Carl Heinrich Edmund von Berg

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Carl Heinrich Edmund Freiherr von Berg
Memorial plaque of the Saxon Forest Association from 2012 on the granite stele on Meilerplatz in Tharandt

Carl Heinrich Edmund baron von Berg (also Karl Heinrich Edmund von Berg or short Edmund von Berg ; * the 30th November 1800 in Göttingen ; † 20th June 1874 in Schandau , Saxony ) was a German forest scientists and forest practitioners. He was the first author to give a detailed account of the welfare effects of the forest and to give this priority over pure wood production . He was also known for his fight against coniferous wood - monocultures in the Hanoverian mountain and hill country. He was a highly respected and important forester of the 19th century at home and abroad.

Life

The son of the lawyer and politician Günther Heinrich von Berg from the Oldenburg Berg family , attended the Adolfinum Bückeburg grammar school from 1810 and began studying at the Forest Academy in Drei 30acker (1815 to 1817) with Johann Matthäus Bechstein at the age of 15 . Until 1818 he continued his education at the University of Göttingen , where he studied natural sciences and law. After completing his practical training in Bückeburg in 1818 and in the Hanoverian Harzforest in Lautenthal in 1819 , he returned to Göttingen and passed the state forestry examination in 1820 .

In the same year he joined the state services of Hanover as a mining and forestry auditor at the Clausthal mining and forestry department . In 1821 von Berg became an assistant teacher at the newly established forestry school and taught the subjects of forest technology, entomology, natural history of hunting and hunting science. The strongly military-oriented school for the Feldjägerkorps , which emerged from the voluntary hunter associations of the wars of liberation, was affiliated with the Clausthaler Bergschule. Freiherr von Berg continued to teach until 1833, but also led forest excursions afterwards . In 1824 he was appointed forest clerk at the Forestry and Mining Office with a seat and vote, and in 1830 he was appointed head forester in Clausthal and first assistant in the Mining and Forestry Office. In 1833 he was transferred to Lauterberg as a real chief forester and head of the forest inspection department . He continued the master school founded by Johann Martin Wilhelm von Uslar for the practical training of young foresters.

In 1845 he followed a call as the Royal Saxon Forestry Council and Director of the Academy for Forestry and Farmers in Tharandt in Saxony, where he succeeded the late founder of the academy, Heinrich Cotta . He read the subjects state forest economics, forest management , forest use and forest history . From 1846 he also headed the editing of the Tharandt Academy Forestry Yearbook , which he also edited until 1864. Other publications by him appeared in the Allgemeine Forst und Jagdzeitung and later in the monthly for forest and hunting . In 1849 Freiherr von Berg became a member of the state culture council.

Berg was often called in to large-scale commissions , such as B. from the Russian government in Finland (1858) or in Poland (1865), and repeatedly toured Sweden , Norway , the Alpine countries , Hungary and Germany, about which he also wrote a series of forest-geographical travel reports .

Retired in 1866, Carl Heinrich Edmund Freiherr von Berg died on June 20, 1874 in Schandau. The Sächsische Forstverein eV dedicated a memorial plaque to him on the granite stele on October 13, 2012 on Meilerplatz in Tharandt on the granite stele made available in September 2011 by the Tharandter Wald eV Kurort Hartha and erected by the forest district .

Services

Carl Heinrich Edmund Freiherr von Berg was the first to go into detail on the influence of forests on the well-being and prosperity of people. In his Handbuch Staatsforstwirtschaftslehre (1850), the purely economic consideration of the forest, such as sustainable wood production, was only secondary to its welfare effects. According to von Berg, the state government must therefore primarily pursue this goal:

"The preservation of the forests to such an extent, in such a distribution in the country and in the localities, that their beneficial influences on the climate, fertility, health and beauty of the country appear to be secured."

It is therefore not surprising that he was a staunch opponent of the pure soil yield theory developed by Max Preßler . In addition, he particularly fought the excessive cultivation of coniferous trees . As early as 1834/1835 (in book form 1844) he had turned against the overgrown spruce cultivation in the Hanoverian mountain and hill country in the text About the displacement of the deciduous forests in northern Germany by the spruce and the pine . This has become fashionable, especially on the edges of the Harz, wrote von Berg. The reason for this is easy to understand:

"Nothing is easier than growing the spruce and cultivating it in the near future, the costs of the first cultivation are lower, and nothing is more attractive than the high natural yields that can be calculated from it for the future."

Von Berg, however, referred to the high susceptibility of the spruce to storms and bark beetles , due to which “a spruce forest is never a capital that can be used with certainty in a certain time (...) and that is why the (yield) calculations who take no account of it, are very deceptive. ”Von Berg had already recognized a problem during his time in Lauterberg that would cause forestry a great deal of headache until the end of the 20th century and beyond. Von Berg therefore advised the spruce to be used where other tree species could not be grown successfully, but only as a last resort. He also recommended cultivating mixed stands on the Femel farm so that they do not become pure spruce forests soon. This mixed stand problem has since remained the subject of constant efforts by the Harz forestry sector.

Freiherr von Berg was also an expert on the technique of charring wood , about which he had written practical instructions as early as 1830. In Tharandt, too, he suggested setting up a coal pile for practical instruction of the forest students , which happened in 1846. In any case, he promoted forestry research and was one of the founders of forestry associations. Von Berg was a co-founder of the Harz Forestry Association and, in 1847, of the Saxon Forestry Association .

