Tatra National Park (Poland)
| Tatra National Park | |||
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| Location: | Lesser Poland , Poland | ||
| Specialty: | UNESCO - Biosphere Reserve | ||
| Next city: | Zakopane | ||
| Surface: | 211.64 km² | ||
| Founding: | 1954 | ||
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The Tatra National Park ( Polish : Tatrzański Park Narodowy , TPN ) is a national park in Poland , which is located in the Lesser Poland Voivodeship on the Slovakian border.
General
Although the national park was officially founded in 1954, the first joint attempts with Czechoslovakia to protect the Tatras have been made since 1925 . A protected park was opened in the state forests of the area as early as 1937. While the Tatra National Park (TANAP) was founded in Czechoslovakia in 1949 , a national park was not realized on the Polish side until 1954. In 1993 the Polish and Slovak parts of the Tatra National Park were declared a Biosphere Reserve by UNESCO . The Tatras is a mountain complex of the Fatra-Tatra region of the Carpathian Mountains . Here in Poland there are otherwise unique mountains of the alpine type, which offer a relief with height differences of up to 1700 m. Most of the Tatras are in Slovakia , while the smaller Polish part has the highest point in the country ( Rysy , 2499.6 m npm ).
flora
The flora is characterized by a typical step structure. In the lower high forest (up to 1250 m npm ) fir-beech forests dominate, in the upper high forest (up to 1550 m npm ) spruce forests, which extend into the area of the Krummholz zone and the grassland (up to 1800 m npm ). The alpine level begins above this height. It is estimated that the national park has over 1000 vascular plant species, 85 of which are subject to species protection. Many of the plants growing in the park are endemic to the Tatra or Carpathian Mountains. These include, for example, the Swiss stone pine , the Carpathian saxifrage , the Carpathian delphinium , the silver arum and the grape saxifrage . Also to be mentioned separately are the three-column ledges and the two-line head grass , which form an endemic community of high mountain grasses and turn red in autumn and give a large part of the mountains a characteristic color, the "Czerwony Wierch" (Red Summit).
fauna
The extremely rich fauna of the national park is also characterized by many endemic species as well as rare and protected species. Among the rarities of the local fauna are the chamois and marmots , which have been protected since the middle of the 19th century, as well as the brown bears , lynxes , wolves , otters and a few dozen species of birds, including the golden eagle , the wallcreet and the alpine brown otters . The capercaillie , the black grouse and the hazel grouse nest in the higher parts of the forest . Deer and roe deer , as well as small rodents , are numerous in the forests .
See also
Web links
- Side of the Tatra National Park (Polish)
Babia Gora (1976) | Bialowieza (1976) | Masurian Lakes (1976) | Slowinski (1976) | Karkonosze / Giant Mountains (1992) | Tatra Mountains (1992) | Eastern Carpathians (1998) | Puszcza Kampinoska (2000) | Tucheler Heide (2010) | Western Poland (2012) | Roztocze (2019)