Outcrop (mining)

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The indication includes all mining activities for the development of a deposit in the open pit . In underground mines, one speaks of alignment .

The digestion is a technical procedure to expose a geological formation or reservoir . The outcrop in the open pit corresponds to the removal of the overburden above the deposit. The exploration in underground mining takes place through the sinking of shafts , the driving of routes as well as the alignment and preparation of the deposit for mining .

classification

The outcrop is the first phase in the mining cycle:

  1. Exposure
  2. Promotion / regular operation
  3. Recultivation / restoration

activities

A mining permit is required to start exploration work . This is necessary because this phase is characterized by high investment costs and can take several years. For example, the opening of the Hambach opencast mine began in 1978, and the first extraction took place six years later.

Several measures are required for exposure:

  • Determination of the "revealing figure", d. H. the shape of the area to be opened up
  • Measures for dewatering (e.g. lowering the groundwater level, diversion of rivers)
  • Devastation of localities, biotopes and protected areas as well as compensatory measures
  • Removal of the overburden (deposition of the overburden on outer tilting, removal of top soil )
  • Preparation of working levels on which the conveyor technology is set up
  • Assembly of the conveyor technology
  • Creation of traffic and infrastructure (e.g. connection to the road and rail network, power supply)
  • Measures for immission control (reduction of noise, vibrations, dust emissions)

In addition, measures to make it usable must already be taken in this phase.

See also

literature

  • Stefan Bergs: Provisions in lignite mining: Effects of the obligation to make the surface usable again according to the BBergG . Deutscher Universitätsverlag, Wiesbaden 2006, p. 53-55 .
  • Helmut Schäfer (Ed.): VDI-Lexikon Energietechnik . VDI-Verlag, Düsseldorf, ISBN 978-3-642-95749-9 , opencast mine exposure, p. 1230-1231 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Das Bergbau-Handbuch , Glückauf Verlag, 5th edition 1994, ISBN 978-3773905673 , p. 41
  2. ↑ Vereinigung Rohstoffe und Bergbau eV (Ed.): Key issues paper mining law . Berlin September 3, 2013, 3a., P. 2 ( PDF; 60 kB ). PDF; 60 kB ( Memento of the original from August 10, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.vrb.de
  3. ↑ Hambach opencast mine (PDF; 1.2 MB)
  4. ↑ VDI-Lexikon Energietechnik, 1994, p. 1230.
  5. ↑ Sächsisches Oberbergamt (Hrsg.): Guideline for the establishment and structuring of operating plans for opencast mines and associated open-cast facilities from August 1, 2011 (operating plan guideline for opencast mines) . 2011, p. 13 ( PDF; 558 kB ).