Tharandt Forestry University
The Tharandt Forestry University is a forestry educational institution steeped in tradition , which was affiliated to the Dresden Technical University in 1929 . It was founded as a private forestry school between 1785 and 1795 in Zillbach, Thuringia, by Johann Heinrich Cotta and moved with him to Tharandt in 1811 . After lengthy bureaucratic negotiations, it became the Royal Saxon Forest Academy in 1816 . Today it belongs to the Faculty of Environmental Sciences at the Technical University of Dresden as a field of forest science and is one of the oldest forest faculties in the world. Because of this long tradition, Tharandt is also called the forest town .
history
In the 18th century , due to the rapid development of mining and metallurgy , the demand for wood rose sharply in Saxony . The result was overexploitation and partial devastation of the existing forests. In order to remedy this, regulated forestry , which only existed in the beginning, should be introduced and developed. The Saxon government therefore endeavored to win the well-known Thuringian forester Johann Heinrich Cotta for the director position of the Saxon forest surveying institute, which became vacant in 1809 . After examining all the circumstances, Cotta agreed on the condition that he could continue his forestry school. He chose the seat of Tharandt on the grounds: "Without forest and its use, a forestry school can just as little flourish as a mining academy without a mine." In 1810, he was appointed the new head of their forest surveying institute by the royal Saxon administration under Friedrich August I. moved to Tharandt with his forestry school in the spring of 1811.
On May 24, 1811 Cotta was able to reopen his private forest teaching institute there. In addition to Cotta, who taught the forestry disciplines, Johann Adam Reum , professor of mathematics and teacher of surveying, drawing and botany, came to Tharandt. Reum immediately began laying out what is now the world's oldest forest botanical garden . In 1814 Karl Leberecht Krutzsch (1772-1852), professor and teacher of natural sciences, was hired. The lectures took place in the professors' private rooms or outdoors. In order to make good use of the capacities in joint basic studies, an agricultural department was set up at the academy in 1830, but it was moved to the University of Leipzig in 1869 .
As a result of the Wars of Liberation , the number of students fell sharply, so that financial difficulties endangered the continued existence of the school. Cotta therefore tried to hand over the school to the state. Since the latter was interested in qualified specialists, the Royal Saxon Forest Academy was opened on June 17, 1816 , of which Cotta was the first director until his death in 1844.
Cotta was now able to pay the professors, but money for the construction of a teaching building was not approved. The Schweizerhaus in the forest garden was not built for teaching purposes until 1842 . The academy building , now known as the old building , was built in 1847–49 according to plans by Oberlandbaumeister Karl Moritz Haenel (1809–1880). In 1904 the forest academy was raised to the rank of university and received the right to habilitation.
On April 1, 1929, the Tharandt Forestry University became part of the Technical University (TH) Dresden (renamed Technical University Dresden in 1961), with a certain degree of independence being maintained. Integration was not completed until 1941, when it was promoted to the rank of faculty.
Forest botanical garden
The Forest Botanical Garden is a facility of the Technical University of Dresden and at the same time the Saxon state arboretum . It houses individual trees and has been greatly expanded to include North American forest formations since 1997 . It is easily accessible from Dresden. A special feature is the close connection with the forest science faculty of the Technical University of Dresden. It is led by Andreas Roloff and the curator Ulrich Pietzarka. A support association contributes to the financing.
In 1990 the forest botanical garden shows species and subspecies of woody plants on 34 hectares of foothills ; Only 240 species are native to Central Europe . In the historical eastern part, mainly traditional single trunk collections are shown, in the new western part prototypical forest formations that make the structures and dynamics of naturally grown forests recognizable.
