Grillenburg hunting lodge

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Grillenburg hunting lodge
Creation time : 13th century, 1554–58, 1936–39
Conservation status: Biedermeier hunting lodge, neo-renaissance guest house
Standing position : Counts, kings
Construction: including Grillenburger sandstone
Place: Tharandt
Geographical location 50 ° 57 '4.3 "  N , 13 ° 30' 19.9"  E Coordinates: 50 ° 57 '4.3 "  N , 13 ° 30' 19.9"  E
Hunting lodge around 1700
Saxon Jägerhof, 1937
Hunting lodge, 2007

The Jagdschloss Grillenburg is located in the Tharandt forest . It is located in the district of the same name in the health resort of Hartha bei Tharandt in the Saxon Switzerland-Eastern Ore Mountains district in Saxony , on today's Silberstraße holiday route between Dresden and Freiberg . The State Office for Monument Preservation of Saxony has listed the ensemble within the surrounding three ponds as a cultural monument including archaeological soil monument protection. The Osterland Castle near Oschatz from the same era represents a similar object with Romanesque origins . The entire area has been for sale by the Free State of Saxony since Expo Real 2015 in cooperation with the City of Tharandt and is to be used as a conference and conference venue in the next few years Conference center for the Technical University of Dresden in cooperation with other universities and research institutions, including the Technical University Bergakademie Freiberg .

history

origin

The origins of the hunting lodge built in the so-called Grillenburg clearing can be proven to go back to the 13th century. After archaeological investigations from 1935–1937 ( Walter Bachmann , Hans Nadler ) and 1980–1983 ( Reinhard Spehr ), as well as the still existing cellar vaults, they are used as an abbey / burial place , a Hohenstaufen or Markmeiss niche hunting palace or pilgrim hospice on the Holy Way or Way of the St. James pilgrims interpreted. Apparently there was a close connection with the neighboring Tharandt Castle and the Meissen Margraves Dietrich and Heinrich . For the first time the plant is expected in 1289 as castrum Tharant cum foresta ... and along with the castle Tharandt 1294 as ... Tarant, duo castra ... be mentioned in documents. An early settlement is also evidenced by the fact that u. a. the golden gate at Freiberg Cathedral St. Marien was made in 1225 from Grillenburg sandstone, which was mined for millstones until the beginning of the 20th century, and the nearby deserted Warnsdorf , which dates back to 1162 ( dendro ). The original systems on the entire area between the Grillenburg ponds were probably destroyed down to the foundations in 1429/30 in the Hussite Wars and in 1447/50 in the subsequent Saxon Brotherhoods .

Electoral hunting lodge and official residence

In the middle of the 16th century, on the orders of Elector August von Sachsen , under the direction of Hans von Dehn-Rothfelser and Hans Irmisch, among others, an electoral hunting facility was built on the older foundation walls instead of a net house, which, in addition to hunting, was primarily intended to relax the elector expel from crickets served. The complex, consisting of the ducal house, the hunter's house, the workshop and the servant's house “Bärenhaut” with stables, was completed between 1554 and 1558, the hunter's house in 1599 and the Fronfeste in 1614. Building materials from Tharandt Castle were also used. Conversions and extensions were carried out in the 17th and 18th centuries, especially after a fire in 1654, by master builder Ezechiel Eckhardt , among others . As a result of the effects of the war, fires and demolition work, only the locksmith's workshop and the surrounding wall with the Colmnitzer Tor remained. The hunter's house was replaced by a barn in 1720 and the princely house (except for the cellars) and the Fronfeste in 1828 (building material for the Grillenburg inn ) were demolished. The area was originally surrounded by four ponds, fed by the black puddle and via a canal from the original Triebisch (X-Bach / Kroatenbach or Kroatenwasser), and accessible via three gates and a wooden bridge. In 1730 the wooden bridge was replaced by a sandstone arch bridge based on plans by the chief architect Matthäus Daniel Pöppelmann . Only the pond with the stone bridge in front of today's hunting lodge remained original.

