Rysy
| Rysy | ||
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| height | 2503 m nm | |
| location | Poland / Slovakia | |
| Mountains | High Tatras | |
| Coordinates | 49 ° 10 '46 " N , 20 ° 5' 17" E | |
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| Type | Rock summit, Dreierspitze | |
| First ascent | July 30, 1840 by Eduard Blásy, Ján Ruman Driečny d. Ä. |
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The Rysy (German Meeraugspitze ) is a mountain on the Polish-Slovakian border in the High Tatras . It has three peaks. The highest point is in Slovakia and reaches a height of 2503 m nm. The north-west peak is the highest mountain in Poland with 2499.6 m npm . The southeast summit reaches 2473 m .
Location and surroundings
The state border runs over the north ridge and the west ridge; The east wall and southwest flank belong to Slovakia, the northwest flank to Poland. The main peak is just south of the meeting point of the north and west ridge. The Rysy lies on the main ridge of the Tatra Mountains . Below the summit are three valleys, the Fischseetal (Dolina Rybiego Potoku) in the northwest, the Bialkatal (Dolina Białki) in the northeast and the Mengsdorf Valley in the south. There are numerous climbing routes in its approx. 500 m high northeast face.
The Meeraugspitze is separated from the summit of the Dénesspitze (Niżnie Rysy) in the north by the Meeraugscharte (Przełęcz pod Rysami) and from the Simonturm (Żabi Koń) to the west by the Froschseejoch (Żabia Przełęcz).
etymology
The Polish and Slovak name Rysy is derived from the couloirs on its northern slopes above the mountain lake Czarny Staw pod Rysami . Rysy is the Polish word for "cracks", so it can be translated as "cracks in the mountainside". The name was already used in the early 19th century and initially referred to all peaks around the mountain lake Czarny Staw pod Rysami. At the end of the 19th century only the Rysy and the Niżnie Rysy were called that.
The German name Rysy derives from the northwest (on the Polish side) of the mountain located Karsee called Meerauge from (Polish Morskie Oko ). It had been in use since the mid-19th century. Also Tytus Chałubiński used in the 19th century, the Polish version Morskooki Szczyt . Some of the numerous cirque lakes in the High Tatras are called oko in Polish (German: eye , plural: oka or oczy , reduction of Oczko ), especially if they have a round shape, e.g. B. Wole Oko , Morskie Oko , Małe Morskie Oko , Żabie Oko , Małe Żabie Oko , Kosowinowe Oczko , Waksmundzkie Oka . Larger lakes, which are asymmetrical in shape, are usually called staw (German: "Teich" , singular: stawy ) in Polish and pleso (plural: plesa ) in Slovak , e.g. B. Wielki Staw Polski , Czarny Staw pod Rysami , Czarny Staw Gąsienicowy .
Flora and fauna
Despite its height, the Rysy has a colorful flora and fauna. There are 63 types of plants, especially high alpine flowers and grasses. In addition to insects and mollusks and birds of prey, marmots and chamois also visit the summit. Even foxes have been seen on the Rysy.
Ascents
First ascents:
- Summer - Eduard Blásy and Ján Ruman Driečny on July 30, 1840. In the 19th century there was a memorial plaque in honor of Eduard Blásy on the top.
- Winter - Theodor Wundt and Jakob Horvay , April 10, 1884
In 1899 Maria Skłodowska-Curie and Pierre Curie climbed the Rysy from the Polish (then Austrian) side.
In 1913 and 1914, Vladimir Ilyich Lenin was on the summit several times when he lived in Poronin , at the northern foot of the Tatra Mountains in what was then Galicia . In 1952, the hiking trail from Zakopane over the sea eye to the Rysy was named after him as the Lenin Trail . A plaque in honor of his ascent on the Rysy has been destroyed several times. It no longer exists.
