Jablunka Pass
| Jablunka Pass | |||
|---|---|---|---|
 The Jablunka Pass seen from Mount Gírová ; View in north-west |
|||
| Compass direction | north | south | |
| Pass height | 553 m nm | ||
| region | Moravskoslezský kraj ( Czech Republic ) | Žilinský kraj ( Slovakia ) | |
| Watershed | Olsa → Or | Čierňanka → Kysuca → Waag → Danube | |
| Valley locations | Mosty u Jablunkova , Jablunkov | Svrčinovec , Čadca | |
| expansion | Road R11 ( E 75 ), railway line Žilina – Bohumín |
||
| Mountains | Jablunkau mountainous region | ||
| map | |||
|
|||
| Coordinates | 49 ° 31 ′ 0 ″ N , 18 ° 45 ′ 0 ″ E | ||
The Jablunka Pass ( Jablunkovský průsmyk in Czech ) is a mountain pass in the Jablunkau Uplands in the Beskids . It is located on Czech territory near the municipality of Mosty u Jablunkova near the border triangle Czech Republic - Slovakia - Poland and has a height of 553 m nm
It separates the Moravian-Silesian Beskids in the west from the Silesian Beskids in the east and is part of the main European watershed between the Black Sea and the Baltic Sea . The important road from Žilina to Český Těšín ( E 75 ) and the Žilina – Bohumín railway line cross the pass . In the Middle Ages , a trade route from the Kingdom of Hungary to Silesia led over the pass.
Jablunkauer Schanzen ( Jablunkovské šance in Czech )
The Jablunker hills comprise a total of 4 hills. In the very southwest, the Große Schanze is located, following the border line, a little further to the east, followed by the Alte Schanze, the Kleine Schanze and to the northeast, the Ochsenschanze. In 1474, King Matthias Corvinus entrusted the security of the pass, over which copper was transported from Upper Hungary to Silesia , to Duke Przemislaus II of Teschen . Because of the threat from the Turkish wars , fortification work was carried out on the pass in the first half of the 16th century and a hill was built in 1578 , which gained military importance in the Thirty Years War . To the east of the old ski jump a larger facility was built in 1642, which was expanded in a star shape in 1663. Despite further repairs in 1724-1729 and 1808, it was abandoned after 1848 because the defensive system was out of date. Moats and ramparts as well as a chapel from 1829 have been preserved.
On the night of August 25th to 26th, 1939, the originally planned start of the attack on Poland , an attempt by a German commando company to occupy the pass led to the first acts of war with Polish units.
See also: Occupation of the Jablunka Pass
literature
- Joachim Bahlcke , Winfried Eberhard, Miloslav Polívka (eds.): Handbook of historical places . Volume: Bohemia and Moravia (= Kröner's pocket edition . Volume 329). Kröner, Stuttgart 1998, ISBN 3-520-32901-8 , p. 222.