Kampinos National Park
| Kampinos National Park | |||
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| Location: | Mazovia , Poland | ||
| Specialty: | UNESCO - Biosphere Reserve | ||
| Next city: | Izabelin C (registered office) and Nowy Dwór Mazowiecki | ||
| Surface: | 385.44 km² | ||
| Founding: | 1959 | ||
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The Kampinos National Park ( Polish Kampinoski Park Narodowy ) is a Polish national park in the Masovian Voivodeship , 30 km northwest of Warsaw .
General
The national park is located in the middle of the Kampinos Heath ( Puszcza Kampinoska ) in the area of the Warsaw-Berlin glacial valley . There were plans to establish a national park here as early as the 1920s. In 1959 this project was implemented on an area of 407 km². The national park was then slightly reduced and currently has an area of 385.44 km². In January 2000, the Kampinos National Park was inscribed on the UNESCO list of Biosphere Reserves . The dune landscape that emerged here approx. 12,500 years ago today represents a natural ensemble that is unique in Europe, covering an area of almost 200 km². The glacial valley is largely characterized by swamp areas covered with pine forests . In the depressions between the dunes, swamps , fens and meadows overgrown with alders stretch out. The national park is also located in the largest water node in Poland. The Vistula , Bug , Narew , Wkra and Bzura converge nearby . In contrast, there are no lakes in the national park.
flora
The great variety of flora in the national park can be illustrated by the high number of 1245 different vascular plants. A rarity of the national park to be emphasized is the occurrence of the black birch. The contrast between dunes and swamps is typical of the national park landscape. This is also highlighted by the different plant communities. Pine and oak-hornbeam forests dominate the dunes, while various types of meadows as well as scrub and alder forests dominate the marshes.
fauna
With its oxbow lakes, sandy river arms, islands, meadows and bushes, the national park is an extremely important biotope for many animal species. In total, over 3000 species have been identified in the park so far, 2030 of which are insect species. Of the 215 bird species recorded, 153 breed in the park. The Kampinos National Park has been experimenting successfully with the release and reintroduction of various animals for decades. For example, the moose succeeded in resettling here in 1951, the beaver in 1980 and the lynx in 1992. The elk population in the national park can now be regarded as stable. Several moose have even migrated to other forest complexes in recent years.
history
Several important events in Polish history also took place in the area of the national park. In the course of the January uprising of 1863, some battles between the insurgents and the troops of the tsarist division took place here. The Puszcza Kampinoska was also the scene of the battle in the Kampinos Heath during the German invasion of Poland and of fights and mass shootings in the subsequent German occupation of Poland from 1939 to 1945 . The cemetery in Palmiry is a memorial for the crimes of the National Socialists, where over 2,000 Poles were buried who were secretly murdered here by the German occupiers between 1939 and 1943.
In Żelazowa Wola , on the edge of the national park, is the birthplace of the composer and piano virtuoso Frédéric Chopin , which can now be visited as a museum.
Web links
- Official website of the Kampinos National Park (Polish)
- Virtual National Park Guide (Polish)
- World Database on Protected Areas - National Park Kampinos (English)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Presentation on the national park from the website of the park administration, engl. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
Babia Gora (1976) | Bialowieza (1976) | Masurian Lakes (1976) | Slowinski (1976) | Karkonosze / Giant Mountains (1992) | Tatra Mountains (1992) | Eastern Carpathians (1998) | Puszcza Kampinoska (2000) | Tucheler Heide (2010) | Western Poland (2012) | Roztocze (2019)