Carl Adolf von Carlowitz

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Carl Adolf von Carlowitz, Lord of Großhartmannsdorf and Liebstadt . Kuckuckstein Castle can be seen in the background on the right . Portrayed by Anton Graff in 1805 .

Carl Adolf von Carlowitz (born July 21, 1771 in Großhartmannsdorf , † January 20, 1837 in Breslau ) was a Prussian lieutenant general and governor of Breslau, and also second majorate on Großhartmannsdorf and Liebstadt .

Life

origin

His parents were Hans Karl August von Carlowitz (1727–1793) and his first wife Johanne Agnes Frederike, born von der Schulenburg (1753–1785). His father was majorate in Großhartmannsdorf, Liebstadt with Wingendorf, Herbergen, Göppersdorf, Döbra and Berthelsdorf, on Oberschöna and Oberreichenbach and, since 1784, Kirchbach and Steina. Carl Adolf was the eldest son, but his brothers were also able to rise to influential positions:

  • Hans Georg (1772–1840), Privy Councilor and Minister of State
  • Friedrich August Wendelin (1774–1841), chamberlain, war, domain and economy director in Saxony-Coburg
  • Franz Gottlob Ernst (1779–1808), Premier Lieutenant in the Garde du Corps
  • Hans Heinrich Adolf Job (1787–1865), Saxon major a. D., chairman of the knighthood of Wurzen Abbey

His youngest brother comes from his father's second marriage in 1786 to Christiane Adolfine von Carlowitz (1760-1806).

Military career

Carlowitz was prepared for military service early on. After thorough training by private tutors, he was retired from a Saxon artillery officer. From there he came on February 28, 1786 as a cornet in the cuirassier regiment "Elector" of the Saxon Army . It was garrisoned near his home in Marienberg. On March 23, 1791, he was transferred to the Garde du Corps as Premier Lieutenant . In the First Coalition War Carlowitz fought at the siege of Mainz and rose to Rittmeister by 1797 . When his father died in 1797, he decided to get married and to retire to his estates. Carlowitz devoted himself to the sciences and maintained correspondence with numerous scholars. But Napoleon's triumphal march also reached Saxony and in 1809 Carlowitz returned to the army as Rittmeister. He became adjutant to Lieutenant General Zezschwitz . This led the Saxon cavalry in the Fifth Coalition War with the French against the Austrians. He fought near Linz and Amstädten. For the Battle of Wagram Carlowitz received the Knight's Cross of the Military Order of St. Heinrich . He was promoted to major and was given the task of forming a hunter battalion. Carlowitz became lieutenant colonel and commander of this troop on July 6, 1812 . The battalion was initially garrisoned in Torgau and was therefore not drawn into the downfall of the Grande Armée . In 1813 Carlowitz went to Dresden, where he met the Russian Tsar Alexander . He sent him to Prague to see the Saxon king to negotiate an alliance. The attempts failed. He returned to the Allies and, after the Battle of Bautzen , Carlowitz entered the Russian service on November 1, 1813 as Major General.

After the Battle of the Nations near Leipzig , a general government was established in Saxony under Repnin . Carlowitz became chief of warfare and leader of the " Banner of the Voluntary Saxons ". The Saxons came to the 5th Army Corps under Saxe-Coburg and took part in the siege of Mainz in 1814. After the Peace of Paris , Carlowitz was called to Paris by the Tsar and then went to Vienna with him. He had a good relationship with the Prussian Minister von Stein and was able to mediate between the Prussians and Russians. During the Congress of Vienna , Carlowitz switched to Prussian service on April 17, 1815 and received the Order of St. Anne I from the Tsar .

When Napoleon came to the mainland from Elba , Carlowitz was sent to General Frimont in Italy by the Prussian king on June 21, 1815 as an agent at the Austrian headquarters. In the campaign of 1815 he fought in southern France. After the war he was appointed inspector of the Landwehr on October 3, 1815. His quarters were initially in Halle, then in Merseburg. Carlowitz also had a good relationship with General Kleist von Nollendorf . In Halle he also maintained lively contact with the university professors. On February 22, 1820, he became the commander of the 8th Landwehr Brigade. On January 18, 1821 he received the Order of the Red Eagle III. Class and on May 29, 1821 he was transferred to Magdeburg as 1st Commandant, where he was given the character of Lieutenant General on March 30, 1822 . On August 3, 1824, he was transferred to Mainz as Vice Governor , where he was granted a patent for his rank on October 24, 1824 . On January 25, 1825, Carlowitz was awarded the Order of the Red Eagle II. Class with Oak Leaves. He also received the service cross on August 30, 1825 and the Hessian Order of Ludwig on March 7, 1827 .

In 1829 the Mainz fortress was handed over to Austria and Carlowitz was transferred to the Breslau fortress as governor on October 22, 1829. From the Austrians he received the Order of the Iron Crown, 1st class. His king awarded him the Order of the Red Eagle First Class. In the summer of 1836 Carlowitz fell ill with dropsy. The disease was believed to have been overcome when he died on January 20, 1837. He was first buried on January 24th in the garrison cemetery, but on the orders of his brother Friedrich August he was transferred to the family estate and buried there.

Others

From 1804, Carlowitz was a member of the Dresden Masonic Lodge " To the three swords and true friends " and made Kuckuckstein Castle a meeting place for Freemasons. He promoted writers such as Novalis and the poet Heinrich von Kleist . During the poet's stay in Dresden, Carlowitz supported him financially and gave him the privilege of publishing the magazine Phöbus in Kuckuckstein.

family

Maria Josepha von Pötting and Persing (1776–1834)

On November 23, 1796, he married Countess Maria Josepha von Pötting and Persing (1776–1834). The couple had four sons and three daughters, including:

  • Marie Josepha Henriette Karoline (1798–1859) ⚭ 1821 Rudolf Wilhelm von Schönberg († 1851)
  • Karl Gustav Adolf (1800–1848), was in Prussian, Russian and Turkish services
  • Friedrich Paul Aemil (1801–1851), Herr auf Großhartmannsdorf, Legation Councilor and Chargé d'affaires at the Saxon court ⚭ 1837 August Marie Henriette Leopoldine von Seelhorst (1817–1852)
  • Georg Karl (1802–1860), Major a. D. ⚭ 1850 Marie Friedrike Oppermann Dithfurt (1825–1887), the widow married Hans Ludwig von Schönberg-Pötting, a Saxon retired colonel in 1862. D.
  • Moritz Kurt Christoph (1803–1833), second lieutenant
  • Bertha Rudolfine Konstantine (1805–1832)
  • Adolfine Charlotte Sophie (1809–1881) ⚭ 1843 Heinrich Wilhelm Heilborn von Born, Major a. D., nobility 1843

literature
personal data
SURNAME Carlowitz, Carl Adolf von
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Prussian lieutenant general
DATE OF BIRTH July 21, 1771
PLACE OF BIRTH Großhartmannsdorf
DATE OF DEATH January 20, 1837
Place of death Wroclaw