When climbing the Rysy on the Polish side alone, more than 50 people have died in an accident. The greatest disaster on the Polish side of the Tatras occurred on January 28, 2003, when eight hikers were killed in an avalanche.
tourism
The Rysy is the most popular peak in the whole Tatras for hikers. On one side it is the highest mountain in the Tatras, and a hiking trail leads to it. On the other hand, the climb is moderately difficult, i. H. Also feasible for inexperienced mountaineers. Where it gets more difficult, there is an approx. 360 meter long chain-secured section on the Polish side. When ascending from the Polish side, over 1100 meters in altitude from the Meerauge mountain lake (refuge) and over 1500 meters in altitude from the parking lot at the edge of the national park must be overcome. The last 900 meters of altitude have an average gradient of 30 °. Even in summer there is often snow on the northern slope in shady areas of the hiking trail.
However, the Rysy is especially popular because of the panorama from the mountain top. In good weather conditions the visibility is approx. 200 km. So you can see not only the voivodeship capital Kraków in the north (approx. 90 km), but also the peaks of the Bieszczady (200 km) in the east in the Polish-Slovakian-Ukrainian triangle. Altogether you can see over 80 Tatra peaks and approx. 50 peaks of the surrounding mountain ranges as well as 13 larger mountain lakes. Up until 2007 there was a border crossing at the summit, which has become obsolete after Poland and Slovakia joined the Schengen area . The Polish-Slovak border can now be crossed anywhere. However, the administrations of the national parks stipulate that only marked hiking trails are available for hikers without special permission.
Routes to the summit
The Rysy is the highest mountain in the High Tatras and the whole Tatras, to which a marked hiking trail leads. The hiking trail leads on both sides of the border from Poland over the summit to Slovakia and vice versa. It should be noted, however, that the hiking trails on the Slovak side are closed from the beginning of November to mid-June. During this time, advancement is only possible on the Polish side.
- ▬ The hard red marked path leads on the Polish side of the contactor hut Schronisko PTTK nad Morskim Okiem 1410 m NPM on lake Meerauge 1395 m NPM on the banks edge past the waterfall Dwoista Siklawa and then along the mountain stream Czarnostawiański Potok with the waterfalls Czarnostawiańska Siklawa the lake Czarny Staw pod Rysami 1583 m npm up. The path leads on the east bank of the mountain lake and from there the ascent in the north face of the massif leads first to the summit Bula pod Rysami 2054 m npm and then in the Kocioł pod Rysami basin and then on a chain- secured path to the summit of Rysy. The ascent from the refuge on the Meerauge mountain lake takes a good four hours, and the descent three hours. The difference in altitude is over 1100 m from the Meerauge mountain lake and approx. 1500 m from the parking lot on the edge of the Tatra National Park on the Palenica Białczańska mountain pasture.
- ▬ The easier ascent is from Slovakia: from Popradské pleso 1494 m nm or from the “Popradské Pleso” train stop of the Tatrabahn Electric Railway ,which is an hour's walk below, via Chata pod Rysmi ( 2250 m Rysy Hut) to the south ridge and over this easily to the summit (difficulty level T3 ). The hiking trail is closed from late autumn to early summer.
Winter sports
There are no ski areas on the Rysy. However, the hiking trails are not closed on the Polish side in winter. There is enough snow regularly from November to April. It is therefore possible to ski or snowboard down on the marked hiking trail from the Rysy "off-piste" if you first accept the ascent with winter sports equipment. The descent is very difficult, the first 900 meters in altitude must be overcome on a slope with an average gradient of 30 °. There is often a risk of avalanches. Cross-country skiing or snowshoeing can also be practiced on the marked hiking trails on the Rysy slope. The starting point is always the year-round open refuge at the Meerauge mountain lake.
panorama
literature
- Zofia Radwańska-Paryska, Witold Henryk Paryski: Wielka encyklopedia tatrzańska , Poronin, Wyd. Górskie, 2004, ISBN 83-7104-009-1 .
- Tatry Wysokie słowackie i polskie. Mapa turystyczna 1: 25.000, Warszawa, 2005/06, Polkart ISBN 83-87873-26-8 .
Web links
supporting documents
- ↑ Zofia Radwańska-Paryska, Witold Henryk Paryski, Wielka encyklopedia Tatrzańska, 2004 Wydawnictwo Górskie, Poronin ISBN 83-7104-009-1
- ↑ Zofia Radwańska-Paryska, Witold Henryk Paryski, Wielka encyklopedia Tatrzańska, 2004 Wydawnictwo Górskie, Poronin ISBN 83-7104-009-1