Tharandt Castle
| Tharandt Castle | |
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_2006-05-11.jpg) View from the castle pond to the castle ruins and the church in Tharandt |
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| Creation time : | 1206-1215, 1240-1256, 1475-1476 |
| Castle type : | Höhenburg, spur location |
| Conservation status: | Vaults, enclosing walls |
| Standing position : | Count |
| Construction: | Gneiss, Grillenburg sandstone |
| Place: | Tharandt |
| Geographical location | 50 ° 58 '55.7 " N , 13 ° 34' 50.3" E |
The Castle Tharandt is the ruin of a major for the Saxon history Spur castle on a from Schloitzbach and the Wild Weißeritz reflowed spur in the city Tharandt in Freital in District Saxon Switzerland-Eastern Ore Mountains . It is a site of the romantic castles of the 19th / 20th centuries. Century. Only a few structural remains have been preserved. The Tharandt Castle next to the castle ruins, on the other hand, is a romantic residential castle in Tudor style from the 19th century that has been rebuilt several times .
Tharandt Castle
According to the legend, according to the historian Adam Ursinus (1524–90), Tharandt Castle was first mentioned in 1190 as the banner of St. George , under Landgrave Ludwig III. von Thuringia fought and died in the Third Crusade , flew out of the window in a fire and disappeared. The Georgenkirche Eisenach was built to commemorate this event .
Today it is certain that after the destruction of the neighboring Thorun Castle between 1206 and 1215 , Margrave Dietrich von Meißen had Tharandt Castle built as a small defense system to protect against the Burgraves of Dohna , who had their border castles in Rabenau and Ruppendorf . At the same time, another representative facility was built in the neighboring Grillenburg , in the Tharandt forest . Both plants were probably named together in a document in 1294 as ... Tarant, duo castra ...
The margrave appointed a ministerial at Tharandt Castle as bailiff, who probably came from the castle crew in Döbeln . In 1216 he was mentioned in a document as the castle captain Boriwo de Tarant and is until 1242 a. a. also provable as the founder of Pohrsdorf and the no longer existing castle Pohrsdorf .
When Dietrich was murdered in 1221, Landgrave Ludwig IV of Thuringia took over the guardianship of his son Heinrich . In order to secure Heinrich's claim to the margraviate of Meißen , Ludwig led a military campaign in the margraviate of Meißen in 1224. He stormed Tharandt Castle. The castle burned down during the storm.
Under Margrave Heinrich the Illustrious , the castle, which still exists today, was built from 1240 to 1256. The only access at that time was at the lower castle, today's staircase to the church. Heinrich stayed at the castle many times in the following years. One can assume that he has expanded his favorite stay in a representative way. However, this can also apply to the neighboring complex of the same name in Grillenburg at the time , as Tharandt Castle was a difficult-to-access border castle that did not even have a well.
In 1316 the Margraves Waldemar and Jan von Brandenburg were named as tenants of the castle by the Meissen Abbey . 1,350 are in man book Frederick the Severe Friedrich and Heinrich von Tharandt lords.
Between 1371 and 1400 the castle was pledged to the Counts of Schönburg . During this time, the fortifications were expanded so that the castle was considered one of the strongest in the country. It also served as the official seat of the Tharandt Office .
The account books of the castle bailiffs, which have been available since 1399, do not reveal any major construction work on the castle for the beginning of the 15th century. Because the castle lost its border protection function after the Dohna feud . In the main recession (contract) of Naumburg in 1410, Tharandt Landgrave Friedrich the Younger was awarded.
During the Hussite invasion of 1429 Tharandt was contested. Due to its strength, important documents and valuables of the electoral house were kept in the castle. In 1436 the castle was equipped with additional firearms. Compared to other castles in the country, it had a strong occupation.
Only in the late 15th century can it be assumed that the Duchess Sidonie was given a more homely interior , who from 1476 temporarily resided in the castle and had her widow's residence there from 1500 . In order to enable more convenient access to the castle, a new castle entrance that can also be used for horse-drawn carriages was created. To this end, a new gate with a drawbridge was broken into the wall of the upper castle's palace on the mountain side and a bastion was built on the moat to protect it from it . From this time on, the castle is also called a palace .
Sidonie (Zděnka) was the daughter of the Bohemian King George of Podebrady and became the wife of Duke Albrechts on November 11, 1459 in Eger to seal the Treaty of Eger, which was concluded on April 25, 1459 . The consummation of the marriage (supplement) took place on May 11, 1464 at Tharandt Castle.
Palasrest of the upper castle
Remains of the tower at the Palas of the Upper Castle
View of the lower castle with the church
Memorial plaque on the upper castle
After Sidonia's death on February 1st, 1510 in Tharandt, the castle was no longer inhabited. Doors and windows were removed and reused in the Grillenburg hunting lodge , where the seat of the Tharandt Office , now called Grillenburg Office , was relocated in 1558 . Lightning struck in 1568. In 1572 the roofing slate was dismantled for further use for Annaburg Castle near Torgau . After the demolition permit from Elector “Father” August von Sachsen was granted in 1579, the demolition of the walls for the extraction of building material by the population and the transfer of ownership of the complex to the municipality began in 1582. The town and mountain church , consecrated in 1631 and called the Holy Cross since 1927, was built on the walls or using parts of the lower castle (Schösserei) .
