Annopol

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Annopol
Coat of arms of the Annopol municipality
Annopol (Poland)
Annopol
Annopol
Basic data
State : Poland
Voivodeship : Lublin
Powiat : Kraśnicki
Gmina : Annopol
Area : 7.75  km²
Geographic location : 50 ° 53 '  N , 21 ° 52'  E Coordinates: 50 ° 53 '0 "  N , 21 ° 52' 0"  E
Residents : 2610 (December 31, 2016)
Postal code : 23-235
Telephone code : (+48) 15
License plate : LKR
Economy and Transport
Street : DK74 Kielce - Lublin
Next international airport : Rzeszów-Jasionka



Annopol [ anˈnɔpɔl ] is a town in the Kraśnicki powiat of the Lublin Voivodeship in Poland . The city with 2610 inhabitants (as of December 31, 2016) is the seat of the city-and-country municipality of the same name .

geography

Annopol is located approx. 64 km southwest of Lublin , north of the confluence of the Sanna and the Vistula .

history

The place emerged from the village of Rachów, which belonged to the noble families Rachowski, Czyżowski, Morsztyn in the 16th and 17th centuries and from the middle of the 18th century to the Tymiński family. Since the 17th century there was a growing Jewish community in Annopol ( Yiddish : אניפולי, also Hanipol), including many Hasidim . Rabbi Meshullam Sussja (Yiddish: Sische) von Hanipol (d. 1800), a brother of Rabbi Elimelech von Lyschansk , became known far beyond Annopol / Hanipol .

In 1761 the place received city rights from the Polish King August III. The owner of the place Rachów, Antoni Jabłonowski, then named the place after his late wife Anna. Anno stands for Anna and pol comes from the Greek polis for city. Anna's image is immortalized in the town's coat of arms.

During the third partition of Poland in 1795, the city came to Austria , from 1815 it belonged to Congress Poland . In 1869 the place lost its town charter.

In 1921, 73% of the population of Annopol were Jews, in the 1930s more than two-thirds of the population.

After the invasion of Poland , a labor camp was created in Annopol in the spring of 1940 , the "ZAL Annopol-Rachów" (ZAL = forced labor camp). The Jews of Annopol were mainly employed in building an access road to a local phosphorite mine (see below). Later, some of the Jews from Annopol who were able to work were taken to a labor camp in Gościeradów , 10 km east of Annopol, and some to the Janiszów camp, 7 km south of Annopol. Many of the prisoners in Janiszów were initially able to save themselves when, on November 6, 1942, Jewish partisans attacked the camp, liberated 600 Jews and killed the camp commandant Peter Ignor, a multiple murderer. However, 60 Jews who fled into the forests were murdered by partisans of Gwardia Ludowa . In October 1943 the ZAL Annopol-Rachów was dissolved. The Jews who remained there until then were selected . The old and the sick were murdered on the spot, and those who were still able to work were taken to the labor camp in Budzyń near Kraśnik . In the course of the mass murders of the “ Aktion Erntefest ” on November 3, 1943, Jewish slave laborers were also murdered in Annopol. Most of the 630 victims were Jews from Germany and Austria who had been deported from the Budzyń labor camp to Annopol for execution. They were buried in mass graves. In the Borów massacre , the area around the village of Borów near Janiszów was destroyed by German military units on February 2, 1944, who murdered over 900 residents.

From July 1944 to January 1945 the front between the German Wehrmacht and the Soviet army ran on the Vistula near Annopol .

Since January 1st, 1996 Annopol has the status of a city again.

politics

Both the coat of arms, the flag and the flag of Annopol were officially introduced on June 28, 2002.

coat of arms

The coat of arms of the Annopol municipality shows the seated figure of St. Anna. She wears a green dress, a white coat, yellow slippers, and has a golden halo around her head. She has placed her right hand open on her chest. On a red background there is a silvery S in capital letters to the left of her, and on her right, in the same style, the letter A.

flag

The municipality's flag has three horizontal stripes. These are colored yellow, green and white from bottom to top. The two outer stripes each have a height of 2: 5 to the total height of the flag, while the central stripe has a height of 1: 5.

local community

The urban-and-rural community (gmina miejsko-wiejska) Annopol has an area of ​​151 km².

economy

There is a larger phosphorite deposit in the vicinity of Annopol . Exploration began in the late 1920s . In 1971 the production of phosphorite in Annopol was stopped.

