Großschweidnitz

coat of arms	Germany map
	Coordinates: 51 ° 4 ′  N , 14 ° 39 ′  E
Basic data
State :	Saxony
County :	Goerlitz
Management Community :	Löbau
Height :	304 m above sea level NHN
Area :	7.47 km 2
Residents:	1259 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density :	169 inhabitants per km 2
Postal code :	02708
Area code :	03585
License plate :	GR, LÖB, NOL, NY, WSW, ZI
Community key :	14 6 26 150
Community structure:	2 districts
Address of the municipal administration:	Ernst-Thälmann-Str. 63 02708 Großschweidnitz
Website :	grossschweidnitz.de
Mayor :	Jons Anders
Location of the community Großschweidnitz in the district of Görlitz

Großschweidnitz ( Upper Sorbian Swóńca ; Upper Lusatian dialect Schweenz ) is a Saxon community in the district of Görlitz . It is located south of the city of Löbau , to whose administrative community it belongs.

geography

View of Großschweidnitz

Viaduct over the Höllengrund

Panorama view of Großschweidnitz from Löbau -Süd, superficial view of the housing estates of Großschweidnitz with a view of the Saxon hospital

Aerial view

Großschweidnitz, which was founded as a forest hoof village , stretches in the floodplain of Großschweidnitzer water from Höllengrund , the confluence of the Litte to the border of Kleinschweidnitz and the Nonnenberg . It is interspersed with green areas and extensive and partly old trees. The area of ​​Kleinschweidnitz adjoining to the northeast has irregular, uneven and block-like properties with scattered houses. Untypical for Upper Lusatia there are hardly any half-timbered houses in the village , but a large village school, a lot of villa-like town houses and a beautiful railway viaduct from 1847. The attraction for hikers is the “Höllengrund”, a legendary rock valley with a mountain stream and a lonely “forest house”.

Großschweidnitz consists of the two districts Großschweidnitz and Kleinschweidnitz , and Seitenschweidnitz , which is included in Kleinschweidnitz.

history

Map of Oberreit with Großschweidnitz around 1845

Großschweidnitz manor, mansion

Groß- and Kleinschweidnitz were first mentioned in 1306 as two separate villages. Großschweidnitz was originally a pure farming village, in which the mill trade found its way into the 18th and 19th centuries. In Groß- and Kleinschweidnitz there were twelve watermills and one windmill , but hardly the branch of hand-weaving. For three centuries, village life was shaped by two manors. The townscape of Großschweidnitz is diverse and reflects the development of the village in the buildings.

With the construction of Duncan's linen industry in 1869/70 and the sanatorium and nursing home (today the Saxon Hospital ) from 1902 to 1904, houses and settlements were built more and more, and with it the population of large and small Willys. In 1897 a new village school was built in the town center (today Ernst-Thälmann-Str. 63 ). The sanatorium itself was built in the pavilion style on an area of ​​around 30 hectares. The lavishly restored, yellow brick and other buildings of the hospital stand in a largely fence-free park landscape. They are one of the largest architectural monuments east of Dresden.

The church in the Saxon Hospital Großschweidnitz

The church, which was completed in 1904 and has been extensively restored in recent years, has a major impact on the village. The emergence of the bleaching plant and the institute changed the population structure of the village significantly. More and more industrial workers, hospital staff and tradespeople settled here. In 1937 the two municipalities of Groß- and Kleinschweidnitz merged to form the municipality of Großschweidnitz with a centrally located municipal administration at today's Käthe-Kollwitz-Straße 6 .

In the Saxon hospital Großschweidnitz , in connection with the Brandt campaign , the second phase of the National Socialist “euthanasia”, over 5,000 sick people were killed (Krumpolt dissertation), including 192 women and men who had been deported to Germany for forced labor . A memorial stone, designed by the sculptor D. Hermann, was erected in the cemetery for victims. One of the victims of the euthanasia murders was Marianne Schönfelder from Dresden, the aunt of the painter Gerhard Richter .

On May 8, 1945, the middle arch of the viaduct was blown up by the Wehrmacht. Thanks to quick repairs, the first train was able to cross the viaduct on August 4th.

After the Second World War, the linen industry , now called Duncan's Leinenindustrie AG , was transferred to socialist ownership and incorporated into the Hirschfelder Linen and Textile Industry Combine . In 1990 the company was closed. From 1995 to 1996 the angel egg, as it is popularly known, was almost completely demolished. The 65 m high chimney of the machine house and the coal bunker were blown up by Oswald & Küchler Sprengtechnik GmbH .

After 1993, a new building area with over 40 houses was built in Großschweidnitz not far from the Sachsenfreundes on the S148. With the construction of a new sewage treatment plant between Kleinschweidnitz and Seitenschweidnitz, the town's public electricity, gas, telephone and water networks were expanded at the same time.

In 2002 the local school, which was a polytechnic high school in GDR times and a primary school after the fall of the Wall, had to close after about 100 years of school operation due to a lack of students. The municipal administration was then housed in the building.

As a result of the floods in 2010 there was damage of around 1.9 million euros in the community. Three bridges were completely destroyed and two irreparably damaged. This made it necessary to renew the flood protection.