Room of the former lower castle on the gallery in the church
Staircase of the former lower castle to the gallery in the church
Entrance room of the former lower castle as a foyer in the church
Romanesque entrance portal of the church made of Grillenburg sandstone in the style of the golden gate of Freiberg Cathedral , which comes from the castle
Around 1800 the remaining ruins of the castle were secured in the spirit of castle romanticism , vaults were filled in and trees were planted. Between 1790 and 1850, almost every famous painter, draftsman or engraver (including Ludwig Richter , Caspar David Friedrich , Adrian Zingg , Carl Blechen ) immortalized the ruins in their pictures. In the second half of the 20th century, an open-air theater was built on the grounds of the upper castle. From 1976 the local castle association began to archaeologically examine the castle ruins, which are owned by the city and the parish of Tharandt , and to renovate them again in accordance with historical requirements.
But it wasn't until 2013 that u. a. With the support of the Ostdeutsche Sparkassenstiftung and the Ostsächsische Sparkasse Dresden, the thorough renovation of the castle ruins begin. On this occasion, partnership agreements were also concluded with Poděbrady , the birthplace of the Sidonia of Bohemia, and their wedding location with Duke Albrecht, Cheb . During the city festivals there were several medieval markets with encampments in the castle ruins, supplemented by guided tours through the area to the church and the exposed cellar vault. In the summer months, the open church also invites visitors outside of church services and concerts.
Tharandt Castle
The new Tharandt Castle rises next to the castle ruins . This city palace was built in 1858–1861 by the sculptor Waldemar Ariel Graf von der Recke -Volmerstein (1831–79) instead of a country house as a studio. In 1866 it was acquired by the Polish botanist, painter and art collector as well as the royal Prussian chamberlain and graduate of the Berlin Friedrich Wilhelms University Michael Jérôme Graf Leszczyc -Sumiński (1820–98), married to Anne Elisabeth Hudson (1830–74) and in his first marriage second marriage to Baroness Caroline von Recum , b. von Langsdorff (1832–1908), whose coat of arms can be found above the tower entrance. He rebuilt it in the Moorish-Oriental Tudor style and bequeathed it to his stepson Baron Franz von Recum (1863–1930) in 1898. One of the numerous subsequent owners was the gold maker and fraudster Franz Tausend . In 1936 the castle got its current appearance after a fire. Between 1937 and 2000 it was used by a. various institutions of the Tharandt Forestry School (today Dresden University of Technology , Tharandt Forest Science Department). It has been privately owned since 2002 and is gradually being renovated, which has largely been completed inside.
Castle ruins and palace around 1900
Michael Jérôme Count Leszczyc-Sumiński, self-portrait around 1850
View from the castle ruins to the castle (around 1900)
View from the castle ruins to the castle (2012)
The State Office for the Preservation of Monuments in Saxony has registered both the castle ruins and Tharandt Castle as cultural monuments .
literature
- Friedrich Schlenkert: Description of Tharand 1797 , Tharandter historical booklets, publisher. Verschönerungsverein Tharandt, No. 1, Tharandt 1995
- Paula Nobbe: Thorand Castle , 2nd edition, Dresden 1915
- Béla Bélafi: "From the castle to the bathing town" - history and stories of Tharandt 1st part (until 1800) , Tharandt historical booklets, published by the Tharandt beautification association, booklet 4, Tharandt 1998
- Raimund Adam: Tharandt Castle in the Saxon State History , Castle Research from Saxony, Issue 11 (1998), Verlag Beier & Beran, ISBN 3-930036-31-2
- Cheap Gerhard, Müller Heinz: Castles, witnesses of Saxon history , Degener, Neustadt ad Aisch 1998. ISBN 3-7686-4191-0
- Hans and Doris Maresch: Sachsens Schlösser und Burgen , Husum-Verlag, 2004, p. 243
- Reinhard Spehr: The margrave hunting seat Tharandt-Grillenburg near Dresden , research on castles and palaces, Volume 9, publisher Wartburg Society for research on castles and palaces, Eisenach 2006, ISBN 978-3-422-06569-7
- Karlheinz Blaschke: Historical Directory of Saxony , Leipziger Universitätsverlag GmbH, Leipzig 2006
- Heinrich Magirius , Norbert Oelsner , Reinhard Spehr : Grillenburg , State Office for Monument Preservation Saxony, Workbook 10, Dresden 2006, ISBN 978-3-937602-85-1
- Matthias Donath: Palaces in Dresden and the surrounding area , Edition Sächsische Zeitung, Dresden 2012, p. 40
- Susanne Sodan: New shine for Sidonie's castle , Sächsische Zeitung, Freital, August 30, 2013, p. 8 and New shine for the castle of the king's daughter Sidonie , Freie Presse, Freiberg, August 30, 2013, p. 10
- Silvio Kuhnert: Tharandt secures its landmark - the castle ruins are being restored , Dresden Latest News, Culture, August 30, 2013
- Heinz Fiedler: The great swindle of Franz Tausend , Sächsische Zeitung, Freital edition, September 19, 2013, p. 20.
- Franz Werfel: Congratulations, Tharandt! , Sächsische Zeitung, Freital edition, January 21, 2016, p. 16.
Web links
- Castle and History Association Tharandt eV
- Reconstruction drawing by Wolfgang Braun
Individual evidence
- ^ Johann Burckhardt Mencke (Ed.): Scriptores rerum Germanicarum , Volume III, Leipzig 1730, pp. 1272-1273.
- ↑ L. Bönhoff: Das Hersfelder Eigen in the Mark Meissen , New Archive for Saxon History, Vol. 44, 1923, p. 31 m. Note 1