In 1568 Grillenburg became the administrative seat of the Office and Justice of Grillenburg-Tharandt. The office previously located in Tharandt was relocated here and renamed the Grillenburg office. The forest and game management department was located in Grillenburg from 1586 to 1852 and from 1873 to 1906. From 1728 to 1813 it included the offices of Dippoldiswalde , Freiberg , Grillenburg and Nossen . From 1787 the Grillenburg office was co-administered from Freiberg and in 1827 the official seat was moved back to Tharandt. In 1856, the Tharandt court office took over the tasks of the Grillenburg justice office. The Rent Office, which had existed as a separate department from around 1784 or as a separate authority alongside the Justice Office since 1831, was merged with the Dippoldiswalde Rent Office with its official seat in Tharandt in 1856 . In 1865 the Tharandt Forestry Department took over its duties.

Hunting lodge

Courtyard side of the palace after the renovation, 2011

Today's Biedermeier facade of the complex goes back mainly to a reconstruction based on plans by agricultural manager Rothe in 1855, when the workshop was converted into a royal hunting lodge. At around the same time, the three ponds south of the facility were filled as agricultural land. In the vicinity of the hunting and administrative headquarters, next to the inn, the smithy and the Grillenburg mill, after 1780, at the instigation of the then chief forestry master Friedrich Wilhelm von Hopfgarten, some cottagers settled whose homes later formed the community of Grillenburg , which in 1973 moved to the health resort Hartha (since 1999 Locality of the city of Tharandt ) was incorporated.

The hunting lodge was owned by the Saxon royal house under Friedrich August III from 1906 to 1918 . leased by the Ministry of Finance as a forester for the farm hunts and renovated and refurbished by him.

In 1935/36 the hunting lodge, which had been used since 1918 as a hostel for the Evangelical Lutheran Young Men’s Association of Saxony (Hieckeheim, named after Federal Warden Friedrich Hiecke) and a café with a public gondola, and in 1925 as a Saxon Farmers' College, was converted into a Saxon Jägerhof on behalf of the State Forestry Administration with the participation of the State Hunting Association The last remains of the Biedermeier furnishings disappeared inside.

The hunting hall was equipped with a wall frieze , which is a replica of the elevator used in the Saxon hunting industry; the original is in the Waldschänke Moritzburg near Dresden.

Museum and seat of the State Foundation for Nature and Environment

Hunting hall in the castle, 2008

After 1945 the castle served briefly as an FDGB training center. From 1953 it was used by the Technical University of Dresden (since 1961 Technical University of Dresden ) - Tharandt specializing in forest sciences, which opened a forest and hunting exhibition there in 1966, which still exists today as the Museum of the Forest . The forest museum has been operated since 2004 by the academy of the Saxon State Foundation for Nature and Environment , based in the castle. On June 16, 2009, the academy moved completely to the Nobbe building of the TU Dresden on Wilsdruffer Straße in Tharandt, initially for two years due to necessary construction work on the castle, and again to Dresden by the end of February 2016 . The Forest Museum was closed and inaccessible to Tharandt , Kurort Hartha and Langburkersdorf . The animal preparations were given away to the Natural History Museum in Potsdam in February 2016 . Further exhibits were loaned by the TU Dresden to the Osterzgebirgsmuseum in Schloss Lauenstein and to the Afrikahaus in Sebnitz . On January 25, 2011, the Saxon cabinet decided to move the entire Saxon State Foundation for Nature and Environment to Grillenburg on January 1, 2014, which was then postponed to January 1, 2017, but so far (as of February 2019) - despite having been with the Saxon State Parliament since February 2014 pending collective petition of the Grillenburg residents - contrary to the legal obligation neither in the foundation statutes nor in reality. After the attic was gutted in 2010, renovation work was carried out on the castle roof, which was redesigned as a cold roof, lost its massive dormers from 1855 in the castle courtyard and received a replica of the weather vane from 1730 on the renewed tower. Further work on the castle, which is currently vacant and is forced airing, was planned in the 2015/16 double budget, but not implemented. In addition, the inclusion of the New Jägerhaus and the forestry training center in Grillenburg was examined. Ultimately, as a result of the petition from the Grillenburg residents pending since December 2013, the Saxon state parliament decided in May 2019 that they would be accommodated in the forestry training facility. In the palace area, however, a conference and event location is to be created, with the TU Dresden again being one of the interested parties. The financing for this was secured in 2019 and the first work on this is to begin in 2020.