Forest Zoology
Karl Leberecht Krutzsch (1772–1852), who had been teaching here since 1813 , was appointed one of the first professors in 1816. On his initiative, the forest academy was attached to an agricultural school in 1830. From now on it was called the Academy for Forestry and Agriculture in Tharandt . Until 1849 Krutzsch read chemistry, physics, agricultural technology, geology, mineralogy and forestry soil science. In 1830 Emil Adolf Roßäßler (1806–1867) accepted a professorship in Tharandt, but retired in 1849 for political reasons. From 1850–1855 Friedrich von Stein (1818–1885) held a chair in zoology and botany. Together with the botanist Heinrich Moritz Willkomm (1821–1895), who was a professor of natural history at Tharandt, Stein made great contributions to building up an extensive insect collection and collections of feeding pictures, larvae, pupae and cocoons, which mainly comprised forest pests.
Hinrich Nitsche (1845–1902) held the first own chair for zoology since 1876 . Together with the forest scientist Johann Friedrich Judeich (1828-1894), who had been director of the academy since 1866, Nitsche devoted himself particularly to forest insects. The joint work culminated in a revision of the first volume by Julius Theodor Christian Ratzeburg's Die Waldverderber und their enemies , the textbook of Central European Forest Insectology and a significant expansion of the entomological collections.
Another important zoologist at the school was Karl Escherich (1871–1951), who worked in Tharandt from 1907 to 1914. During this time he founded the Society for Applied Entomology and the Journal for Applied Entomology . In Tharandt he also began work on his four-volume work Die Forstinsekten Mitteleuropas . The last rector of the institution, which was elevated to the Tharandt Forestry University in 1904, was Heinrich Prell (1888–1962), who dealt not only with entomology but also with fur animal science. It is thanks to him that the institution was granted the right to award doctorates and, when it was incorporated into the Dresden University of Technology in 1929, it was not dissolved due to cost-cutting measures. As dean of the Faculty of Forestry at the Technical University, Prell prevented the Tharandt site from being closed again after 1945.
Institute for Plant and Wood Chemistry
The Institute of Plant and Wood Chemistry Tharandt deals with issues of plant chemistry , wood chemistry , Immissionsforschung and agricultural chemistry . The focus is on flue gas research and natural product chemistry , especially cellulose research , and at times also on wood extracts. The institute has 20 employees, including five doctoral students. The outstanding research results include the early detection of the connection between smoke gases and vegetation damage and the development of a lattice chimney to improve the swirling of smoke gases. A series of investigations by Hans Wislicenus is considered to be the basic literature on vegetation damage. Hans-Günther Däßler's summary description, Influence of air pollution on vegetation - causes, effects and countermeasures , established itself as a textbook and standard work at the end of the 20th century.
Teacher
In alphabetic order
- Carl Heinrich Edmund von Berg (1800–1874), Go. Oberforstrat, 1845–1866 2nd director of the Academy for Forestry and Farmers
- Robert Bernhard (1862–1943), forest scientist
- Friedrich August von Cotta (1799-1860), forest scientist
- Heinrich Cotta (1763–1844), opened his private forestry school in Tharandt in 1811, which later became the Royal Saxon Academy for Forestry and Farmers, 1st Academy Director, Oberforstrat
- Hans-Günther Däßler , pollution researcher
- Anton Heger (1887–1964), forest scientist
- Gottfried Hempel-Falkenhagen (since 1989 professor for biometrics and forest informatics, founded the Tharandt computer station in 1972, institute director for forest growth and forest informatics)
