Przeworsk culture

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Przeworsk culture
Age : Iron age
Absolutely : approx. end of 3rd century BC Until the middle of the 5th century AD

expansion
Archeological cultures in Northern and Central Europe at the late pre-Roman Iron Age.png
late pre-roman iron age:

dark green - Nordic group
dark red - Jastorf culture
ocher yellow - Harpstedt-Nienburger group
orange - Celtic groups ( La Tène culture )
yellow-green - Przeworsk culture
bright green - house urn culture
pale red - bar ceramic culture
purple - West Baltic tumulus culture
turquoise - Zarubintsy culture bright red
- Estonian group
bright red - Guben group of Jastorf culture,
brown - Oksywie culture,
light brown - Getic and Thracian groups,
yellow - Poieneşti-Lukaševka culture (influenced by Przeworsk and Jastorf cultures)

Leitforms

Ceramic with meanders

Przeworsk culture (older names: Oder-Warthe group for the early phases of the Przeworsk culture, in Germany traditionally Vandal culture ) is the name of an Iron Age archaeological culture in the area of ​​today's Poland between Warthe / Netze , Oder , Bug and Carpathian arch . The culture is named after a burial ground near Przeworsk in the Podkarpackie voivodeship . The bearers of this culture were probably East Germanic tribes known from historical sources, such as the Vandals , Burgundians and Lugians .

The culture existed from around the end of the 3rd century BC. BC to the middle of the 5th century AD At the same time, at the beginning of the 1st century, the Wielbark culture spread to the east of the Vistula catchment area .

Emergence

The Przeworsk culture emerged from the facial urn culture through strong influences from the Celtic Latène culture . The custom of adding weapons to graves was adopted by the Celts as an expression of an emerging warriorism. From here this custom, like other Latène influences, later found its way into the southern area of ​​the Jastorf culture and the Oksywie culture . Equipping women's graves with jewelry and costume components is also common in the Przeworsk culture.

features

Characteristic finds are initially hand-formed, later disc-turned clay pots, which were decorated with meanders . Faceted edges of the vessels also show the area in which the Przeworsk culture v. a. in the west. The settlements were mostly located in river valleys and consisted of rows of houses or groups of buildings arranged around a central square. In a book published in 2007, the Polish archaeologist Artur Błażejewski points to a relationship between the Przeworsk culture and the Iron Age culture of the Rhine-Weser region.

Spread of culture

Influences of the Przeworsk culture can be found in the Lausitz lying Guben group and in Poieneşti-Lukaševka culture on the territory of modern Moldova . Przeworsk settlements next to and pottery finds in local sites are in the 2nd century BC. In the Elbe Germanic area around the Middle Elbe and Saale . To a lesser extent, in the 1st century BC BC Przeworsk finds can also be found in the still Celtic Wetterau , which is interpreted as the settlement of parts of the population who immigrated from the east. In contrast, isolated finds of Przeworsk ceramics in the large Celtic oppida such as Manching and Staré Hradisko indicate mobility of individuals or small groups .

gallery

  • Costume of the Celts in the 3rd to 1st centuries BC In southern Poland (Archaeological Museum Krakow)

  • Wandal grave finds from southern Poland (Archaeological Museum Krakow)

  • East Germanic costume of the vandals in the middle of the 2nd century. (Krakow Archaeological Museum)

  • East Germanic men's fire grave (2nd half of 2nd century) from southern Poland (Archaeological Museum Krakow)

  • Vessels, Sakrau (2nd half of 2nd century) from Silesia ( The Silesian Museum in Kattowitz )

  • Hasdingian men's fire grave from Prusiek, East Beskids, exhibited in the Historical Museum in Sanok

literature

Web links

Commons : Przeworsk culture  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Remarks

  1. ^ Heinrich Beck , Heiko Steuer , Dieter Timpe (Red.): Die Germanen. Germania, Germanic antiquity (= real dictionary of Germanic antiquity ). De Gruyter, Berlin 1998, ISBN 3-11-016383-7 , p. 145. The original hatching has been replaced by colors.
  2. ^ A b Teresa Dąbrowska :  Przeworsk Culture. In: Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde (RGA). 2nd Edition. Volume 23, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2003, ISBN 3-11-017535-5 , pp. 540-553.
  3. ↑ Artur Błażejewski: Kultura przeworsk a Reńsko-wezerska strefa kulturowa. 2007, p. 199: (...) the help of criteria organized on the basis of analysis of finds from Przeworsk culture territory in a comparison against material from the Rhine.
  4. ^ Mathias Seidel : Settlement finds of the Przeworsk culture from Hanau-Mittelbuchen, Main-Kinzig-Kreis, Hessen. A contribution to the late La Tène culture and population conditions in the Wetterau. In: Old Thuringia. 33. 1999, pp. 181-230 ( zs.thulb.uni-jena.de ).