New hunter's house

New hunter's house, 2011
Dining room in the New Jägerhaus, 1991

On a hill behind the hunting lodge, on behalf of the state forest administration above the Romanesque vault, the state guest house Neues Jägerhaus was built for the Saxon Jägerhof in 1937–1939, including an air raid shelter, hunting lodge, bathing and gondola pond with boathouse, bowling alley, garages and dog kennels. It is popularly referred to as the Mutschmannvilla because it was owned by the Saxon Reich Governor , Prime Minister and Landesjägermeister Martin Mutschmann z. T. was also used privately. The architects of the neo-renaissance building were Wilhelm Hermann Jost , Rector of the Technical University of Dresden , and Oswin Hempel inside . The planning was carried out by the Tharandt master builder Burkhardt and the Deutsche Werkstätten Hellerau . It contained in the dining room u. a. a large inlay wall based on designs by the artist Max Wendl , some of which were stolen in May 2009 and the remains of which were relocated. A gun chest of the original equipment by Theodor Artur Winde , whose works were removed as so-called degenerate art elsewhere by the National Socialists , as well as those of Max Wendl, is now in the Dresden Museum of Applied Arts in Pillnitz Castle . In order to improve fish farming and as flood protection, two of the three filled ponds were dug again from 1937 to 1942 and a canal was created west of the now three ponds, from the black puddle to today's Triebisch , with a retention basin Faule puddle, lime mill and limestone barrages at the controllable pond inflow. After the air raids on Dresden on February 13 and 14, 1945 , the provisional Reich Governor's Office was located in the New Jägerhaus until May.

During the GDR -years was the new hunting lodge until 1990 as VdN-Kurheim " Elsa Fenske used" and served example of accommodation of the Soviet delegation Leonid Brezhnev , Alexei Kosygin , Nikolai Baibakov and Pyotr Abrassimov the secret Dresdner meeting of the countries of the Warsaw Pact end March 1968 for the Prague Spring and in June 1972 Fidel Castro as a quarter during a visit to the GDR. Until 1993 it was still used as Pension Jägerhof by the Kurort Hartha community . After the Free State of Saxony was awarded the property in 1994 and privatized it in 1999, it has been the property of the city of Tharandt since 2006 , which leased it to the Stiftung Musik Kunst Natur from Bannewitz from 2006–2011 . In 2012, Tharandt City Council decided to hand over the currently unused property to the Free State of Saxony. In the meantime, all of the original wrought iron lamps and z. Sometimes room doors were also stolen from the building.

Castle Park

Three hunter figures made of Elbe sandstone , which temporarily stood at Grillenburg Castle, are now in the foyer of the Museum of Saxon Folk Art in Dresden.

The current shape of the garden goes back to the landscape architect Hermann Schüttauf , then director of the State Gardens of Saxony, who designed the complex, which dates back to the 16th century, in 1937/38 in line with the new buildings. Three bronze sculptures in the castle park were cast in 1938 in the art and bell foundry Lauchhammer according to designs by the artists Otto Rost (sculptures wild boar, stolen in 2000 and bear, stored) and Johannes Darsow (sculpture Hubertushirsch, moved to Kurplatz in Hartha in 2013 ) .

