Großhennersdorf

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Großhennersdorf
City of Herrnhut
Coat of arms of Großhennersdorf
Coordinates: 50 ° 59 ′ 30 ″  N , 14 ° 47 ′ 30 ″  E
Height : 285 m
Area : 21.94 km²
Residents : 1489  (Dec. 31, 2010)
Population density : 68 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : January 1, 2011
Postal code : 02747
Area code : 035873
map
Location of Großhennersdorf in the area of ​​the city of Herrnhut (as of January 1, 2013)

Großhennersdorf is a district of the city of Herrnhut in the district of Görlitz in southeast Saxony . Before the voluntary incorporation, which took place within the framework of the target size of at least 5000 inhabitants per municipality required by the Saxon Ministry of the Interior, Großhennersdorf had been a member of the Herrnhut administrative community since the beginning of 2000 .

geography

Großhennersdorf is in the form of a forest hoof village in the south of the district, about ten kilometers north of the urban area of Zittau . Surrounding places are Rennersdorf / OL in the north, Neundorf auf dem Eigen in the northeast, Burkersdorf and Schlegel in the east, Dittelsdorf and Wittgendorf in the southeast, Oberseifersdorf in the south, Oderwitz in the southwest, Ruppersdorf / OL in the west and the Moravian core town in the northeast. The Ehrlichbach flows through the village. It rises in the upper part of the village at the foot of the Großer Berg and flows into the Petersbach in the Euldorf district . Between the village center and the district of Heuscheune there is a pond area that was created centuries ago to drain the surrounding fields. The two largest bodies of water are called Leubner Teich and Ententeich .

history

Map of Oberreit with Großhennersdorf around 1845

Großhennersdorf was first mentioned in 1296 . An Ulmannus de Henrichsdorf (also Henrichsdorf) is mentioned in several documents as the owner of the new village.

In 1378 the Heinrichsdorf family handed over the rule of "Hennersdorf" to Nikol Stewitz. His family (the Stewitz) ruled the Waldhufendorf until the beginning of the 15th century. Construction of the palace begins under the rule of the Stewitz family. This secular building is one of the oldest in Upper Lusatia. In 1408 Georg Stewitz sold the place to the von Gersdorf family (f) (the most extensive aristocratic family in Lusatia). At the time of their rule, the planned development of the village meadow with permanent houses for the craftsmen around the castle began.

Between 1425 and 1431 the village was badly affected by the Hussite Wars . Almost every year the Hussites roamed the town, pillaging it and driving away the cattle.

On January 1, 2011, the community of Großhennersdorf was incorporated with its districts of Euldorf , Großhennersdorf, Heuscheune , Neundorf auf dem Eigen and Schönbrunn to Herrnhut.

Place name forms

1296: Ulmannus de Henrichsdorf, 1322: Heinrichsdorff, 1352: Henrici villa scriptoris, 1378: Heinersdorff Schreibers, 1424: Schreyberivilla, 1429: Heinersdorff Schreybers, 1542: Hennersdorff, 1764: Marckhennersdorff, 1768: Groß Hennersdorf, 18th century: also Markthennersdorf and Hennersdorf called under the Königsholz.

Administrative affiliation

1777: Görlitzer Kreis, 1843: Regional Court District Löbau, 1856: Herrnhut Court Office, 1875 : District Authority Löbau , 1952: District Löbau , 1994: District Löbau-Zittau , 2008: District Görlitz

Population development

year Residents
1617 48 possessed men,
42 gardeners, 2 cottagers
1777 36 possessed men,
57 gardeners,
82 cottagers,
2 devastation
1834 1272
1871 1429
1890 1467
1910 1237
1925 1619
1939 1844
1946 2370
1950 2345
1964 2300
1990 1841
2000 1676
2010 1489

Katharinenhof

Building complex of the Katharinenhof Helene-von-Gersdorff-Haus

The estate gained special importance in the 18th century as the widow's seat of Henriette Catharina von Gersdorff , who raised her grandson Nikolaus Ludwig von Zinzendorf , the later founder of the Moravian Brethren , here.

In 1721, the Katharinenhof , named after her, was formed from parts of the estate , a diaconal and social foundation to care for orphans and poor old people. Now it is a dormitory named after Ewald Meltzer for mentally and physically disabled people. Between 1739 and 1741 Diaconus Heinrich Melchior Mühlenberg worked as an inspector in the Katharinenhof. He went to Pennsylvania in 1742 and founded the Lutheran Church of North America there. From 1802 to 1832 there was also a boarding school with pedagogy for young nobles.

Between 1909 and 1911, the existing buildings with their neo-baroque façade decoration were erected in place of the structures from 1726.

Second World War

The approx. 300 handicapped children living on the Katharinenhof in 1940 were killed in Pirna and Großschweidnitz on the pretext of having to clear it to accommodate refugees . Around 400 Alsace-Lorraine residents, who had been forcibly relocated because of their conscientious objection, as well as Bessarabian Germans were housed in the buildings. The Katharinenhof was damaged by fire in the last days of the war. Forced resettlers from Slovenia were housed in the village in November 1941, and the first refugees from the eastern regions in October 1944. The place became a transit station for thousands who had to be temporarily housed and supplied. On May 7, 1945, the command was given to evacuate the village prepared for defense and on May 8, Großhennersdorf became a combat area. Only the news of the surrender prevented more serious destruction. Four houses were totally destroyed, the church and the Katharinenhof damaged by shelling. 45 German and Soviet soldiers were killed near the village. 17 citizens killed themselves in the days that followed. 106 men in the village died on the battlefields across Europe during the war.

Culture and sights

Memorials

In 1996 a memorial column was erected on the grounds of the Katharinenhof to commemorate 223 women, children and men who fell victim to the Nazi regime's T4 killing .

