Bruno Huber (botanist)

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Bruno Huber (born August 19, 1899 in Hall in Tirol , † December 14, 1969 in Munich , Germany ) was an Austrian botanist and university professor. He is the grandson of the historian Alfons Huber and the grandfather of the German nephrologist Tobias B. Huber .

Life

The son of a lawyer and grandson of the historian Alfons Huber studied natural sciences at the Universities of Innsbruck and Vienna . In Vienna he received his doctorate with a thesis on the marsh glossy herb . In 1925 , Huber qualified as a professor at the University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences in Vienna in botany. He then went to the University of Greifswald as a private lecturer . From 1927 to 1932 he was initially a private lecturer and from 1931 an adjunct professor at the Albert Ludwig University of Freiburg at the chair of Friedrich Oltmanns .

In 1932, Huber accepted a call as a full professor at the University of Darmstadt , where he was also director of the Botanical Garden. In 1934 he moved to the Tharandt Forest University of Applied Sciences near Dresden as a full professor . In 1946 he became director of the Forest Botanical Institute of the Ludwig Maximilians University in Munich and full professor for anatomy, physiology and pathology of plants. In 1964 he retired .

Main research areas

Bruno Huber was one of the most distinguished ecophysiologists of his time. He also established the tree ring research developed by Andrew Ellicott Douglass in Germany and Central Europe.

In the fields of physiology and the anatomy of plants, Huber is considered to be the founder of modern gas exchange physiology. He has also researched numerous works on the water balance of plants and made significant contributions to solving the problem of water transport from the soil through the plant body into the atmosphere.

In 1932, Huber and a colleague tried out a non-destructive measurement for the first time, in which changes in the water flow through stems and trunks can be recorded. With his thermoelectric method, the trunk or stalk of a plant and thus the water moving in it is heated at a certain point. A thermocouple is inserted into the stem or stem at some distance from the heat source up the stem (ie “downstream”). With the delay with which this thermocouple responds to the corresponding heat pulse, the speed of the juice flow can then be determined. The more a plant transpires, the faster the heated water reaches the measuring point.

He has also carried out plant anatomical studies, for example on the structure of wood and bark.

In the field of dendrochronology , Huber and his colleagues have developed a standard chronology of the tree ring width for oaks in Saxony. With this, the mean growth in the width of the tree rings in the period from 1390 to 1670 in this region could be documented. Around 1940 he developed a measuring and dating technique with the help of dendrochronology, with which he could systematically derive the climatic conditions of the last millennia in Central Europe. He published individual treatises a. a. in the yearbooks of the German Dendrological Society .

Memberships and honors

Fonts (selection)

  • Perspiration at different stem heights. I. Sequoia gigantea. In: Journal of Botany. Vol. 15, H. 9, 1923, ZDB -ID 201085-9 , pp. 465-501, digitized .
  • Contributions to the knowledge of the movement of water in the plant. II. The flow speed and size of the resistances in the interconnects. In: Reports of the German Botanical Society. Vol. 42, 1924, ISSN  0365-9631 , pp. 27-32.
  • Assessment of the water balance of the plant. A contribution to comparative physiology. In: Yearbooks for Scientific Botany. Vol. 64, No. 1, ISSN  0368-136X , 1925, pp. 1-120.
  • Further observations on various drought resistance in light and shade plants. In: Reports of the German Botanical Society. Vol. 43, 1925, pp. 551-559.
  • Investigations into the laws of pore evaporation. In: Journal of Botany. Vol. 23, 1930, pp. 839-891.
  • with E. Schmidt: A compensation method for thermoelectric measurement of slow juice flows. In: Reports of the German Botanical Society. Vol. 55, 1937, pp. 514-529.
  • Development of a Central European tree ring chronology. In: Communications from the Hermann Göring Academy of German Forest Science. Vol. 1, 1941, ZDB -ID 501356-2 , pp. 110-125.
  • with W. Holdheide: Tree ring chronological investigations on woods of the Bronze Age moated castle Buchau am Federsee. In: Reports of the German Botanical Society. Vol. 60, 1942, pp. 261-283.
  • About the safety of tree ring chronological dating. In: Wood as a raw material. Vol. 6, No. 10/12, 1943, ISSN  1436-736X , pp. 263-268, doi : 10.1007 / BF02603303 .
  • Attempts to measure the water vapor and carbon dioxide exchange over plant stocks. In: Academy of Sciences in Vienna, mathematical and natural science class. Meeting reports. Department 1: Biology, Mineralogy, Geography. Vol. 155, 1947, pp. 97-145.
  • The sap streams of plants (= Understandable Science. Vol. 58). Springer, Berlin et al. 1956.
  • Dendrochronology . In: Hugo Freund (Ed.): Handbook of microscopy in technology. Volume 5: Microscopy of Wood and Paper. Volume 1: Microscopy of the raw wood and the bark. New edition. Umschau-Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 1970, pp. 171-211.
  • with V. Giertz: Central European dendrochronology for the middle ages. Rainer Berger (Ed.): Scientific methods in medieval archeology (= UCLA Center for Medieval and Renaissance Studies. Contributions. Vol. 4). University of California Press, Berkeley CA et al. 1970, ISBN 0-520-01626-2 , pp. 201-212.

literature

  • Hans Hermann Rump: Bruno Huber (1899-1969) - botanist and dendrochronologist . In: Tharandt forest scientific contributions . Issue 32, 2011.
  • Hubert Ziegler : Prof. Dr. Dr. H. c. Dr. H. hc. Bruno Huber † . In: Wood as a raw material . tape 28. , H. 3, March 1970, ISSN  0018-3768 , p. 120–121 , doi : 10.1007 / BF02615709 (Obituary: PDF file ( Memento from January 29, 2013 in the web archive archive.today )).
  • Hubert Ziegler: Bruno Huber. August 19, 1899 to December 14, 1969 . In: Reports of the German Botanical Society . tape 85 , 1972, p. 661-664 (obituary).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ On the biology of the peat bog orchid Liparis Loeselii Rich. In: Academy of Sciences in Vienna, mathematical and natural science class. Meeting reports. Department 1: Biology, Mineralogy, Geography. Vol. 130, H. 8/9, 1921, ISSN  0371-4810 , pp. 307-328.
  2. ↑ The assessment of the water balance of the plant. A contribution to comparative physiology. In: Yearbooks for Scientific Botany. Vol. 64, No. 1, ISSN  0368-136X , 1925, pp. 1-120.

Web links

personal data
SURNAME Huber, Bruno
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Austrian botanist and university professor
DATE OF BIRTH August 19, 1899
PLACE OF BIRTH Hall in Tirol
DATE OF DEATH December 14, 1969
Place of death Munich , Germany