Three sandstone hunter figures, created around 1645 by Conrad Buchau , according to other sources around 1602 by Christoph Walther IV and around 1620 for the Dresden Jägerhof , were placed at the castle in Grillenburg from around 1900 to 1952 . You are now in the foyer of the Museum of Saxon Folk Art or at the entrance to the Museum of Hunting Animals and Ornithology in the Augustusburg Hunting Lodge .

In an unprecedented charitable campaign, the residents of Grillenburg began work in the municipal part of the castle park in the spring of 2014 to restore the facility, which had not been maintained for over 20 years, for public use. In the autumn of 2014, new trees of the varieties Old German House plum and Borsdorf apple were planted in the plum garden according to a garden monument preservation plan .

literature

  • August Schumann : Complete State, Post and Newspaper Lexicon of Saxony , Zwickau, 1816, Vol. 3, pp. 628–630
  • Walter Bachmann : Grillenburg , in: Mitteilungen des Landesverein Sächsischer Heimatschutz, Issue 5-8, Volume XXV, Dresden 1936
  • Oskar Kramer: Der Sächsische Jägerhof Grillenburg , in: Mitteilungen des Landesverein Sächsischer Heimatschutz, Issue 9-12, Volume XXV, Dresden 1936
  • Große, Jenny: The outdoor facilities at the Jagdschloss Grillenburg - contributions to facility research and concept for future development , Technical University of Dresden, Institute for Landscape Architecture, semester project 8, Dresden 1998
  • Reinhard Spehr : The margravial hunting castles Osterland near Oschatz and Grillenburg near Freiberg , lecture at the Freiberger Altertumsverein eV, in the Freiberg City and Mining Museum , on January 17th, 2002
  • Reinhard Spehr: The margravial hunting seat Tharandt-Grillenburg near Dresden , in: Research on castles and palaces, Volume 9, Ed. Wartburg Society for Research on Castles and Palaces, Eisenach 2006, ISBN 978-3-422-06569-7
  • Heinrich Magirius , Norbert Oelsner, Reinhard Spehr : Grillenburg , State Office for Monument Preservation Saxony, Workbook 10, Dresden 2006, ISBN 978-3-937602-85-1
  • Alexander Glaser, Philipp Kob: Jagdhausanlage Grillenburg , documentary work module forest history in the bachelor's degree in forest sciences, TU Dresden, field of forest sciences, Tharandt 2010 (manuscript)
  • Mike Schmeitzner: Gaujägerhof and Neues Jägerhaus Grillenburg , in: Konstantin Hermann (Ed.) Brown places. Places and buildings of the National Socialist dictatorship in Saxony , Sandstein-Verlag or Saxon State Center for Civic Education, Dresden, 2014; Pre-printed in: Rund um den Tharandt Forest, Official Gazette of the City of Tharandt, 16th century, Issue 1, January 16, 2014, pp. 27–29.
  • Walter Schindler: In memoriam: The forest and hunting history teaching show in the Jagdschloss Grillenburg and an Oberlausitzer forest museum in Sohland on the Spree , in: Oberlausitzer Heimatblätter, issue 55, Via Regia Verlag, Königsbrück 2017, p. 42 ff., ISSN 2196-0496