In 2000, for the 300th birthday of Nikolaus Ludwig von Zinzendorf, a hiking trail was laid out from the ruins of his youth home, the former moated castle Großhennersdorf, to Herrnhut .

Buildings

Gross Castle = Hennersdorf around 1850

The former Großhennersdorf Castle has fallen into ruin.

A sculpture path leading from Herrnhut to Großhennersdorf can be visited.

Church in Großhennersdorf

The church is characteristic of Großhennersdorf. It was built in 1869 and 1870 in place of a previous medieval building by master mason Carl August Thomas from Neusalza , a student of the famous Saxon church builder and Schinkel student Carl August Schramm . Shortly before, in the years 1868 and 1869, he built the church in Crostau , the structure of which is very similar in many ways to the Großhennersdorfer. The master carpenter Gottfried Schröter from Oberseifersdorf was responsible for the work inside the Großhennersdorfer church . All that remained of the old church was the tower, which was rebuilt after a fire by master carpenter Zacharias Hänschke from Altbernsdorf in 1829–1834.

Cornelius Gurlitt , architect and art historian, praised the quality of the Großhennersdorfer Church in his art inventory from 1910: “The church house is an exceptionally good and noteworthy complex for the time it was built (1870). Two-story galleries; in front of the semicircle choir are attractively designed prayer rooms. In the stairs with arms of the cross. ”As in Crostau, the room here also lives from the tradition of the baroque parish church. The historicizing features, which originated from the taste of the time, are subordinate to this heritage and can be seen in the arched windows and the spacious apse, free of stalls, separated by a rounded arch. The painting, which is still in its original state, contributes to the appealing effect of the interior, which is sober in its individual forms, but it will definitely need to be renewed in the near future.

The church has three bells. The large bronze bell dates from 1829 and was cast by Friedrich Gruhl in Kleinwelka . The two sound steel bells were cast as a replacement for the two bronze bells given in 1917 at Schilling & Lattermann in Apolda .

Regular events

In February until the 2006/2007 season the carnival season came to an end every year in the community facility of the village (formerly VEG). This has been done in the meeting center since the 2007/2008 season.

In addition, there is a witch's fire every year on the night of April 30th to May 1st .

The work of the Kunstbauerkino e. V., who runs an art house cinema on a voluntary basis, which with its regular, annually awarded program is a fixture in the cultural landscape of the region. In addition, the Kunstbauerkino e. V. every year in May the Neisse Film Festival as a festival with a focus on Eastern European film.

Personalities

literature

  • The south-eastern Upper Lusatia with Zittau and the Zittau Mountains (= values ​​of the German homeland . Volume 16). 1st edition. Akademie Verlag, Berlin 1970, p. 43 ff.
  • The history of the bells of Großhennersdorf and Rennersdorf. Edited on behalf of Ev.-Luth. Church council Großhennersdorf-Rennersdorf from Pastor Alexander Wieckowski, Großhennersdorf. Großhennersdorfer-Rennersdorfer Church Stories Issue No. 1/2010.
  • The Großhennersdorfer church building from 1869/70 Ed. On behalf of the Evangelical Lutheran. Church council Großhennersdorf-Rennersdorf by Pastor Alexander Wieckowski, Großhennersdorf 2010. Großhennersdorfer-Rennersdorfer Church Stories No. 2/2010.
  • The Katharinenhof and its inspector: Diaconus Heinrich Melchior Mühlenberg Ed. On behalf of Ev.-Luth. Church council Großhennersdorf-Rennersdorf by Pastor Alexander Wieckowski, Großhennersdorf 2011. Großhennersdorfer-Rennersdorfer Church Stories Issue No. 3/2011.
  • Cornelius Gurlitt : Großhennersdorf. In:  Descriptive representation of the older architectural and art monuments of the Kingdom of Saxony. 34. Issue: Official Authority Löbau . CC Meinhold, Dresden 1910, p. 154.
  • War events in Großhennersdorf from the Hussite Wars to World War II / edited and written by Alexander Wieckowski. Großhennersdorf 2015. (Großhennersdorfer Stories / ed. By Großhennersdorfer Geschichtsverein eV; Volume 7).
  • Großhennersdorf in the Weimar Republic: the records of the local pastors Martin Grobe and Max Penzel / edited and commented on by Alexander Wieckowski. Großhennersdorf 2017. (Großhennersdorfer Klassen / ed. By Großhennersdorfer Geschichtsverein eV; Volume 8).
  • Alexander Wieckowski: The Katharinenhof in Großhennersdorf 1721/23 to 1741: The Gersdorf's poor and orphanage and its last inspector Heinrich Melchior Mühlenberg. With a source annex on residents and employees of the Katharinenhof as well as documents from Mühlenberg's time in office in Großhennersdorf. In: Thomas Müller-Bahlke ; Alexander Wieckowski: Heinrich Melchior Mühlenberg and the Katharinenhof zu Großhennersdorf. Dresden 2015, pp. 53–231. (Series of publications by the Herrnhut Academy; 3) ISBN 978-3-86276-165-4 .

Web links

Commons : Großhennersdorf  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Manors and castles in the kingdom of Saxony: Gross-Hennersdorf  - sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ StBA: Area changes from January 1st to December 31st, 2011
  2. ↑ Großhennersdorf in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony
  3. ^ Diakoniewerk Oberlausitz eV: Ewald-Meltzer-Heim .
  4. ↑ Diakoniewerk Oberlausitz e. V .: Katharinenhof . at www.diakoniewerk-oberlausitz.de
  5. ↑ Georg Dehio et al .: Handbook of German Art Monuments. Saxony I. District of Dresden . Munich, Berlin 1996. p. 421