Place name forms

The place name changed from 1306: Gunzelinus de Swoynitz, 1306: ambae (= Latin both) Sweynicz, 1374: Große Swoynicz, 1419: Swoynitz magnum, Sweynicz, 1420: Große Sweydnitcz, 1471: Grosse Swoynicz, 1478: Große Swenitz, 1569 : Groß Schweidnicz, 1816: Groß Schwei (d) nitz to Großschweidnitz.

Administrative affiliation

1777: Bautzen district, 1843: Löbau district court, 1856: Löbau court office , 1875:  Löbau district administration , 1952:  Löbau district , 1994:  Löbau-Zittau district , 2008: Görlitz district

Population development

year	Residents
1777	13 possessed men, 6 gardeners, 28 cottagers, 2 devastation
1834	471
1871	660
1890	665
1910	1,596
1925	1,695
1939	2,545
1946	2,577
1950	3,083
1964	3,031
1990	1,777
2000	1,514
2008	1,388
2009	1,356
2010	1,352
2012	1,338
2013	1,340
2018	1,287

politics

history

The first municipal council elections took place in Kleinschweidnitz on April 24, 1839 and in Großschweidnitz on May 11, 1839. Five representatives from five layers of the town were elected. These elected the community elder and the community board, which was named mayor from 1924. The mayors in Großschweidnitz from 1924 were:

• Emil Dehner (1924–1928)
• Kurt Reinhold (1929–1938), from 1936 also for Kleinschweidnitz
• Paul Penther (1938-1945)
• Theodor Pappert (1945–1956)
• Heinz Richter (1956–1970)
• Rudolph Pelz (1970-1983)
• Heinz Hartmann (1983–1984, deputy)
• Klaus Krische (1984–1994)
• Thomas Konietzny (1994-2008)
• Jons Anders (2008-present)

Local council election

In the municipal council election on May 26, 2019, all 12 seats of the municipal council went to the candidates of the electoral association Vereine Großschweidnitz (98.7% of the vote). The turnout was 60.2 percent.

partnership

Großschweidnitz has been in a partnership with the Swabian municipality of Klosterlechfeld since November 2nd, 1990 .

Memorials

• Memorial stone in the institution cemetery for the "euthanasia" victims
• Memorial on Dorfstrasse near the Heinz Bahner Stadium for resistance fighters and victims of fascism
• Memorial for the fallen of the First World War on Ernst-Thälmann-Strasse
• Memorial to the First World War on the Litte near the specialist hospital.

traffic

Großschweidnitz is located directly on State Road 148 , Federal Road 178 and the Zittau – Löbau railway line ; however, no passenger trains run here.

literature

• Festival chronicle: 700 years of Großschweidnitz . Großschweidnitz 2006.
• Dick de Mildt (Ed.): State crimes in court, Festschrift Christiaan Frederik Rüter on his 65th birthday. University Press, Amsterdam 2003.
• Jürgen Schreiber: A painter from Germany: Gerhard Richter. A family drama. Pendo-Verlag, Munich 2005, ISBN 3-86612-058-3
• Krumpolt, Holm: "The Effects of National Socialist Psychiatry Policy on the Saxon State Hospital Großschweidnitz in the Period 1939–1945" , Dissertation at the University of Leipzig, 1995.
• Cornelius Gurlitt : Großschweidnitz. In:  Descriptive representation of the older architectural and art monuments of the Kingdom of Saxony. 34. Issue: Official Authority Löbau . CC Meinhold, Dresden 1910, p. 176.

Web links

Commons : Großschweidnitz  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Wikisource: Manors and castles in the kingdom of Saxony: Gross-Schweidnitz  - sources and full texts

• Website of the community Großschweidnitz
• University of Amsterdam: Documentation of judgments against crimes 1939–1945
• Großschweidnitz photos
• The former Royal Saxon Sanatorium and Nursing Institution Großschweidnitz (since 1902) became a killing institution from 1939/40 ( Nazi patient murders , Campaign Brandt) - Commemoration in Großschweidnitz (2017, page under construction)

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Population of the Free State of Saxony by municipalities on December 31, 2019  ( help on this ).
2. ↑ s - Upper Lusatian dictionary. Retrieved July 24, 2019 . 
3. ↑ Peter Emerich: Viaduckt Großschweidnitz. In: www.loebaufoto.de. Peter Emerich, June 2, 2018, accessed June 2, 2018 . 
4. ^ Oswald & Küchler Sprengtechnik GmbH: Demolition of the chimney coal bunker. In: http://www.sprengtechnik-pirna.de/ . Oswald & Küchler Sprengtechnik GmbH, June 2, 2018, accessed on June 2, 2018 . 
5. ↑ Municipality of Großschweidnitz: Ortsblatt September 2010. (PDF) In: grossschweidnitz.de. Großschweidnitz municipality, September 1, 2010, accessed on June 2, 2018 . 
6. ↑ ^{a b} Großschweidnitz in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony
7. ^ Election result for the community of Großschweidnitz
8. ↑ 1.8 Partnership: Großschweidnitz. Retrieved March 15, 2018 .