- Eberhardt Hengst (1917–1996), lecturer in crop science, silviculture and forest protection
- Franz Heske (1928–1940), Professor of Forest Science, 1931 founder of the Institute for Foreign and Colonial Forestry (moved to Reinbek in 1940 )
- Felix Holldack (1880–1944), honorary professor of law
- Bruno Huber (1899-1969), was professor in 1934, led Germany in the modern dendrochronology a
- Reinhard Hugershoff (1882–1941), geodesist and pioneer of aerial photography, lecturer in Tharandt since 1910, professor of surveying and photogrammetry from 1912
- Johann Friedrich Judeich (1828–1894), 3rd Academy Director
- Erwin Kienitz (1902–1979), head of the Technical School for Forestry and the Institute for Forestry Economics, Dean
- Gustav Adolf Krauss (1888–1968), forest scientist and soil scientist
- Karl Leberecht Krutzsch (1772-1852), forest scientist
- Hermann Krutzsch (1819–1896), geologist, mineralogist
- Max Friedrich Kunze (1838–1921), professor of mathematics, forest surveying and experimentation
- Ernst Münch (1876–1946), 1921–1934 professor of forest botany and director of the forest botanical garden
- Max Neumeister (1849–1929), Go. Oberforstrat, 1882–1906 professor, 4th academy director
- Friedrich Nobbe (1830–1922), agricultural chemist, botanist and seed researcher, set up the world's first seed control station in 1869 and established seed testing
- Heinrich Prell (1888–1962), zoologist and forest scientist, last rector from 1927–1929
- Max Robert Preßler (1815–1886), 1840–1883 professor at the Royal Saxon Academy for Forestry and Farmers
- Johann Adam Reum (1780–1839), botanist, professor and teacher of mathematics, botany, drawing and surveying
- Andreas Roloff (* 1955), Professor of Forest Botany since 1994
- Emil Adolf Roßäßler (1806–1867), 1830–1849 professor of zoology and botany, 1848 member of the National Assembly
- Konrad Rubner (1886–1974), forest scientist
- Karl Hermann Rudorf (1823–1880), forest scientist
- Friedrich Christian Schlenkert (1757–1826), writer, professor of the German language
- Hugo Emil Schober (1820–1882), from 1847 professor of agriculture at the Academy for Foresters and Farmers, 1852–1870 also director of the academy's agricultural department
- Martin Schretzenmayr (1920–1991), Prof. for botany and nature conservation, a. a. Forest pollen analysis (Cotta Medal 1992)
- August Gottfried Schweitzer (1788–1854), professor and director
- Gerhard Stephan (* 1929), Prof. for Forest Use 1988 to 1992
- Julius Adolph Stöckhardt (1809–1886), chemist, agricultural scientist, founder of smoke damage research
- Harald Thomasius (1929–2017), chairman of the Society for Nature and Environment , which was founded in 1980 in the Kulturbund of the GDR
- Heinrich Vater (1859–1930), from 1887 to 1925 professor of mineralogy and geology at the Forest Academy, founder of forest soil science, site studies and forest fertilization
- Arnold Freiherr von Vietinghoff-Riesch (1895–1962), associate professor
- Philipp Weinmeister (1848–1910), mathematician, physicist, meteorologist
- Heinrich Wienhaus (1882–1959), chemist
- Otto Wienhaus , chemist
- Erich Zieger (1902–1960), Prof. for forest use
students
- Ernst Georg August Baumgarten , airship pioneer
- Richard Johann Ademar Ebenhöh (* December 27, 1855 in Weißenbach an der Triesting ; † May 27, 1927 in Landeck / Tyrol), surveying and forest engineer in the service of the Schwarzenberg dynasty (Franconian-Bohemian noble family) , adjunct in Murau / Styria and Winterberg ( Vimperk ), then forest administrator in Stubenbach (Prasily) and Langendorf (Dlouha Ves u Susice) in the Bohemian Forest
- Carsten Egeberg Borchgrevink , Norwegian Antarctic explorer
- Eberhard von Breitenbuch , Rittmeister, tried to shoot Adolf Hitler on March 11, 1944 during a meeting on Obersalzberg