Web links

Commons : Schloss Grillenburg  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Stephan Lorenz: Sales offensive for the castle and the "Nazi villa" in Grillenburg Free Press, July 27, 2015; Sales offensive for the Grillenburg Castle Sächsische Zeitung, Freital, July 30, 2015 as well as in the Burgerbe blog (accessed on August 3, 2015) and Silvio Kuhnert: hunting lodge and Nazi villa are for sale , Dresdner Latest News, August 14, 2015 and Franz Werfel: Lord of the castle wanted , Sächsische Zeitung Freital, 23 January 2016
  2. ^ Jagdschloss: Politicians advise on the future , Freie Presse Freiberg, July 25, 2019; Sebastian Tangel: New plans for the palace and Nazi villa in the Tharandt forest , Morgenpost Dresden, July 27, 2019; Jürgen Helfricht: Nazi villa in the Tharandt forest will be a conference center for universities , BILD Dresden, July 27, 2019 and Silvio Kuhnert: Future vision for Grillenburg Castle , Dresdner Latest News, July 26, 2019 and Verena Schulenburg: Grillenburg Castle will be a conference center , Sächsische Zeitung Freital, July 26, 2019 and the secret of Grillenburg Castle revealed , Freie Presse Freiberg, July 27, 2019
  3. ↑ Heinrich Magirius, Norbert Oelsner, Reinhard Spehr: Grillenburg, State Office for the Preservation of Monuments in Saxony, Workbook 10, Dresden 2006, attached card
  4. ^ Leo Bönhoff : Das Hersfelder Eigen in the Mark Meißen , New Archive for Saxon History , Vol. 44, 1923, p. 31 m. Note 1
  5. ↑ Reconstruction of the burned down workshop in Grillenburg in the Freiberg district office, 1655. , Saxon Main State Archive Dresden , inventory 10024, Privy Council (Secret Archive), Loc. 04449/17, construction and renovation of the castles and other stately buildings in the Electorate of Saxony ... , 1483–1698
  6. ^ Reports on the state of the Electoral Saxon offices, outbuildings and castles, including in Grillenburg , Saxon Main State Archive Dresden, inventory 10036, financial archive, Loc. 35401 - 35403, Rep. 02, Lit. Z, No. 0015a - 0021, 1587-1703
  7. ↑ Georg Öder : Das Schloss Grillenburg (sketch) ... , in: Measurement of the ponds located in the Grillenburg and Tharandt office , Saxon Main State Archive Dresden, inventory 12884, maps and cracks, no. Schr 003, F 043, no. 004e, 16th century .
  8. ^ André Kaiser: Die Oberforstmeisterei Grillenburg (1586–1909) , Harthaer Gemeindeblätt'l, Official Gazette of the Kurort Hartha community , October 1996, p. 8
  9. ^ Sächsisches Hauptstaatsarchiv Dresden, inventory 10864, ​​Oberforstmeisterei Grillenburg, 1617–1924
  10. ↑ Sächsisches Hauptstaatsarchiv Dresden, inventory 10052, Amt Grillenburg, 1573-1856
  11. ^ Rainer Kubatzki: State visit and court hunt in the Kingdom of Saxony , Edition Sächsische Zeitung, undated, p. 44 ff.
  12. ^ Rainer Kubatzki: State visit and court hunt in the Kingdom of Saxony , Edition Sächsische Zeitung, undated, p. 59 ff.
  13. ↑ Jägerhof Grillenburg Hunting Collection , Saxon Main State Archive Dresden, inventory 11394, State Government of Saxony, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, No. 75, Securing valuables from expropriated castles , July 1945 - September 1947
  14. ^ Franz Werfel: Plans for the castle in danger , Sächsische Zeitung, Freital, 4./5. March 2016.
  15. ↑ Hunting and Forestry Teaching Show Grillenburg , Collections of the TU Dresden, Custody of the TU Dresden (Ed.), Dresden 2018, p. 48
  16. ↑ Future locations of the administration in the Free State of Saxony 2020 ( Memento from August 12, 2013 in the web archive archive.today )
  17. ↑ Law accompanying regulations for the double budget 2013/2014, Art. 9
  18. ↑ Saxon State Parliament, collective petition 05/04567/8, Grillenburg Castle Island