Web links

Footnotes

  1. ↑ a b Art. Annopol-Rachow . In Shmuel Spector, Geoffrey Wigoder (ed.): The Encyclopedia of Jewish Life Before and During the Holocaust , Vol. 1: A - J . New York University Press, New York 2001, ISBN 0-8147-9356-8 , pp. 46-47.
  2. ↑ Martin Buber : Writings on Hasidism (= works, vol. 3). Kösel, Munich 1963, p. 100.
  3. ^ Wit Szymanek: Z dziejów powiatu janowskiego i kraśnickiego w latach 1474–1975 . Clio Sergiusz Matjunin, Lublin 2003, pp. 69-71.
  4. ↑ Barbara Schwindt: The Majdanek Concentration and Extermination Camp. Functional change in the context of the "final solution" . Königshausen and Neumann, Würzburg 2005, ISBN 3-8260-3123-7 , p. 280.
  5. ↑ Klaus-Peter Friedrich (arrangement): The persecution and murder of European Jews by National Socialist Germany 1933–1945 , Vol. 4: Poland September 1939 - July 1941 . De Gruyter Oldenbourg, Berlin 2011, ISBN 978-3-486-58525-4 , p. 232.
  6. ^ David Silberklang: The Jews and the first deportations from the Lublin district . In: Bogdan Musiał (Ed.): "Aktion Reinhardt". The genocide of the Jews in the Generalgouvernement 1941–1944 . fiber, Osnabrück 2004, ISBN 3-929759-83-7 , pp. 141–164, here p. 162.
  7. ↑ Shmuel Krakowski: The war of the doomed. Jewish armed resistance in Poland, 1942-1944 . Holmes and Meier, New York 1984, ISBN 0-8419-0851-6 , chap. 4: Lublin Southern District .
  8. ↑ Collection Masowy mord na Żydach w Annopolu nad Wisłą (The mass murder of the Jews in Annopol on the Vistula), inventory 89 in the archive of the Główna Komisja Badania Zbrodni Hitlerowskich w Polsce (GKBZHwP, "Main Commission for Research into National Socialist Crimes in Poland").
  9. ^ David Silberklang: The Jews and the first deportations from the Lublin district . In: Bogdan Musiał (Ed.): "Aktion Reinhardt". The genocide of the Jews in the Generalgouvernement 1941–1944 . fiber, Osnabrück 2004, pp. 141–164, here p. 163.
  10. ↑ Witold Wojciech Mędykowski: power work free? German economic policy and forced labor of Jews in the general government, 1939-1943 . Academic Studies Press, Boston 2018, ISBN 978-1-61811-596-6 , p. 289.
  11. ^ Wit Szymanek: Z dziejów miasta Annopol . In: Kraśnickie Towarzystwo Regionalne (ed.): Regionalista , year 2000, p. 11.
  12. ^ Andrej Angrick : "Aktion 1005" - removal of traces of Nazi mass crimes 1942–1945, Wallstein Verlag, Göttingen 2018, Volume 2, p. 845.
  13. ↑ Official information on the coat of arms, the flag and the flag ( Memento from January 15, 2016 in the Internet Archive )
  14. ↑ Greta Orris, Carlotta Chernoff: Data Set of World Phosphate Mines, Deposits, and Occurrences . Part B: Location and Mineral Economic Data . United States Geological Survey, Reston 2002, p. 209.
  15. ↑ Marzena Smol: The importance of sustainable phosphorus management in the circular economy (CE) model. The Polish case study . In: Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management , Vol. 21 (2019), pp. 227-238.