce and worked in the family company Hielle & Wünsche and in the Regenhart & Raymann company in Freiwaldau , of which Carl Dittrich was the silent partner.

7. Paul Hielle (born April 6, 1878 in Schönlinde; † March 27, 1942 ibid), son of Franz Karl Hielle, was the authorized signatory of the company Hielle & Wünsche in Schönlinde, No. 480. In 1905 he married Marie Helene Römisch. His sons were the entrepreneurs Rolf Karl Adolf Hielle, who founded the ROHI company, and Fritz Hielle, who founded the Hielle & Koch company together with Lothar Koch.

8. Alfred Hielle (* September 21, 1875 in Zyrardów; † July 2, 1949 in Wegscheidel No. 125), son of Eduard Hielle (* 1850), was a co-owner of the Hielle & Dittrich company and motorsport enthusiast, traded with Bugatti Vehicles in cooperation with Kögler and Liebisch in Schönlinde. Participation in road races:

His son was Karl Heinz Hielle. In the 1930s - sale of the Hielle villa.

Dittrich family

Karl August Dittrich
The Tyrolean house in Żyrardów

1. Carl August Dittrich (originally spelled Dietrich) (born September 30, 1819 in Leipzig ; † January 11, 1886 in Schönlinde) was the co-founder of the yarn trading company Hielle & Dittrich in 1849 in Schönlinde. As the son of the innkeeper Johann Georg Dittrich, he began an apprenticeship at the export and import company Carl and Gustav Harkort in Leipzig and made many trips to Austria as a sales representative. The capital saved in the process enabled him to make successful investments. On September 5, 1848 he married Mrs. Theresia Elisabeth Hielle (1825–1912), b. May, the daughter of the businessman Josef May (and cousin of Flora Johanna Hielle, née May) from Schönlinde No. 404. The marriage resulted in five children, the son Carl Dittrich jr. and the three daughters Elisabeth Dittrich (1850–1914), Anna Dittrich (1857–1932) and Johanna (1859–1919) as well as Eduard, who died early. While Carl August Dittrich retained the Protestant denomination, his wife and four children stayed with the Roman Catholic denomination. The Dittrich family lived in the “Hirsch” villa in Schönlinde, which no longer exists. Elisabeth Dittrich married Eduard Hielle, the son of Karl Theodor Hielle. In the years 1867–1871, Carl August Dittrich built a house in the Tyrolean style for his daughter Anna and his son-in-law Louis Marcellin (1850–1889), an Austrian merchant, the so-called “Tyrolean House” in Żyrardów, which they did in the 1880s also inhabited. It is the oldest representative building of Żyrardów, next to the house there is a wooden summer house. The members of the Dittrich family were buried in the grave chapel (mausoleum) in Schönlinde.

2. Gustav Wilhelm Dittrich (born February 6, 1815 in Leipzig; † May 22, 1890 in Dresden), brother of Carl August Dittrich, was a partner in the company in Żyrardów from 1868 to 1879 and head of the plant fire brigade founded in 1867 . His daughter Christiane Friederike Dittrich (1856–1943) was married to Herrmann Louis Curt Späte, their son Herbert Spate (1881–1958) was the last managing partner and authorized signatory of the Hielle & Dittrich company until 1945 in Dresden.

Carl Dittrich Jr.
Villa in Dresden-Loschwitz, formerly Ferdinandstr. 2 - Place of death of Carl Dittrich jr.
Decorative urn in memory of Carl Dittrich jr. in the crypt of the burial chapel in Schönlinde

3. Carl Dittrich Jr. (Born October 3, 1853 in Schönlinde; † April 17, 1918 in Loschwitz near Dresden) was a businessman, social entrepreneur and philanthropist , from 1879 to 1918 partner and until 1899 director of the company Hielle & Dittrich in Żyrardów, one of the most outstanding personalities in the story of Żyrardów. He first received technical training at the Dresden Polytechnic and then an apprenticeship in Nett Ogden's weaving mill in England. While his father was still alive, he took over the management of the Żyrardow factory in the 1880s. As managing director of AG Zyrardower Manufacturen Hielle & Dittrich he supported important investments of the municipality Żyrardow, z. B. the building of churches, the building of a Catholic and Protestant cemetery, the building of a school and a hospital. He also promoted the cultural activities (theater hall (Resursa), concert hall, bowling alley) and the needs in the education sector (vocational school, universal library, lectures in German).