- Walter Hase , forest historian, author of two standard works on the forest and forest history of Schleswig-Holstein
- Hermann Hellriegel , agricultural chemist
- Wilhelm Hertenstein , Federal President of Switzerland
- Gerd Hildebrandt
- Erdmann Achim Kamprad, immigrated to Sweden, grandfather of Ingvar Kamprad
- Maximilian von Klotz (1796–1864), German forester, from 1830 royal Saxon. Forester and raft supervisor in Bärenfels
- Elias Landolt , later professor of forestry in Zurich and chief forest master of the canton of Zurich
- Gotthilf August Freiherr von Maltitz (1794-1837), playwright and writer, had a first in Prussia in 1821 forester station received but later went to Berlin, Hamburg and Paris and settled in 1833 in Dresden down
- Friedrich von Mandelsloh , forester and geologist in Urach and Ulm
- Hans Ernst von Manteuffel (1799–1872), forester, the Manteuffel scholarship at the academy was named after him
- Friedrich Wilhelm Meschwitz , forest inspector in Dresden
- Adolphe Parade (1802–1864), French forest scientist, headed the newly founded Ecole forestiére in Nancy from 1834
- Carl Reuss
- Max Schreyer (1845–1922), chief forestry officer and poet of the song Dar Vuglbärbaam
- Siegmund Karl Ludwig Friedrich Hermann von Seckendorf-Gudent , killed his fellow student Otto Carl Werther in a duel in 1844 as a forest student
- Theophil spokesman von Bernegg (1850–1927), Swiss chief of staff in the First World War
- Carl Zinkernagel (1841–1887), head forester in Wermsdorf , member of the kgl.-sächs. Forest Inspection Commission
literature
- Busse: The Tharandt Forestry University . Communications of the Landesverein Sächsischer Heimatschutz , Volume XVII, Issue 7–8 / 1928, Dresden 1928, p. 308.
- Karl Hasel , Ekkehard Schwartz : Forest history. A floor plan for study and practice . 2nd updated edition. Kessel, Remagen 2002, ISBN 3-935638-26-4 , especially pp. 365-366.
- Walter Hunger (Red.): 175 years of forestry apprenticeship in Tharandt. 1811-1986. Scientific conference from October 8 to 10, 1986 in Tharandt . Brief presentations. Technical University of Dresden, Forestry Section, Dresden 1986.
- Bernhard Klausnitzer , M. Roth, K. Klass, M. Nuss (2005): On the history and situation of entomology in Dresden . DGaaE News 19 (1): 4-16.
- Harald Thomasius: History of the forest town Tharandt in pictures . Tharandt City Council and Cultural Association of the German Democratic Republic, Tharandt local group, Tharandt 1979.
- Heidi Müller, Frithof Paul: 175 years of forest training in Tharandt. Past and present of the forestry section of the Technical University of Dresden . Forestry Section of the TU Dresden, Tharandt 1986.
- Andreas Roloff, Ulrich Pietzarka: The Forest Botanical Garden Tharandt . Forest Botanical Garden Tharandt, TU Dresden. Atelier am Forstgarten, Tharandt 1996, ISBN 3-00-000572-2 .
- Ulrich Grober: The Eternal Forest, in: Die Zeit, July 24, 2008.
- Heinrich Diedler: Tharandt Forest Academy - history of the SC to Tharandt and its relationship to the neighboring senior citizens' convents (Leipzig, Freiberg and Dresden) . Einst und Jetzt , Vol. 59 (2014), pp. 439–473.
- Herbert Wilhelmi: Forest monuments in Saxony. Edited by Sächsischer Forstverein e. V. , Verlag Kessel, Remagen-Oberwinter, 1st edition 2014.
- The child of the forest and its school . In: The Gazebo . Issue 28, 1866, pp. 436–438 ( full text [ Wikisource ] - illustrated by Ferdinand Stolle ).
Web links
- The predecessors of forest zoology in Tharandt
- The history of the Tharandt teaching and research facility . (PDF, 226 kB)
swell
- Records of the Forest Academy, the Forest University and the Technical School for Forestry in Tharandt in the university archive of the Technical University of Dresden
Individual evidence
- ↑ Sächsisches Hauptstaatsarchiv Dresden, inventory 10052 Amt Grillenburg, No. 0368, 1844–1849