  19. ↑ Law on the establishment of the Saxon State Foundation for Nature and Environment of October 16, 1992, amended by law as of December 15, 2016 (SächsGVBl. P. 630) and the statutes of the State of Saxony Foundation for Nature and Environment of March 31, 1998 in the version of March 3, 2016 May 2000
  20. ^ Susanne Sodan: poster campaign for Grillenburger Schloss , Sächsische Zeitung, Freital, 4th / 5th January 2014 and Franz Werfel: Minister: Foundation moves into the castle , Sächsische Zeitung, Freital, April 4, 2016 and Verena Schulenburg: Rumors about the castle , Sächsische Zeitung Freital, July 3, 2018 and excitement about the Jagdschloss Grillenburg , Sächsische Zeitung Freital, 12. February 2019.
  21. ^ Verena Schulenburg: Landesstiftung moves into old forest school. The state parliament sends the conservationists to Grillenburg - but not to the castle. , Sächsische Zeitung Freital, June 8, 2019.
  22. ↑ Verena Schulenburg and Anja Ehrhartsmann: Money for three projects in the Tharandt Forest , Sächsische Zeitung Freital, July 9, 2019.
  23. ↑ Verena Schulenburg: How 18 million euros benefit the castle , Sächsische Zeitung Freital, November 21, 2019.
  24. ↑ Thomas Schade: The Disappeared Hunt , Sächsische Zeitung, p. 3, August 12, 2013.
  25. ↑ Registration of water usage for the water book, Department II (Dresden-Altstadt), Vol. 3 , Saxon Main State Archives Dresden, inventory 10754, Amtshauptmannschaft Dresden, 1912–1937 (0606)
  26. ^ Mike Schmeitzner : Gaujägerhof and Neues Jägerhaus Grillenburg . In: Konstantin Hermann (Ed.): Führerschule, Thingplatz, "Judenhaus" - places and buildings of the National Socialist dictatorship in Saxony . Sandstein Verlag, Dresden 2014, ISBN 978-3-95498-052-9 , pp. 102-105, here p. 104.
  27. ↑ H. Fischer: 30 years ago: Warsaw Pact in the Tharandt Forest , Sächsische Zeitung, Freital, April 29, 1998.
  28. ↑ Uwe Blümel: The victims drove to the home of the perpetrator for a cure , Morgenpost am Sonntag, Chemnitz and Dresden, March 23, 2014, pp. 12-13.
  29. ↑ Susanne Sodan: Nobody wants the house of thieves , Sächsische Zeitung, Freital, October 22, 2013.
  30. ↑ Bronze statues move. In: Sächsische Zeitung , Dippoldiswalde and Freital. 9/11 December 2013.
  31. ↑ The crown deer as a model was specially designed by Darsow for the 1937 international hunting exhibition in Berlin . It concerns the deer Raufbold , which Hermann Göring shot on February 9, 1936 (closed season) in the forestry office of Warnen in Rominter Heide . After the hunting exhibition, the bronze sculpture came from the main entrance of the Berlin exhibition halls to the courtyard of Carinhall , after 1945 to the park of Sanssouci Palace in Potsdam and in 1969/70 to the open-air stage in the Berlin-Friedrichsfelde zoo . A second sculpture based on this model was made as Hubertushirsch in 1938 and set up at the Neues Jägerhaus in the Grillenburg Castle Park and moved to the Kurplatz in the Kurort Hartha in 2013 .
  32. ↑ Schloß Grillenburg , Saxon Main State Archives Dresden, inventory 10736, Ministry of the Interior, No. 17494, Vol. 02, State funding for the maintenance of old works of art and buildings , 1900–1903
  33. ^ André Kaiser: Die Steinernen Jäger von Grillenburg , Harthaer Gemeindeblätt'l, Official Gazette of the Kurort Hartha community , November 1996, p. 6
  34. ↑ Verena Weiß: Grillenburg clears the way to the castle In: Sächsische Zeitung , Freital and Dippoldiswalde. 28/29 January 2014.
  35. ^ André Kaiser: Fish festival and tree planting in Grillenburg. (PDF; 8.9 MB) In: Around the Tharandt Forest , Official Gazette of the City of Tharandt. December 15, 2014, p. 41 , accessed on May 2, 2017 (Volume 16, Issue 12).