His forest and hunting history publications are still important sources for science today. He was also an important forestry teacher who also represented classes with a strong focus on practice at higher forestry schools. With this attitude he had a strong influence on his friend Heinrich Christian Burckhardt , in whose forestry education he played a major role.

Fonts

Standalone publications

  • Instructions for charring the wood. A handbook for foresters, hut officials, technologists and cameralists. Darmstadt 1830 (2nd edition 1860).
  • Lauterberg am Harz and its surroundings. First of all for the visitors of the water sanatorium. Clausthal 1841 (2nd edition 1844).
  • About the displacement of the deciduous forests in northern Germany by the spruce and the pine. Illuminated in terms of forest and national economy. Darmstadt 1844.
  • The hunting question in 1848 and the German hunting legislation of 1848. Dresden u. a. 1849.
  • Lecture by Oberforstrath von Berg regarding the forest reform. Saxony's forest reform (Volume 5), Dresden 1849.
  • State forest economics. A handbook for state and forestry economists. Leipzig 1850.
  • The forest science teaching. Leipzig 1850.
  • The forest management system in the Kingdom of Saxony is shown historically. Leipzig 1854.
  • From the east of the Austrian monarchy. A picture of the country and its people. Dresden 1860.
  • Considerations on the influence of the smaller German states on the development and progress of forestry. Dresden 1867.
  • Pursuit in the thicket of hunting and forest history. Dresden 1869 (Reprint Leipzig 1974).
  • History of the German forests up to the end of the Middle Ages. A contribution to cultural history. Dresden 1871 (reprint Amsterdam 1966).
  • Forest statistics from Alsace-Lorraine. Compiled according to official surveys. Strasbourg 1880.

Edits

  • Heinrich Cotta : Instructions on silviculture (8th edition, Leipzig 1856).
  • Friedrich Ernst Jester : Small hunt (4th edition, Leipzig 1859).
  • Communications on the forestry conditions in Alsace-Lorraine. On behalf of the Ministry, Department of Finance and Domains. Strasbourg 1883.

literature

  • William Löbe:  Berg, Edmund Freiherr von . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 2, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1875, p. 360 f.
  • Wilhelm Haan : Carl Heinrich Edmund Freiherr von Berg . In: Saxon Writer's Lexicon . Robert Schaefer's Verlag, Leipzig 1875, pp. 16-17.
  • Zoltán Rozsnyay, Frank Kropp: Karl Heinrich Edmund v. Mountain. in this .: Lower Saxony Forest Biography. A source volume. From the forest (1998): Messages from the Lower Saxony State Forest Administration (Issue 51). Lower Saxony Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Forests (MELF), Wolfenbüttel 1998. pp. 67–70.
  • Kurt Mantel , Josef Pacher : Karl Heinrich Edmund Frhr. v. Mountain. in this .: Forest biography from the 14th century to the present. At the same time an introduction to forest literary history. Volume 1. Schaper, Hannover 1976. pp. 397-401.
  • Julius Theodor Christian Ratzeburg : Mountain. In: Forest Science Writer's Lexicon. Berlin 1874. pp. 38-43.
  • Werner von Schmieden : The life data of Günther Heinrich Freiherr von Berg (1765–1843) and his sons Edmund and Carl. Self-published, Möckmühl 1963.
  • Otto Wienhaus : Carl Edmund von Berg - the successor of Heinrich Cotta as director of the Royal Saxon Academy for Foresters and Farmers in Tharandt In: Around the Tharandt Forest , Official Gazette of the City of Tharandt, January 16, 2019, p. 35
  • Gothaisches genealogical pocket book of the baronial houses to the year 1873, p.32

Web links

Commons : Edmund von Berg  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Sächsischer Forstverein honors Freiherr von Berg forstpraxis.de from November 29, 2012.
  2. ^ Walter Kremser : Lower Saxony Forest History. An integrated cultural history of north-west German forestry. Rotenburger Schriften, special volume 32. Heimatbund Rotenburg / Wümme, Rotenburg (Wümme) 1990, pp. 491–492.
  3. ^ A b c Walter Kremser : Lower Saxony forest history. An integrated cultural history of north-west German forestry. Rotenburger Schriften, special volume 32. Heimatbund Rotenburg / Wümme, Rotenburg (Wümme) 1990, p. 708.
  4. ↑ quoted from Walter Kremser : Niedersächsische Forstgeschichte. An integrated cultural history of north-west German forestry. Rotenburger Schriften, special volume 32. Heimatbund Rotenburg / Wümme, Rotenburg (Wümme) 1990, p. 707.
  5. ↑ See the detailed history of the Tharandt coal pile under About the coal pile in Tharandt, which Berg had built in 1846 ( Memento of December 8, 2009 in the Internet Archive )
personal data
SURNAME Berg, Carl Heinrich Edmund von
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Berg, Karl Heinrich Edmund von; Berg, Edmund von
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German forest scientist
DATE OF BIRTH November 30, 1800
PLACE OF BIRTH Goettingen
DATE OF DEATH June 20, 1874
Place of death Schandau