He took over the patronage for cultural projects and financed scholarships for talented young people from Schönlinde and Żyrardów. In the years 1903–1908 he financed the studies of the writer and translator Paweł Hulka-Laskowski (1881–1946) at the University of Heidelberg . The “court painter” of the Dittrich family was August Frind (1852-1924) from Schönlinde, who created the portraits of Carl August Dittrich and Karl Hielle for the representative villa in Żyrardów and altarpieces for the Catholic Borromeo Church and the Evangelical Church of the Assumption in Żyrardów. In addition to the Frind he also supported a native of Zyrardow Hulka-Laskowski, the future translator of the novel The Good Soldier Svejk by Jaroslav Hašek into Polish.

In the years 1886-1896, a representative villa in the French Neo-Renaissance style was built for Karl Dittrich in the city park, in which he never lived and which is now used as the West Mazovian Museum Żyrardów. In 1899 he sold his private shares in the joint stock company of Żyrardów-Werke. He used the money from the sale of the shares (about 800,000 rubles) for charitable and social purposes and was intended for the employees of the joint stock company of the Werkeyrardów works, e.g. B. an old-age pension for civil servants as well as for ordinary workers. He also supported the operation of an orphanage for children in Żyrardów, the construction and maintenance of an old people's home in Żyrardów and the construction of a Roman Catholic and Protestant church in Żyrardów as well as the plant fire brigade and a factory orchestra. Together with his three sisters, he founded his father's name foundation, which provided the employees and workers of the linen factories with interest-bearing savings accounts worth 50 rubles if they regularly saved 3 percent of their monthly income. He then went back to Schönlinde, where he continued his charitable activities. For example, he had a city hospital and a convalescent home built for children, which is now the seat of the National Park Administration of Bohemian Switzerland . He took part in the activities of associations and organizations, including the Mountain Association for Northernmost Bohemia . He was buried in the Dittrich grave chapel in Krásná Lípa, which he had built for his father.

4. Heirs: Since Carl Dittrich jr. had no descendants, the inheritance went to his sisters Anna Marcellin (1857-1932) and Johanna Petersmann (1859-1919) and their husband, who later became the Leipzig printer Mathias Josef Petersmann (born January 3, 1884 in Agram; † January 20, 1942 in Leipzig). The company Hielle & Dittrich was continued until 1945 by the managing partner Herbert Späte (1881–1958).

Other possessions

  • since 1901 Frankenstein Sanatorium in Rumburg (Podhájí)
  • Agricultural goods in the Saaz and Podersam districts , e.g. Some of them were expropriated in 1920 as part of the land reform in the First Czechoslovak Republic . B. in Gödesin (Dětaň), Horatitz (Hořetice, OT from Žiželice u Žatce ) and Mohr (Mory, OT from Podbořany ).
  • Gut Lischnitz: The Majoratsgut in Lischnitz with a small Renaissance castle was bought by the Hielle & Dittrich company in 1907 and remained in their possession until 1945.
  • Teplitz dairy until 1930
  • Hawran sugar factory : In 1881 Carl August Dittrich built the "Hielle & Dittrich sugar factory" on his estate in Hawran (Havraň), which was run by his son Carl Dittrich jr. was later sold to the Nestomitz sugar refinery (Neštěmice, OT from Ústí nad Labem).
  • Tenement house in Lodz (Łódź), Piotrkowska Street 26: 1867 Purchase of the land with a small tenement house on which a new 4-storey building was built in 1882 by the architects Ignacy Markiewicz and Hilary Majewski, with a warehouse and sales point of the Żyrardow factory in which whose products, such as fabrics, blankets, underwear, bed linen and tablecloths were sold, the house was sold in 1908.
  • Three villas in Dresden-Loschwitz, Ferdinandstr. 2, 4 and 8 (today's address: Oskar-Pletsch-Str. 1, An der Berglehne 11 and 7). After the death of C. Dittrich jr. uninhabited for 5 years in 1918.

Other textile companies in Krásná Lípa

There were a number of textile manufacturers in Schönlinde from the mid-19th century until the 20th century.

  • Company Hielle & Wünsche
  • Stefan Schindler company - Joseph Franz Palme stocking factory
  • Gustav Jäger company
  • Joseph Heinrich Vatter company
  • Edwin Jäger company
  • ROHI company (weaving mill) and company and Rolf Hielle (rubber textile factory)
  • Hielle & Koch company

literature

  • Jacek Grzonkowski; Wojciech Maślarz; Barbara Rzeczycka (ed.): Hielle i Dittrich - historia rodzin, fabryk i fortuny (Hielle and Dittrich - history of families, factories and fortune), Muzeum Mazowsza Zachodniego Żyrardów 2007, ISBN 978-83-915189-9-1 (Polish. ), 28 p., See [2]
  • Krzysztof Zwoliński: Zakłady żyrardowskie w latach 1885–1915 (Żyrardów works in the years 1885–1915), Książka i Wiedza, Warszawa 1979 (Polish)
  • Jerzy Kwaczyński: Żyrardów - osadzie fabrycznej i parku Dittricha (Żyrardów - factory settlement and Dittrich park), in Spotkania z zabytkami (encounter with monuments), 2010, H. 3–4, pp. 18–23, see online
  • Jan Němec: Obrázky z průmyslových dějin Šluknovska (Pictures from the industrial history of the Schluckenauer Point), Rumburk: Město Rumburk, 2012, 159 pages, ISBN 978-80-87513-01-9 (Czech)
  • A. Stawarz, M. Procner (eds.): Pamiętniki Józefa Procnera (Memoirs of Josef Procner) (Polish), Żyrardów 2009, 107 pp., ISBN 978-8-392-89884-9

Web links

Commons : Hielle & Dittrich  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Hielle, Karl Theodor in Neue deutsche Biographie, Vol .: 9, Hess - Hüttig, Berlin, 1972, p. 107 (accessed October 6, 2019)
  2. ↑ Anna Vašíčková: Krásná Lípa v kontextu vývoje textilního průmyslu - 19. a 20. století (Schönlinde in the context of the development of the textile industry in the 19th and 20th centuries), Bakalaureus work, Charles University in Prague, Praha, 2017, 84 pp . (Czech), see under [1]
  3. ↑ Barbora Větrovská, Stanislav Děd: Text on the exhibition on the occasion of the seminar “Odkaz rodiny Dittrich z Krásné Lípy” (The legacy of the Dittrich family from Schönlinde on the occasion of the 200th birthday of Carl August Dittrich) on October 4, 2019 in Krásná Lípa, organized by Omnium zs Prague
  4. ↑ Jacek Grzonkowski: Pantheon of Personalities from Żyrardów (Polish) (accessed October 6, 2019)
  5. ↑ Żyrardów - Local History (accessed October 6, 2019)
  6. ^ German biography: Hielle, Karl Theodor (accessed October 6, 2019)
  7. ^ German biography: Hielle, Eduard (1824) (accessed October 6, 2019)
  8. ↑ Hielle-Villa (accessed October 6, 2019)
  9. ↑ German biography: Hielle, Karl (accessed October 6, 2019)
  10. ^ German biography: Hielle, Eduard (1850) (accessed October 6, 2019)
  11. ↑ Jan Němec: Legendární motocykl Čechie (The legendary motorcycles "Böhmerland"), Grada, 2010 (Czech) (accessed October 6, 2019)
  12. ↑ Alfred Hielle, in tolstejnsky-kraj.cz (Czech) (accessed October 6, 2019)
  13. ↑ Mateusz Waśkowski, from Echo Żyrardowskie No. 89 (Polish) (accessed October 6, 2019)
  14. ^ Tiroler Haus 1869 (Polish) (accessed October 6, 2019)
  15. ↑ German biography: Dittrich, Carl August (accessed October 6, 2019)
  16. ↑ BSČZ - Dittrich, Karl (Czech) (accessed October 6, 2019)
  17. ↑ Dittrich-Grabkapelle (Czech) (accessed on October 6, 2019)
  18. ↑ Photo by CA Dittrich (Polish) (accessed October 6, 2019)
  19. ↑ West Mazovian Museum in Żyrardów (Polish) (accessed October 6, 2019)
  20. ↑ BSČZ - DITTRICH Karl ml. (Czech) (accessed October 6, 2019)
  21. ↑ Mateusz Waśkowski, from Echo Żyrardowskie No. 92 (Polish) (accessed October 6, 2019)
  22. ^ Jan Němec: Company Hielle & Dittrich ve své zaslíbené zemi (The company Hielle & Dittrich in their promised land) - Lecture at the seminar on the occasion of the 200th birthday of Carl August Dittrich on October 4th in Krásná Lípa, organized by the Omnium zs association Broumov
  23. ^ Rumburg - History (accessed October 6, 2019)
  24. ↑ Regional Museum Žatec - Land Reform (Czech) (accessed October 6, 2019)
  25. ^ History of Lišnice (Czech) (accessed October 6, 2019)
  26. ↑ Prázdné domy - Havraň sugar factory (Czech) (accessed October 6, 2019)
  27. ↑ Mateusz Waśkowski, from Echo Żyrardowskie No. 148 (Polish) (accessed October 6, 2019)
  28. ↑ Dresden districts - Weißer Hirsch (accessed October 6, 2019)
  29. ↑ Schönlinde - Industrial History (accessed on October 6, 2019)